RU2301516C2 - Self-propelled flax harvesting unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: self-propelled flax harvesting unit has self-propelled frame with front and rear wheels, cabin positioned in frame front part, and power module. Frame incorporates puller including discharge device with output pulley and horizontal shaft of suspension, or picking-up device, or combing unit with clamping conveyor, spreading and turning conveyor, pneumatic conveyor, and hopper for heap, with mentioned parts incorporated within frame being detachably mounted therein. Power module is positioned within frame between rear wheels. Puller is positioned for rotation around its vertical pin extending through point of intersection of longitudinal pin of flax harvesting unit and horizontal pin of puller suspension. Horizontal pin of puller suspension is axially aligned with output pulley of discharge device.

EFFECT: high quality of flax harvesting process owing to employment of shuttle process.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting flax.

Trailed flax harvesters with top-lifting machines are known, behind which transverse conveyors with clamping conveyors and stripping drums are installed (A.S. USSR No. 165022, class A01D 45/06, 1962; A.S. USSR No. 1187742, class A01D 45/06 , 1983; A.S. USSR No. 1181584, class A01D 45/06, 1983). In such combines, top-lifting machines are installed on the side of the tractor, so they have a considerable width. This reduces their maneuverability and requires for their work dividing the field into corrals, arranging aisles and headlands from which it is necessary to pre-cut and remove flax, or to plant them in advance (when sowing flax), which are mowed before harvesting for green fodder.

Self-propelled flax-harvesting double-thread harvesters are known (A.S. USSR No. 249821, class A01D 45/06, 1965; A.S. USSR No. 649357, class A01D 45/06, 1973; A.S. USSR No. 1005708, class. A01D 45/06, 1978) comprising sweeping bodies with transverse conveyors, clamping conveyors, and comb drums.

These flax harvesters operate by the most advanced flax harvesting technology - shuttle method and do not require preliminary clearing of the field from flax for the first pass for their work. The disadvantage of such combines is their bulkiness, since they are two-threaded machines, and consequently, their low maneuverability, which does not allow to qualitatively carry out the flax harvesting process.

Known flax picking unit (AS USSR No. 1250201, class 4 A01D 45/06, 1984, prototype), comprising a self-propelled frame based on the front (leading) and rear (driven) wheels with a power unit mounted on it, a top-lifting apparatus or a selection device, a stripping apparatus with a clamping conveyor, a spreading-wrapping conveyor, a pneumatic conveyor and a heap hopper, and all working bodies are mounted on the frame with the possibility of their dismantling.

This flax harvesting unit is a front single-threaded machine, quite compact, when working does not require prior release of the field from flax for the first pass

The disadvantage of this unit is the following factors: due to the fact that the power unit is mounted on a frame above the front wheels, with a small track and a high center of gravity of the unit, its lateral stability from tipping over is insufficient when performing the technological process of flax cleaning by shuttle method, involving sharp turns, and therefore , insufficient and its maneuverability. In addition, the steered wheels are located behind, which makes it difficult to control the unit.

In addition, to ensure the maneuverability of the aggregate, the width of its passage does not significantly exceed the width of the grip of the top-lifting apparatus (small track), as a result of which, at sharp turns and when harvesting long-staple flax, the scraped flax tape is jammed by the wheels of the aggregate.

The problem solved by the invention is to create a maneuverable multifunctional self-propelled unit that qualitatively performs the technological process of flax harvesting by shuttle method.

The object of the invention is solved by installing inside the frame between the rear wheels of the power module in a self-propelled flax picker, comprising a self-propelled frame with front and rear wheels, a cab in the front of it and a power module, and a top-lifting apparatus including an output device located inside the frame with the possibility of their dismantling with an output pulley and a horizontal suspension axis, or a pick-up device, a stripper with a clamping conveyor, a spreading-wrapping conveyor, a pneumatic conveyor and a hopper for a heap, in addition, the top-lifting apparatus is mounted inside the unit frame with the possibility of turning it around a vertical axis passing through the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the unit and the horizontal axis of the suspension of the top-lifting apparatus, the horizontal axis of the suspension of the top-lifting apparatus is aligned with the output pulley of the output device, and equipped with a copy wheel mounted on its frame. The cab of the unit is equipped with tools for monitoring the working process. The unit is additionally equipped with a tipper body or semi-trailer with the ability to install each of them on a self-propelled frame after dismantling all the working bodies.

The installation of the power module inside the frame between the rear wheels allows to increase the stability of the unit with a small gauge from lateral tipping (due to the fact that the center of gravity of the unit is low), which means to increase its maneuverability.

Driving rear wheels increase the maneuverability of the unit and facilitate its management.

In addition, the power module, occupying a position inside the frame between the rear wheels, is a good counterweight, necessary when dismantling all the working bodies of the unit to install a tipper body or semi-trailer on a self-propelled frame and protecting the self-propelled chassis, into which the unit turns when all working bodies are removed from it , from capsizing.

The installation of the top-lifting apparatus inside the frame not only on the horizontal axis of the suspension, but also with the possibility of turning it to a small extent around the vertical axis passing through the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the unit with the horizontal axis of the suspension of the top-lifting device, contributes to the high-quality execution of the flax harvesting process by shuttle by shifting top-lifting apparatus in the direction of unrefined flax in order to avoid jamming of the ribbon of scrubbed flax with the chassis wheels, especially at sharp turns and in the case of harvesting long-stalked flax.

The ability of the top-lifting apparatus to change its position relative to the longitudinally vertical plane of the aggregate does not require a wide gauge. It should be only not much larger than the capture of the top-lifting apparatus, which, in turn, also increases the maneuverability of the unit, which is a necessary condition for performing the technological process of flax harvesting by shuttle method. The copying wheel, which is equipped with a top-lifting machine, in contact with the soil, allows you to copy its surface, lowering the dividers of the flax harvester to the desired height, thereby increasing the quality of pulling, and therefore the quality of the flax harvesting process as a whole.

The controls and controls that are provided with the unit driver's cab allow you to control the flax harvesting process, increasing the quality of work.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a self-propelled flax harvester with a top-lifting apparatus, side view; figure 2 is the same, a top view; in Fig.3 is a diagram of a self-propelled flax harvester with a pick-up device, side view; figure 4 - self-propelled chassis with a tipper body; figure 5 - self-propelled chassis with a semi-trailer.

Self-propelled flax harvesting unit contains a self-propelled frame 3, supported on the front (driven) 1 and rear (drive) 2 wheels, on which the power module 4 (engine with hydraulic power station) with hydraulic drive 5 on the drive wheels 2 and the cab 6 is installed inside it between the rear wheels 2 in front of it with controls and controls over the work process.

Inside the frame 3 are placed with the possibility of dismantling the top-lifting apparatus 7 or a picking device 8, a clamping conveyor 9, a combing (threshing) device 10, a spreading-wrapping conveyor 11, a pneumatic conveyor 12 and a hopper for a heap 13.

The top-lifting apparatus 7 is a front-line direct-flow flax flail that has a horizontal 14 and a vertical 15 axis of the suspension and is equipped with a copying wheel 16. The horizontal axis of the suspension 14 is installed coaxially with the output pulley 17 of the output device of the top-lifting device, the vertical axis 15 passes through the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the unit with the horizontal the suspension axis 14 of the top-lifting apparatus. Thus, the flax tiller changes the angle of inclination relative to the transverse vertical plane of the unit (working and non-working position) by turning it around axis 14 and has the ability to rotate by some angle around axis 15 in order to avoid jamming of the tape of the flax by the wheels 1 and 2 of the unit.

The picking device 8 is formed by two contacting conveyors, the lower of which includes a drum with retractable fingers, a pulley mounted coaxially to the lower pulley of the clamping conveyor 9, and the belt covering them, and the upper (clamping) belt is two pulleys covered by the belt.

The stripping (threshing) device 10 is a roller (rotor) with slats, or a stripping drum with ridges, or a drum drum.

The spreading-wrapping conveyor 11 is a belt with pegs or fingers bent back.

In addition, the unit is equipped with a tipper body 18 or a semitrailer 19 with the possibility of installing it on a self-propelled frame 3, after having removed all working bodies from it: top-lifting apparatus 7 (or pick-up device 8), clamping conveyor 9, stripping device 10, spreading-wrapping conveyor 11, a pneumatic conveyor 12 and a hopper for a heap 13. At the same time, the power module 4 serves as a counterweight, preventing the tipping of the self-propelled chassis.

The controls located in the driver’s cab 6 of the unit include levers and pedals for controlling the self-propelled frame, power steering, control valves for activating the working bodies, an alarm system when overloading the main working bodies, and the possibility of reversing them when driving.

The operation of the self-propelled flax harvesting unit is carried out according to two technologies.

Combine flax harvesting technology

At the beginning of harvesting, a flax saw 7 is mounted on a self-propelled chassis on the horizontal axis 14 of the unit in such a way that with the help of a copying wheel 16 it can copy the relief of the field, as well as other working bodies: a stripping device 10, a clamping conveyor 9, a pneumatic conveyor 12, a spreading-wrapping conveyor 11 and a heap hopper 13.

The unit operates in a self-propelled front single-threaded flax harvester mode. While the unit is moving across the field, the flax harvester 7, leaning on the copying wheel 16, consumes the stalks of flax. Since the width of the passage of the unit is small (has a small track) and does not significantly exceed the width of the flax grasp, the foaming starts from the edge of the field and shuttles with a loop-like turn at the end of the headland. Flax saw 7 is shifted by the required amount in one direction or another by turning at a certain angle around the vertical axis 15 passing through the longitudinal axis of the unit at the point of intersection with the horizontal axis 14.

Reclaimed stalks of flax are brought to the clamping conveyor 9 by the output device, then the stripping (threshing) device 10 separates the seed boxes from them, after which the stalks of flax straw are spread on the ground in the form of a continuous tape for further maturation in the trust using the spreading-wrapping conveyor 11. The heap obtained during towing enters with the help of a pneumatic conveyor 12 into the hopper 13, from which it is unloaded into a trailer or other vehicle and transported to a drying and processing point for the purpose of separating seeds.

Separate flax harvesting technology can be applied in the southern zones of the country or taking into account climatic conditions in the middle and northern regions (hot, dry summers). At the same time, the working bodies of the flax harvester are first hung on the chassis, but during operation the stripping (threshing) device 10 and the heap pneumatic conveyor 12 are turned off, i.e. Unrefined flax is placed in a ribbon on the field for natural drying and ripening of seed bolls.

After pulling, instead of the flax grinder 7, the pick-up device 8 is hung on the horizontal axis 14 of the frame 3, the stripper 10 and the heap conveyor 12 are turned on, and the unit is already used as a pick-up thresher. At the same time, the threshed straw is again spread on the field for aging in the trust, and the heap is transported to the drying and processing point for seed extraction.

If necessary, the unit can be used as soon as the wrapper, having disconnected all working bodies, except for the picking device 8, clamping 9 and spreading-wrapping 11 conveyors.

After flax is harvested, all the flax harvesting tools are removed from the unit and a tipper body 18 or a semi-trailer 19 is mounted on the self-propelled frame 3. The self-propelled chassis obtained in this way can be used for transporting, for example, rolls of flax 20 and other cargoes throughout the year.

The use of self-propelled flax harvesting unit will allow, thanks to the combination of operations, to ensure the implementation of all field work on flax harvesting. The proposed flax harvesting unit is economically feasible due to its versatility and increase in annual load.

Claims (3)

1. Self-propelled flax harvester comprising a self-propelled frame with front and rear wheels, a cabin in its front part and a power module and placed inside the frame with the possibility of dismantling the top-lifting apparatus, including an output device with an output pulley and a horizontal suspension axis, or a pick-up device, combing apparatus with clamping conveyor, spreading-wrapping conveyor, pneumatic conveyor and heap hopper, characterized in that the power module is installed inside the frame between the rear wheels, and crushing apparatus - with the possibility of turning it around a vertical axis passing through the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the aggregate with the horizontal axis of the suspension of the top-lifting apparatus, the horizontal axis of the suspension of the top-lifting apparatus is installed coaxially with the output pulley of the output device. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the top-lifting apparatus is equipped with a copying wheel mounted on its frame. 3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the cabin is equipped with means for monitoring the working process.

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