RU2634942C1 - Grain-harvesting modular unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: grain-harvesting modular unit includes a power device 1 with a chassis and a control cabin 6 movable relative to it, a power unit, attachable 7 and tow 8 devices, a set of composite modules and a loading device 9 for installation and removal of one of the composite modules on the top of the power device 1 chassis and a product transportation system. The set of composite modules includes a harvesting module, a threshing module, and a storage/cleaning module 5 attached to the attachable device 8. The harvesting module consists of a reaping part 3 and an inclined chamber 2. The harvesting module, the threshing module and the storage/cleaning module 5 are sequentially interconnected by means of the product transportation system. The threshing module is made of beater type 4 (b).

EFFECT: increased efficiency of its operation.

3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to units of modular construction for harvesting grain and other crops.

State of the art

Known grain-harvesting unit of modular construction as a part of an energy facility with a chassis, a control cabin, a power plant, mounted and trailed devices and a set of harvesting modules, in the form of a mounted frontal header with a transverse threshing device of rotary type and a trailed drive-cleaner on wheels, which is technologically connected with with a threshing device, a system for transporting grain heaps in the form of side elevators and a screw conveyor with reloading sleeve [RF patent No. 2146083, IPC A01D 41/02. The unit for harvesting crops. Claim 07/02/1998].

The design of the harvesting unit was implemented in the harvesting complex KZR-10 "Polesie-Rotor" on the basis of the power equipment UES-250/280 (PO "Gomselmash", Belarus). Technologically, the KZR-10 complex is divided into independent modules-units that perform mowing operations for harvesting the grain, harvesting it, threshing it, cleaning the grain heap and extracting grain from it. The main disadvantage of the technological scheme of the unit is that the flow of grain heap between the working bodies of the unit is carried out with a change in its direction and with a narrowing of the transverse dimensions (dimensions) of the technological path. This is a consequence of the fact that the threshing device is made axial (rotary type) with an arrangement across the longitudinal axis of the entire unit and coupled with the frontal header to the mounted power device. The accepted placement on the power of the control cabin and power plant does not allow to organize a direct flow of grain heap. In practice, an extended system for transporting grain heaps between the threshing device and the trailed drive-cleaner has been increased along the length of the tract. The system is also structurally complex and consists of several interconnected parts (elevator and conveyor) located on the side of the energy facility. All this as a whole reduces the throughput of the entire unit, contributes to an uneven flow of grain heap across the width of the working bodies of the trailed drive-cleaner, worsens the quality of grain cleaning and reduces the operational characteristics and capabilities of the combine. In addition, the preferential aggregation on the chassis of the energy means of mounted machines-guns and on its bearing wheels leads to their overload, as well as to irrational distribution of the total mass of the entire unit on the wheels of the chassis.

Known grain modular unit comprising a power tool with a running chassis and a control cabin moved relative to it, a power plant, a mounted and trailed device, a loading device for installing or removing one of the composite modules on top of the power tool chassis, and the set of composite modules in the form of mounted on a mounted the device of the harvesting module from the inclined chamber and the harvesting part, mounted on top by means of a loading device of the threshing module, and also connect a module for accumulation-cleaning on wheels and a transportation system of threshed harvesting product to the towing device, and when constructing a grain-harvesting unit, its composite harvesting modules - the harvesting part and the inclined chamber, the threshing module and the accumulation-cleaning module are sequentially interconnected to ensure passage through paths of the indicated modules of the cleaning product, while the threshing module is coupled to the storage-cleaning module by means of a transport system of a threshed harvesting product [RF patent No. 2574479, IPC AB 59/00, B62D 33/063. An energy facility for aggregation with a set of interchangeable adapter modules in agricultural production. Claim 10/18/2013, publ. 02/10/2016. Bull. No. 4].

In terms of technical nature and the totality of essential features, the grain-harvesting modular unit is closest to the proposed technical solution and is taken as the closest analogue.

The main technical and technological drawback of the grain-harvesting modular unit with its threshing module (for example, rotary version) is the limited effective use of the unit for harvesting - only dry and not wet grain stands, which significantly reduces the annual load and operational characteristics of the use of the entire harvesting unit.

Disclosure of invention

The present invention solves the technical problem of improving the efficiency of the harvesting modular unit. The technical result is achieved by the implementation of a threshing module with working elements of the beater type, and installing it on the chassis of the energy means instead of the threshing module with working bodies of the rotor type, which will expand the employment of the energy tool for harvesting grain crops with different humidity (wet and dry) crops during the year.

To achieve the specified technical result in a grain-harvesting modular unit, including a power tool with a running chassis and a control cabin moved relative to it, a power unit, a mounted and trailed device, a loading device for installing or removing one of the composite modules on top of the power tool chassis, and the set of composite modules in the form of a harvesting module aggregated onto a hinged device from an inclined chamber and a reaping part mounted on top by means of a loading device the threshing module, as well as the module for accumulating cleaning on wheels and the transportation system of the threshed cleaning product connected to the towing device, and when constructing the grain harvesting unit, its composite cleaning modules - the harvesting part and the inclined chamber, the threshing module and the storage-cleaning module are sequentially mated between with ensuring passage through the paths of the specified modules of the cleaning product, while the coupling of the threshing module with the module for accumulation-cleaning is carried out is carried out by means of a transportation system for the threshed harvesting product, according to the invention, the threshing module is made of beater type, of one or two drum versions with concave, which are located transversely to the longitudinal axis of the harvested modular unit and are interfaced with the threshed harvesting product separator, and the selected grain heap is supplied with concave and separator the conveyor of the threshing module into the transportation system of the threshed cleaning product, coaxially located ennuyu combine with the longitudinal axis of the modular assembly, except that the width of the unloading conveyor is equal to the width of the drum and the concave, and Dedicated separator threshed straw is derived from the cross conveyor unit at the retracted surface field with its grinding or without grinding.

The set of distinctive features implemented in the invention will improve the efficiency of the grain modular unit by expanding its annual employment in harvesting grain crops of different moisture levels (wet, normal and dry) with a combination of threshing modules using different types of working bodies in different agricultural units regions of Russia.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The present invention is illustrated by the example of the use of a modular combine harvester with a threshing type threshing module.

In FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of the construction of a grain-harvesting modular unit based on energy and modules, including with alternately thresher modules of different designs, side view on the left;

in FIG. 2 shows a general view of the combine harvesting modular unit, side view to the left;

in FIG. 3 shows a view A of FIG. 2 (in the position of rectilinear movement and rotation of the unit), top view.

The implementation of the invention

The grain-harvesting modular unit is equipped on the basis of energy facility 1 and modules aggregated with it (see Figs. 1-3). These are, for example, hinged harvesting modules from an inclined chamber 2 and reaping part 3, mounted on top of the power tool 1, threshing modules of rotary 4 (a) or saw 4 (b) design, as well as module 5 attached to the power tool 1 for storage-cleaning on wheels .

The energy facility 1 consists of a chassis, a cabin 6, a mounted 7 and a trailed 8 devices, a loading device 9 and a set of the above modules. The cabin 6 is installed by means of a supporting column 10 with the possibility of its vertical and transverse movement. The supporting column 10 is placed on the chassis of the power facility 1 from one of the sides of the cab 6. The chassis of the power facility 1 are hinged for operational interface with the tilting chamber 2. The chassis of the power facility 1 is equipped with outriggers on the installation and removal side of the interchangeable modules. The technological connection of the threshing module 4 (b) mounted on top of the chassis of the power means 1 and the storage module 5 attached to it for storage-cleaning is made through the system 11 for transporting the threshed cleaning product.

The threshing module 4 (b) in the example under consideration is equipped with the working bodies of the beat type - in the form of a drum 12 with a concave 13 and an unloading conveyor 14. The drum 12 and the concave 13 are located transverse to the longitudinal axis of the grain harvesting unit and are technologically interfaced with the separator 15 of the threshed cleaning product in the form keyboard straw walker. The straw separated by the separator 15 is removed from the threshing module 4 (b) by a transverse conveyor 16 with a sliding tray to the surface of the harvested field with or without grinding.

The attachment to the towing device 8 of the energy means 1 of the module 5 for accumulation-cleaning is carried out by means of a coupling known in the art. The system 11 for transporting the threshed harvesting product is located coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the grain harvesting modular unit.

The aggregation of energy 1 with the above modules 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 and their work in the technological cleaning process is as follows.

When compiling the power unit 1 with an inclined chamber 2, it is fed to the latter (not shown in Fig.), Orienting them coaxially. For ease of pairing of technical means, the cabin 6 is moved from a central position relative to the longitudinal axis of the unit to a lateral position. Why, through the supporting column 10, carry out the vertical movement (rise) of the cabin 6 with its subsequent angular movement (rotation) relative to the chassis of the power tool 1 and its longitudinal axis.

Then attach the hinged device 7 of the power tool 1 to the lower part of the inclined chamber 2, lift it and mate the upper part with the power tool 1. Then the cabin 6 is returned to the central position by means of the support column 10 and placed above the tilt chamber 2. Next, the power tool 1 is fed to on the ground with a threshing module 4 (b) and by means of a loading device 9, it is mounted on top of the chassis of the power tool 1 with its subsequent fixation by locks known in the art. In this case, the technological paths of the threshing module 4 (b) and the inclined chamber 2 are interfaced. Then, the power tool 1 in the unit with the inclined chamber 2 and the threshing module 4 (b), maneuvering, is articulated with the harvesting part 3 and then with the trailed module 5 for accumulation-cleaning - by interconnecting them with the transportation system of the harvesting product 11.

The attachment to the towing device 8 of the energy means 1 of the module 5 for storage-cleaning is carried out by articulating their coupling. The energy facility 1 and module 5 for accumulation-cleaning with such a connection to each other have the ability to copy the surface of the harvested field and turn around on it with the modular harvesting unit.

The design of the system for transporting the cleaning product 11 provides a straight-through passage of the cleaning product through the working bodies of the grain modular unit (tilting chamber 2 of the harvesting part 3, threshing module 4 (b) and the working bodies of the transportation system of the cleaning product 11), as well as uniform supply and high-quality cleaning of the product cleaning by working bodies of module 5 for accumulation-cleaning. After completing the harvesting, the modular grain harvesting unit can carry out the technological process of cleaning with the threshing module 4 (b) with the working bodies of the billet type, for example, grain crops with dry grain production. If it is necessary to harvest grain crops with wet grain production, the threshing module 4 (b) with the working bodies of the beater type is removed from the energy means 1 and the threshing module 4 (a) with the working bodies of the rotor type is installed in its place. At the end of the cleaning process, the unit is disconnected into its constituent elements - the cleaning modules (11, 5, 3, 4 and 2), and the power tool 1 in the unit with other replaceable modules can be used for another technological purpose.

The application of the proposed technical solution will allow for the modular construction of a combine harvester based on energy and replaceable modules. The technical result of the invention is achieved through the execution of a threshing module with working elements of the beating type, which can be installed on the chassis of the energy means in place of the threshing module with working bodies of the rotor type and expanding the employment of the energy means during the year for harvesting grain crops with grain crops of different humidity (wet and dry )

Innovations can be used in designs developed for the future of mobile energy with sets of interchangeable harvesting modules for agricultural production.

Claims (1)

Combine harvesting modular unit, including a power tool with a running chassis and a control cabin moved relative to it, a power unit, an attachment and a tow hitch, a loading device for installing or removing one of the composite modules on top of the power tool chassis, and the set of composite modules in the form of an aggregate on a mounted device a harvesting module from an inclined chamber and a harvesting part, mounted on top by means of a loading device of a threshing module, as well as attached to to the integrated device of the module for accumulation-cleaning on wheels and the transportation system of the threshed harvesting product, and when constructing the grain harvesting unit, its composite harvesting modules - the harvesting part and the inclined chamber, the threshing module and the module for accumulating-cleaning are sequentially interfaced to ensure passage along the paths indicated modules of the cleaning product, while the coupling of the threshing module with the module for storage-cleaning is carried out by means of a transportation system of a coated harvesting product, characterized in that the threshing module is made of beater type, of one or two drum versions with a concave, which are located transversely to the longitudinal axis of the grain harvesting unit and are coupled to the threshed harvesting product separator, while the selected grain heap is concaved and the separator is fed by an unloading conveyor to the module into the transportation system of the threshed harvesting product, coaxially located with the longitudinal axis of the module regatta, except that the width of the unloading conveyor is equal to the width of the drum and the concave, and Dedicated separator threshed straw is derived from the cross conveyor unit at the retracted surface field with its grinding or without grinding.

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