RU2634463C2 - Method for producing high-vitamin grass meal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: method for producing high-vitamin grass meal comprises charging green mass, drying in a drying drum, crushing and discharging. The dried mass is loaded from the drying drum into the separation unit and separated into the fine and the coarse fractions by means of a woven mesh and the continuous reciprocating brush motion. By the air flow from excess pressure from the drying drum and vacuum from the cyclone fans the fine fraction is sent to the cyclone for removing the dry mass, and the coarse fraction is sen through the cyclone for large particles to the crusher and then also to the cyclone for removing the dry mass, with the subsequent discharging.

EFFECT: separating the dried mass into fractions in the separation unit for the dry heap of grass meal allows to exclude the excessive grinding of the dry product, to reduce the losses of the product emitted into the atmosphere in the form of meal dust, and to reduce the unit costs of fuel and power.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of feed production, and in particular to methods for the production of high-vitamin grass meal in livestock farms and complexes.

The famous "Method Zemlyakova N.V. drying grain flow in a mobile dryer ”(US Pat. RU, No. 2572546, F26B 3/06. F26B 17/26, 20012016), including drying the grain flow in a mobile dryer when moving the grain flow through the inner cavity of the tubular sectional drying chamber of the coil type top to bottom direction. From the lower tubular drying chamber provide unloading of grain flow into the container. In this case, the tubular drying chamber of the serpentine type along its vertical axis is subjected to mechanical vibrations with a frequency ϕ and amplitude λ.

Disadvantages: the technological and technical method in practice is hardly applicable, and the oscillation mode ϕ = 1-1.5 Hz and λ = 3-15 mm is not effective (Spivakovsky A.O., Dyachkov V.K. Transporting machines. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1983).

The well-known "Method and system for drying a material containing water" (US Pat. RU, No. 2493512 C2, F26B 7/06, F26B 20/00, C05F 3/00, 09/20/2013) The invention relates to a method for drying a water-containing mass, such like manure, getting a dry product. The technological scheme (Fig. 1) includes 59 processes and the same number of nodes, which is extremely cumbersome and difficult to implement in production.

A known method of artificial drying of grass, implemented in drying units of the pneumatic drum type AVM-0.4A, AVM-0.5 and AVM-1.5A (I.V. Kulakovsky, F.S. Kirpichnikov, E.I. Reznik “Machines and equipment for the preparation of feed ”, handbook part I, M. Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, C 104-106) - taken as a prototype, including the supply of liquid fuel to the combustion chamber, air supply, loading, drying in a tumble dryer, grinding in a crusher and unloading.

The disadvantage of this method is the regrinding of the dried green mass. In the prepared grass meal, 50-60% of the grinding fraction is flour dust, less than 0.5 mm in size, harmful to animals, and this is the most valuable part of plants - leaves and inflorescences. Since all the mass with varying degrees of drying (stems and leaves) gets into the crusher, there is an inappropriate energy consumption for regrinding, crusher overload, as well as 1.5-2.0% of finished products in the form of flour dust are emitted into the atmosphere, polluting the environment .

The objective of the invention is the elimination of regrinding of a dry product, a reduction of 1.5-2.0 times the loss of product emitted into the atmosphere in the form of flour dust, reduction of specific fuel and electricity costs.

The problem is achieved in that in a method for the production of high-vitamin grass flour, which includes loading green mass, drying in a tumble dryer, crushing and unloading, it is new that the dried mass from the drying drum is loaded into a separation unit and separated into small and large fractions using woven mesh and continuous reciprocating brush movement, with the air flow from excessive pressure from the dryer drum and vacuum from cyclone fans, the fine fraction is sent to the cycle n for removal of dry mass, and a large fraction through a cyclone for large particles to a crusher and then also to a cyclone for removal of dry mass with subsequent unloading.

A positive feature of high-temperature pneumatic drum dryers is the selective removal of dried particles from the drying zone. At an average speed of the drying agent in the inner cylinder of the drum 4.92 m / s, the speed of movement of green particles up to 30 mm long is 12-15 m / s, and the lightest dried particles obtained from leaves are 1.5-3.5 m /from. As a result, the dried particles dry faster and are removed from the dryer drum and thus are protected from overheating.

However, the removal of the total mass into the cyclone and further into the crusher leads to the regrinding of the dried particles from the leaves and their transformation into dust, which leads to the loss of the most valuable and nutritious part of plants, therefore, equipping the unit with a separation unit and placing it before the crusher allows the separation of the dried mass into fractions, to prevent small particles from entering the crusher, by installing a woven mesh in the separation unit, to prevent overloading of the crusher and reduce specific energy consumption.

The essence of the proposed method, implemented in the "Unit for the production of high-vitamin grass meal", is illustrated in FIG. 1 is a diagram of an aggregate for the production of high vitamin grass meal, FIG. 2 - remote element I of FIG. one.

The unit for the production of high-vitamin grass meal includes a liquid fuel nozzle 1 (Fig. 1), a combustion chamber 2, a furnace 3, an air supply fan 4, a green mass loading conveyor 5, a drying drum 6, an electric drum 7, a dry pile separation unit 8, connected by an inlet pipe 9 (Fig. 2) with a drying drum 6. In the separation unit 8, a woven mesh 10 is installed, at an angle α to the horizontal plane, equipped with a brush cleaner 11 with an electric drive 12. The upper outlet pipe 13 is in communication with the dry discharge cyclone mass 14, and the lower outlet pipe 15, through a cyclone for coarse fraction 16 and crusher 17, also with a cyclone for removal of dry mass 14, under which there is a discharge device 18.

The unit operates in the following sequence. The air supply fan 4 draws in atmospheric air and pumps it into the combustion chamber 2, where along the way it mixes with atomized fuel coming from the nozzle of the liquid fuel supply system 1, as a result a working mixture is formed, which ignites from the electric burner. At the same time, air enters the furnace 3 and mixes with the combustion products, forming a coolant with a temperature of 400-1000 ° C, entering the drying drum 6. The green mass, crushed in the field to a particle length of 30 mm, is unloaded from the vehicles onto the feeder tray, then the green mass loading conveyor 5 is fed into the drying drum 6. Moving in the heat carrier flow and mixing due to the rotation of the drum with the electric drive of the drum 7 and the movement of the heat carrier, the mass gradually dries and partially crumbles It is cleaned by the working part of the drying drum 6 and grinding.

In the drying drum 6, the selective drying principle occurs: leaves having a large heat exchange surface dry faster and are carried away by a heat agent, and the stems are completely dried in the drum. The dried mass at the outlet of the dryer drum is partially segregated (divided): smaller and lighter particles under the influence of the coolant velocity of 5 m / s and, having a low speed of soaring (1.5-2.0 m / s), are located in the upper part dry mass flow, and dry stems - heavier - in the lower.

This stream enters the inlet pipe 9, the separation unit of the dry heap 8, connected to the drying drum 6, and falls on a woven mesh 10, installed obliquely at an angle α, to the horizontal plane. By air flow from excess pressure from the dryer drum 6 and the vacuum from the cyclone fans 14 and 16, particles smaller than the cells of the woven mesh pass through its openings and pass through the upper outlet pipe 13 into the cyclone to drain the dry mass 14, and larger brush the cleaner 11, moving reciprocating from top to bottom with a frequency of ν movements per minute from the drive 12, are erased from the woven mesh 10 to the lower part of the dry heap separation unit 8, through the lower outlet pipe 15 and the cyclone for large hours ticles 16 fed to the crusher 17 for further grinding. From the crusher 17, the finished mass also enters the cyclone for removal of the dry mass 14, and the entire finished product is unloaded to the unloading device 18.

Thus, the separation of the dried mass into fractions in the separation unit for dry heap of grass meal eliminates overgrinding of the dry product, reduces the loss of the product emitted into the atmosphere in the form of flour dust by 1.5-2.0 times, and reduces the specific consumption of fuel and electricity.

Claims (1)

A method for the production of high-vitamin grass meal, including loading green mass, drying in a tumble dryer, crushing and unloading, characterized in that the dried mass from the tumble dryer is loaded into a separation unit and is divided into small and large fractions using a woven mesh and continuous reciprocating motion brushes, with the air flow from excess pressure from the dryer drum and the vacuum from the cyclone fans, the fine fraction is sent to the cyclone to remove the dry mass, and the large fraction is through a cyclone for large particles - to a crusher and then also to a cyclone for removal of dry mass with subsequent unloading.

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