RU2095143C1 - Method of production, transportation and storage of bulk products such as flour, and/or groats, siftings, flour mixtures, and/or combined feeds, method of production, transportation and storage of groats and method of production, transportation and storage of combined feeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food-processing industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves producing at least one container with filtering surface diameter exceeding that of air-permeable portion by 1.002 - 230 times; forming filtering surface so that it acquires the shape of spatial enclosure of constant and/or variable curvature or combined configuration with maximum distance between its apex and plane coinciding with at least one nonlinear length of contour of air-permeable portion, or between its apex and plane of horizontal projection of related air-permeable portion, ranging between 0.02 to 78 recited diameters of air-permeable portion. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and reduced raw material loss by increased quality and efficiency of aspiration process. 718 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the food industry, and in particular to methods for producing, transporting and storing bulk products such as flour and / or cereals, bran, flour mixtures and / or compound feeds and can be used in combines and / or flour mills, cereals, feed mills and / or workshops of this profile of various production plants, as well as in the manufacturing, processing, transporting and storage units of agricultural organizations.

 The known accepted for the closest analogue of the first claimed method is the method of obtaining, transporting and storing bulk products such as flour and / or cereals, bran, flour mixtures and / or animal feed, providing for post-harvest processing, delivery, quality control and supply of raw grain to storage and / or elevators, storage, preparation of grain for grinding by preliminary cleaning at the elevator, transportation to the grain cleaning department of the elevator, and / or flour mill, and / or cereal, and / or compound feed of workshops and / or plants, cleaning of weeds and / or grains and / or metallomagnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, separation of at least a single surface treatment of the grain in scouring, and / or brush, and / or peeling systems, hydrothermal processing by wetting and subsequent baking of grain, winnowing and aspiration of the product after processing, at least in part of systems with separation and directing of grain and / or waste into the main and / or reserve storage tanks with lids, and / or bins using calling, at least on part of pneumatic conveying operations with simultaneous aspiration of the product by passing air through the filter surface of at least one container connected to the aspiration system, control of grain and / or waste in separators and / or borates and / or aspirators with the release of suitable grain and / or mineral impurities and / or broken grain, crushing, aspiration and at least one repeated cleaning, grinding by single or multiple sequential passage of grain crushing products through milling and / or grinding systems to produce flour of the required and / or required varieties and / or cereals of the required and / or required varieties, bran, flour mixtures and / or ingredients for animal feed, packaging and transportation to bins and / or warehouses and / or shipment to the consumer (see V.A. Butkovsky, E.M. Melnikov. Technology of flour, cereal and animal feed production (with the basics of ecology). M. VO "Agropromizdat", 1989, p. 32-246, 258-343, 369-435).

 In the second part of the claimed method, the closest known method adopted as the closest analogue is a method for the production, transportation and storage of flour, which includes post-harvest processing, delivery, quality control and supply of raw grain to storages and / or elevators, storage, preparation of grain to grinding by preliminary cleaning at the elevator, transportation to the grain cleaning department of the elevator, and / or flour mill, and / or workshop, and / or plant, cleaning of weeds, and / or grain out and / or metallomagnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, separation of at least a single surface treatment of the grain in scouring, or brush, and / or peeling systems, hydrothermal treatment by wetting and subsequent curing, winnowing and aspiration of the product after processing, at least as far as systems with separation and transfer of grain and / or waste into the main and / or reserve storage tanks with lids and / or bins are concerned, using at least part of the operations pneumatic transport with simultaneous aspiration of the product by passing air through the filter surface of at least one container connected to the aspiration system, controlling grain and / or waste in separators and / or borates and / or aspirators with the release of suitable grain and / or mineral impurities, and / or beaten grain, and / or flour, and / or husk, crushing, aspiration and at least one repeated cleaning, grinding by single or multiple sequential passage of grain crushing products through the grinding and / or grinding systems with the receipt of flour of the required and / or required varieties and by-products, packaging and transportation to bins, and / or warehouses, and / or storages, and / or shipment to the consumer (see above book, pp. 32-245).

 In the third claimed method, the closest known analogue to the accepted method of obtaining, transporting and storing cereals, including post-harvest processing, delivery, quality control and supply of raw grain to storage and / or elevators, storage, preparation of grain for grinding by preliminary cleaning at the elevator, transportation to the grain cleaning department of the elevator, and / or cereal shop, and / or plant, cleaning of weed impurities and / or impurities of grains of other crops, and / or metal magnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, separation, at least once, processing in magnetic and stone separation systems, hydrothermal treatment, treatment in husking systems, winnowing and aspiration after processing, at least in part of systems with separation of peeling products and grain direction and / or waste into the main and / or reserve storage tanks with lids and / or bins using at least part of the pneumatic transport operations with simultaneous aspiration of the product by blowing air through the filtering surface of at least one container connected to the aspiration system, controlling grain and / or waste in separators and / or aspirators with the release of suitable grain and / or broken grain, sorting, aspiration and / or winnowing, passing through magnetic devices with the selection of cereals of the required variety or varieties, packaging and transportation to bins and / or warehouses and / or shipment to the consumer (see the above book, p. 258-343).

 The closest analogue to the fourth claimed method is a method for producing, transporting and storing compound feeds, which includes post-harvest processing, delivery, quality control and supply of raw grain to storage facilities and / or elevators, preparation of grain for grinding by preliminary cleaning at the elevator, transportation to the grain cleaning department of the elevator and / or feed mill and / or plant, cleaning of weeds, and / or grains, and / or metallomagnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, separators at least one-time treatment of the grain surface in scouring, and / or brush, and / or peeling systems, hydrothermal treatment by moistening and subsequent coagulation of grain, winnowing and aspiration of the product after processing, at least in part of systems with separation and sending grain and / or waste to the main and / or reserve storage tanks with lids and / or bins using at least part of pneumatic conveying operations with simultaneous aspiration of the product by passing air through a pouring surface of at least one container connected to an aspiration system, controlling grain and / or waste in separators and / or borates and / or aspirators with the release of suitable grain and / or mineral impurities and / or crushed grain, crushing, aspiration and, at least, one-time repeated cleaning, grinding by single or multiple sequential passage of grain crushing products through the grinding and / or grinding systems to obtain ingredients for animal feed (see above book, p. 369-435).

 The disadvantages of the known methods are the relatively high losses of flour and other raw materials in the production process due to insufficient use in the delivery, and / or unloading, and / or supply of raw materials to the aspiration process using pneumatic conveying.

 The objective of the present invention is to reduce the loss of feedstock at the stage of its supply, and / or delivery, and / or unloading, and / or pneumatic transportation through the use of a highly reliable filter surface of the aspiration system.

 The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of obtaining, transporting and storing bulk products such as flour and / or cereals, bran, flour mixtures and / or animal feed, providing for post-harvest processing, delivery, quality control and supply of raw grain to storage and / or elevators, storage, preparation of grain for grinding by preliminary cleaning at the elevator, transportation to the grain cleaning department of the elevator, and / or flour mill, and / or cereals, and / or feed shops and / or plants, about sources from weeds and / or grains and / or metal-magnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, separation of at least a single surface treatment of the grain in scouring and / or brushing and / or peeling systems, hydrothermal treatment by moistening and then grain , winnowing and aspirating the product after processing, at least in part of systems with separation and directing grain and / or waste into the main and / or reserve storage tanks with lids and / or bins using at least on the part of pneumatic conveying operations with simultaneous aspiration of the product by passing air through the filter surface of at least one container connected to the aspiration system, controlling grain and / or waste in separators and / or borates, and / or aspirators with the release of suitable grain, and / or mineral impurities, and / or broken grain, crushing, aspiration and at least one re-cleaning, grinding by single or multiple sequential passage of grain crushing products through grinding and / or grinding systems for producing flour of the required varieties and / or cereals of the required and / or required varieties, bran, flour mixtures and / or compound feeds, packaging and transportation to bins, and / or warehouses and / or shipment to the consumer, when carrying out aspiration, the container and / or containers are connected to the suction unit and / or with each other with the possibility of combined and / or selective switching of at least one additional duct and the formation of the filter surface area of at least one container with an excess of the area corresponding the surface of this container in the range from 1.002 to 230 reduced diameters of the area of the airtight section, and the shape of the filter surface in the form of a spatial shell of constant and / or variable curvature or a combined configuration with a maximum distance of its apex from the plane, at least with one non-linear segment of the contour of the translucent section or from the horizontal plane of the projection of the corresponding translucent section at a distance of 0.02 to 78 Diameter aeroprozrachnogo area portion.

 At the same time, when carrying out the aspiration process, at least one air filter insert can be used as a filter surface, which is installed in the lid cavity of the main and / or reserve storage containers, or at least one air filter membrane serving as a filter surface is used at the same time with the cover of the main and / or reserve storage tank, or at least one insert for filtering the supplied air is used as a filter surface, a cat an open one is installed in the upper part of the wall of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, and in this case, the insert for filtering the supplied air is made in the form of a fragment of a cylindrical surface or double curvature or in the form of a concave or convex-concave or convex polyhedron the surface of the walls of the tank, or in a combined form from a combination of straight and / or curved sections, or in the form of a continuous ring or discrete shell.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least one air-filtering element can be used as a filter surface, which is made in the form of a removable shell, while in the upper part of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, a cut is made in which a shell with air-filtering elements, the cut-out area being at least 1% of the cross-sectional area of the corresponding container with a multifaceted configuration or at least 2.3% of the cross-sectional area the value of the corresponding capacity of cylindrical or variable curvature or combined configuration.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least two air filter inserts, air filter membranes, inserts for filtering the supplied air and air filter elements can be used as a filter surface, while the area ratio of any two filter elements is 1: 1 15.

 To seal the main and backup storage tanks, any filtering elements that make up the filter surface can be connected to the tanks by means of clamps with sealant, and at least some of the connections are detachable.

 For carrying out preventive or repair work during the aspiration process, the main and / or reserve storage tanks can additionally be equipped with airtight membranes, which are installed to ensure complete cessation of air supply to the replaceable filter element.

 An air filter insert, or an air filter membrane, or an insert for filtering the supplied air, or an air filter element can be made in the form of a shell containing at least one double curvature section, or at least one single curvature section, or combinations thereof, or from combinations of curvilinear and / or straight sections.

 In the process of aspiration, air can be injected to form a shell containing at least one cylindrical or poly-cylindrical section formed by at least two jointed fragments of cylinders of constant and variable curvature, interconnected directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing no less than one conical or polyconic section formed from fragments of conical and / or polyconic curvature directly connected to each other either directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical or poly-cylindrical section formed from fragments of cylindrical and / or poly-cylindrical curvature, interconnected directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical and / or conical and / or spherical and / or spheroidal and / or ellipsoidal and / or parabolic and / or hyparoid and / or toroidal chastka.

 The shell may be provided with an inner frame.

 The filter surface can be made of high-strength woven or fibrous non-woven material, moreover, for example, overcoat cloth is used as high-strength woven material, and for example, as a fibrous non-woven cloth.

The design for aspiration with a filter surface can be made of at least two filter layers with different strength and transmittance, which are arranged in order to increase their strength and transmittance, or fasten together with the formation of cavities, at least one of which, at least at least partially filled with granular filler, while the differentiated throughput in at least one layer is formed to provide a pressure differential between the internal and external nd its surfaces in the range of from 0.1 to 0.2 mPas at operating speeds Suction suspended in an air stream of dispersed particles and the minimum sectional area of the receiving holes of at least 60 microns ² in the filter surface.

 The filtering surface can be subjected to vibrational influences, ensuring the restoration of its transmittance, while the vibrational effects can create by differential pressure in the tank.

 To carry out the aspiration process, additional containers can be installed that are equipped with filters and connected to the general aspiration system with additional air ducts.

 Post-harvest processing can be carried out directly at the cultivation sites, at indoor and / or open currents, and / or at elevators, and / or flour mills, and / or cereals, and / or feed mills and / or plants by accepting grain, forming lots, cleaning, drying, active ventilation and shipment.

 All harvested grain can be processed in places of cultivation according to a three-link system: a combine harvester is a procurement enterprise.

 All grain can be processed at a procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises according to a two-tier system: combine harvesting enterprise.

 Part of the grain can be processed at the procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises, and part remaining in the agricultural complex, at a current or at an agricultural point.

 In post-harvest grain processing, after the arrival of automobile batches, they can take samples, determine the quality and determine the place of unloading grain, weigh on a truck scale, mechanized unloading, after which grain is preliminarily cleaned, in the presence of rice, spikes are separated, in the presence of corn, threshing ears and grain cleaning after threshing, then batches of crops and quality are formed into storage tanks, grain is weighed and transferred to the operational tanks of the elevator, where they dry the grain to a state of storage and cleaning on air screen separators of short impurities, long impurities, stone separation machines, pneumatic sorting tables, air aspirators with the release of suitable grain, cooling it with artificially cooled air, then atmospheric air and sending grain for storage with parallel collection of waste, destruction of unusable, sale of suitable waste and / or their disposal for processing.

 Acceptance of grain and / or its release can be carried out respectively from water transport and to water transport, from railway transport and to railway transport.

 Post-harvest preparation and / or cleaning of the initial grain raw materials can be performed on elevators, including interconnected via silos and / or bunkers, and / or equipment, a working building with technological and transport equipment, a silo building with transport and other equipment, devices for acceptance of grain from cars, and / or wagons, and / or ships, devices for dispensing grain to various types of transport and grain processing enterprises, a waste workshop, an aspiration and waste disposal system.

 In the working building of the elevator, they can be accepted from automobile, railway and water transport, technological processing, quality control or preparation of grinding lots, distribution to silos or warehouses associated with the elevator, vacation to automobile, railway, water transport or to an enterprise.

 In the production of flour, cereals and animal feed, they can carry out the separation of the original grain raw materials in flour mills, cereals or animal feed mills.

 Separation can be carried out by cleaning the grain from impairing conditions for its processing or reducing the quality of the finished product impurities and sorting the grain mixture into fractions of different quality for separate processing.

 The separation can be carried out by thickness, and / or width, and / or length, and / or sectional shape, and / or speed of rotation, and / or density, and / or density and friction coefficient, and / or elasticity and coefficient of impact friction, and / or the coefficient of friction and / or slip and / or rolling, and / or the magnetic susceptibility, and / or the dielectric constant, and / or the reflection coefficient of the light flux.

 Separation can be carried out by acting on the grain mixture with aerodynamic forces and / or bulk inertia forces that vary in magnitude and direction, and / or gravitational gravity with centrifugal inertia and gravity, and / or magnetic and / or electric forces, and / or sequential and / or time-combined exposure to the grain mixture by a combination of forces.

 After separation and separation of various impurities from the grain mixture, the grain surface can be cleaned of mineral dust and / or microorganisms and / or contaminants and / or particles of fruit membranes.

 The grain surface can be cleaned in flour mills by treating grain in scouring machines with an abrasive surface or with a steel cylinder, and then in brushing machines in a dry and / or wet way using washing machines.

 In enterprises with mechanical and pneumatic transport of grain products, radial scouring machines with an emery or steel cylinder and brushing machines can be used, and the peripheral speed of the scouring drum is selected depending on the hardness of the processed crop, increasing for softer grain and decreasing for harder grain.

The peripheral speed of the scouring drum for rye can be taken equal to 15-18 m / s, for soft wheat 13-15 m / s, for durum wheat 10-11 m / s, and processing is carried out to obtain the grain surface without damage, and dust ash not less than 10%
Processing in brushing machines can be performed before separating the exfoliated particles of the shells and removing dust from the surface and from the groove of the grain and receiving waste in an amount of 0.2-0.3% with respect to the weight of the grain with an ash content of 4.0-4.5%; during the processing, the clearance between the working surfaces of the brushes is controlled while maintaining its value in the range from 3 to 6 mm.

 When cleaning the surface of the grain, mainly rye, in husking machines they can remove the upper, most contaminated shells, mineral dust, bacteria and molds while reducing the ash content by 0.10-0.11% fiber content by 0.92 0.96% and increasing the relative starch content by 2.44 2.62% and bulk density by 56 58 g / l.

 Processing in washing machines can subject grain, mainly defective, smut-affected, or bitter worm, and the grain is cleaned of dust and microorganisms with the simultaneous release of heavy and light impurities.

 Grain processing in a washing machine can be carried out by rising jets of water, which are created by a rotating screw, moving the grain and keeping it in suspension, and the released mineral impurities-stones and sand are moved in the lower level in the opposite direction, collected in appropriate periodically emptied containers moreover, from the washing bath, the grain is fed into the alloy chamber, in which light mixtures float and periodically are removed, and then, under water pressure, the grain is fed into the squeezing column from the same TERM its rinsing and dewatering produce grain and its peeling, wherein the washing water is purified in the liquid separator.

 Before cleaning, coagulant aluminum sulfate can be added to the washing water in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5%, and after cleaning, the bacteriologically clean centrate is returned to the grain washing plant.

 Simultaneously with the grain washing, they can be treated with ultrasound and / or ultraviolet irradiation, and / or hydrocyclones are used.

 Washing water can be cleaned by sending it to a grain collector, separating large impurities, after which the water is sent to a separator where it is purified, then the filtered water is poured into the chlorination tank, and after settling, the purified and disinfected water is pumped into the tank, mixed with clean water and returned to the grain washing, and the separated large impurities are squeezed in a press and dried in a screw dryer.

 Hydrothermal processing of grain can be carried out in flour mills and cereals to directionally change the initial technological properties of grain and to enhance differences in the properties of shells and endosperm, and when hydrothermally processed in a flour mill, the strength of the endosperm is reduced, and the strength of the shells is increased, and when hydrothermally processed in a cereal plant, the strength of the endosperm increase, and the strength of the shells reduce.

 Hydrothermal processing of grain at the flour mill can be carried out by cold or hot or high-speed conditioning. Cold conditioning is carried out by wetting the grain and then draining, moreover, wetting is carried out by washing or by feeding the estimated amount of drip-liquid water to the grain mass. High-vitreous grains after trimming can be moistened and re-trimmed.

 Hot conditioning can be carried out by washing, treating in an air-to-water air conditioner and smoothing. Before processing in an air-water conditioner, the grain can be processed in a steamer or steam column until the desired temperature is obtained by the grain. Before wetting, the grain can be dampened.

 High-speed conditioning can be carried out by short-term steaming, keeping in a heated state in a thermally insulated crate and subsequent washing with cold tap water.

 After washing, the grain can be processed in a dehumidifier or dampened.

 Hydrothermal treatment at cereals: Greek, oat and pea plants can be done by steaming in batch or continuous units and subsequent drying to increase the strength of the core and the fragility of the flower films to increase the efficiency of the peeling process.

 Peeling of grain in cereal plants can be carried out on mills, and / or on machines with rubber rolls, and / or on peeling machines, and / or on peeling machines with abrasive disks and a steel surface, and / or on scouring (scouring) machines.

 Peeling of grain in cereals can be done either by creating compressive and shear forces, causing chipping and breaking of the films during grain processing on mills, and / or machines with rubber rolls and / or on peeling machines, or by friction on an abrasive and steel surface which causes scraping of the shells during prolonged processing on a peeling machine, or by exposure to a blow causing splitting of the shells and the accompanying frictional effect of an abrasive or metal surface ty details of scouring and scouring machines.

 For peeling buckwheat, they can use a valdedec machine with a deck, in which the radius of curvature is equal to the radius of the roll, while in the working position the deck is moved parallel to the roll so that the working surface of the deck is offset relative to the surface of the roll, and when processing buckwheat of the first and second fractions, the peripheral speed of the roll take 14 15 m / s, the third and fourth 12 14 m / s, the fifth and sixth 10 12 m / s, and the length of the arc of the working area of the deck 180 200 mm.

 For peeling millet, you can use a maker with a roll of abrasive mass and a peripheral speed of 15 m / s, and technical rubber decks with fabric layers and an arc length of 300 mm.

 For peeling millet, they can use a waldeck machine with two decks and the grain is subjected to double processing.

 For rice peeling, machines with rubber rolls rotating towards each other at different speeds can be used, which are set with a gap relative to each other equal to 0.6 0.8 mm, and the ratio of the peripheral speed of the fast-rotating and the peripheral speed of the slow-rotating roll is 1.45.

 For peeling oats and rice, they can be used with a lower runner and two disks, the working surface of which is covered with abrasive mass, one of which is stationary and the other is mounted on a vertical rotating shaft, and the peripheral speed of the rotating disk is taken with primary peeling 13 15 m / s, and when peeling off similar products 12 m / s.

 For peeling barley, wheat, oats with a moisture content of more than 13% and corn, percussion flushing striking machines can be used, moreover, peeling of grain with a moisture content of more than 14% is carried out at higher speeds than peeling of dry grain, while when peeling off similar products, the peripheral speed of pests is taken no more than 20 m / s, at the first peeling of wheat 16 18 m / s, at the second 14 m / s, at peeling of oats 20 22 m / s, and corn 10 14 m / s.

 Grinding can be carried out single and / or repeated. Repeat grinding can be simple. Repeat grinding can be difficult: without enrichment of grains during rye grinding, or with a shortened enrichment process, or with a developed enrichment process.

 A simple re-grinding may include one torn process or torn and shortened grinding.

 Complex repeat grinding may include torn and developed grinding process or torn, enrichment process, grinding and grinding.

 The seeded and peeled flour, or only seeded flour, can be obtained by complex grinding without enriching the grains, and the intermediate products that are obtained from torn systems are subjected to grinding on grinding systems.

 Rye can be ground into peeled flour by selecting intermediate products from the first torn system in the form of a mixture of grains and dunsts, selecting the maximum amount of flour from the first three torn systems and separating the remaining particles of endosperm from the shells on subsequent torn systems, with intermediate products being fed to the first grinding a system for grinding into flour, and after the rollers of all tattered systems, scouring machines are installed for additional grinding of similar products and sorting them into two fractions.

 Rye can be ground into peeled flour on five torn and two grinding systems with grain skipping after the roller machines of torn systems through scouring machines, and grinding the by-products of the last torn system is carried out by passing through a grinding machine, and for sowing the mealy products obtained by passing sieves of this machine, they use a special sorting system, with the descent of a grinding machine sieve, they get large shells that are sent to bran, and the flour is sifted out on a special sorting system, stumble in controlling sieving, and the gathering is obtained finer particles shells, which are transmitted in the bran.

 Seeded and peeled flour with a total yield of 80% and seeded flour with a yield of 63% can be obtained by complex grinding of rye without enriching the grains by passing through 4 5 torn systems and 3 4 grinding, and before the first torn system use preparatory crushing or crushing system, and seeded flour with a yield of 63%, due to heterogeneity in ash content, is sent to the control sifting in two streams, each of which is made from flour of similar quality, followed by mixing.

 Sowed flour with a yield of 15–30% and peeled with a yield of 65–50% can be obtained by passing grain through one preparation, five torn and four grinding systems, and the seeded flour taken from the first and second torn, from the first and second grinding systems by passage of the upper sieves, and peeled - by the passage of the lower sieves from the first and second torn, from the first and second grinding and from all other systems, while the flour of each grade separately sent to the control sieving.

 Milling rye into wallpaper flour can be carried out by passing grain through roller mills and scouring machines, sequentially transferring the descent from scouring machines and screenings, starting from the first torn system, from one system to another, and from the last to bran.

Krupchatka, flour of the highest, first, second grades and wallpaper are obtained from soft wheat, and krupchatka in the amount of 100% can be obtained with three-grade and two-sorted grinding, premium flour with three-sorted grinding with a yield of 10 35% and with two-grade grinding with a yield of 10 40% first grade flour with a single-grade grinding with a yield of 72% with a two-grade with outputs 33 50% 40 60% and 32 62% and with a three-grade grinding with a yield of 30 50% second-grade flour with a single, two and three-grade grinding, and wallpaper with a single-grade grinding with a yield of 96%
Wallpaper flour can be produced with simple repeat grinding of wheat or a mixture of grain consisting of 70% wheat and 30% rye.

 Flour of the second grade with a yield of 85% can be obtained by grinding wheat in five torn, three sieve and five grinding systems, and the grinding of similar products is carried out in a scouring, brushing machine, and also in a roller mill, with similar products obtained from scouring machines and sieve receiving sieves, starting from the first torn system, are sequentially sent from one system to another, from the third and fourth torn to the grinding machines and from the fifth torn system to the brush machine, large grains are sent for subsequent enrichment in the sieve systems from where enriched grains are transferred to the first grinding system, and the grains obtained by the passage of medium sieves of the first system are sent to the control second sieve system, with which, through the passage of the first sieves, fine fractions of large grains are obtained, which are transferred to the first grinding system, and by the passage of other sieves get the finished product semolina in the amount of 2% while the grinding regimes for grinding systems set to the maximum extraction of flour from each system with a minimum ash content and to receive after her system is not more than 4% skhodovyh products.

 Flour of the first and second grades with a total yield of 75 78% can be obtained by grinding wheat in five torn systems, the second and third of which are divided into large and small with a total sifting of the products of grinding, and after the roller mills of the first four torn systems, whipping machines are installed, and intermediate products are selected mainly from the first and second torn systems and partially from the third torn systems, the grinding of similar products begins with the third torn system in roller mills and scouring machines, and the enrichment process is carried out on five systems, on one of which semolina is selected, while enrichment is subjected to first-grade coarse grains from the first and second tattered systems, fine grains and hard dunst from sorting systems, and the lower descents from the first, second and third grinding systems are transferred to the first descent, from it to the fifth grinding, and then to the sixth grinding system, the descent from the lower screens of which is sent for additional grinding in a scouring machine, the descent from which is sent to bran.

 Flour of the highest, first and second grades with yields 10 + 50 + 15; 15 + 45 + 15; 20 + 40 + 15; 20 + 45 + 10; 25 + 35 + 15 and 30 + 40 + 5 (total 75%); top, first and second grades with outputs 10 + 40 + 28; 10 + 40 + 28; 15 + 40 + 23; 10 + 45 + 23; 15 + 45 + 18; 20 + 40 + 18; (total 78%), as well as the highest and first grades with yields of 40 + 38% and first grade with a yield of 72% can be obtained as a result of complex re-grinding of wheat with a developed process of enrichment of cereals.

 The enrichment can be carried out either by passing the first quality grits from the first, second, third torn systems through sieve machines and sorting machines, or by passing through the sieve machines second-quality grains from the fourth torn systems, or by passing through the sieve machines grits from grinding systems.

 Grains before enrichment can be grouped, depending on the quality of the flour produced and the productivity of the flour mill, into co-enriched streams of large and medium grains from the first, second, third tattered systems; small grains and hard dunst with sorting systems; large or medium grains from the first and second tattered systems; crayons from the first, second, third tattered systems.

 Together they can enrich coarse grains with the first torn and second torn shallow, middle grains with the first, second, third tattered systems, fine grains with the first and third sorting systems.

During the enrichment of cereals in sieve machines, semolina can be selected with an ash content not exceeding 0.60 when processing soft wheat and 0.85 when processing durum wheat, moreover, the size of semolina is determined by sieving on sieves, while the remainder of the first sieve should not exceed 8 % and the passage of the second 2%
After enrichment in sieve machines, coarse and medium grains from the first, second, third tattered systems and fine grains from sorting systems can be subjected to grinding, which is carried out by their additional processing in roller mills, sifting and enrichment in sieve machines.

 After grinding, they can make grinding into flour flour and dunsts obtained in torn and grinding processes and past enrichment.

 Grinding can be carried out by passing the grains and dunsts through 9 to 12 grinding systems, on three or four of which grind grains and dunsts of the first quality, on the other three or four grinding grits and dunsts of the second quality, on two or three grind and one or two similar system.

 They can produce separate moistening and smoothing of grain by type and glassiness during continuous smoothing.

 Bins for smoothing can be divided into separate groups, each of which is sent a corresponding grade of grain, and the number and capacity of bins for each grade are distinguished by its ratio in the mixture, vitreous, initial and final moisture.

 Separately prepared batches of grain at the mill can be mixed before they are sent to grinding.

 With two-grade grinding, 60 65% of premium flour and at the same time 10 15% of baking flour can be produced, and with three-grade grinding, 30 50% of premium flour, 10 30% of first grade flour and 10 20% of baking flour.

 Macaroni flour can be produced from soft high-grade wheat with a glassiness of at least 60%, and the yield of premium flour (cereals) is 15 30 and 20 35% and the first 35 45%, while 18 23 and 15 20% of the second-grade baking flour is simultaneously obtained.

 Macaroni flour can be produced from durum wheat by passing it through six torn systems, six to eight grinding systems and three to four grinding systems.

 Synthetic vitamins can be added to flour.

 The introduction of vitamins can be done by preparing a vitamin concentrate from a mixture of flour and vitamins, followed by preparation in a mixer of a vitamin mixture for the appropriate grade of flour and dosed introduction of a vitamin mixture and flour into a horizontal mixer, and then at the end.

High-protein flour can be obtained in the form of aspiration rats by aspirating the flour in a unloading cyclone to obtain a 3-12-fold increase in the amount of the fine flour fraction with the size of small particles of starch grains from 1 to 15 microns and the highest protein content from 20 to 25%
High-protein flour can be obtained by feeding the worked-up flour for pneumatic sorting to separate it into a coarse fraction with particles ranging in size from 40 to 200 microns and a low protein content and fine with particles up to 40 microns in size, which are fed for additional grinding into a pin crusher and then for pneumatic sorting with the selection of a thin high-protein fraction with particles not exceeding 17 microns in size, which is sent to the knockout.

 The development of rye flour can be carried out by preparing rye for grinding by pre-cleaning the grain from impurities in the elevator, cleaning the grain from weeds, grains and metal-magnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, cleaning the grain surface in husking and / or cleaning machines with simultaneous aspiration, moistening and subsequent smoothing, repeated cleaning of the grain surface in brush or scouring machines, after which the grain is transferred to the grinding compartment, and grinding is performed to obtain a wallpaper, and / or Dearne, and / or seeded flour.

 Peeling of the grain can produce before separation of the shells in the amount of 3.5 to 4.0% by weight of the grain with a simultaneous decrease in ash and fiber content and an improvement in whiteness.

After preliminary cleaning in the elevator, the grain can be fed into the bins of the flour mill, then passed through heaters until the grain temperature reaches 15 20 ^o C or, without heating, it is dispensed in batches to the grain cleaning department, and then passed through a separator, stone separation machine and trimers and the mixture is separated from the grain mixture parts of weed, grain and metallomagnetic impurities, after which the grain is peeled with simultaneous aspiration and clean the surface of the grain from mineral dust and partially separate fruit shell and the embryo then separated in the second separator is not selected by the first separating impurities and re-formed at grain peeling, and then subjected to cold conditioning.

 In the grinding compartment, the grain can be wetted in a spray apparatus, then cured for 0.3 0.5 hours, then weighed and transferred to the grinding.

 Magnetic barriers can be installed after the first pass through the separator, as well as in front of peeling and brushing machines.

Upon receipt of grain with a moisture content of less than 13.5%, it can be moistened by 0.5
1.0% and cured for 1 to 2 hours

 Grain production can be carried out by processing grain in the grain cleaning, hydrothermal and peeling departments of cereal shops and / or plants, and in the grain cleaning department from the grain accepted for processing, impurities, grains of other crops, underdeveloped and puny grains of the main culture are removed, spines are separated and divided grain in fractions by size, in the hydrothermal compartment, the purified grain is exposed to moisture and heat to increase the yield of cereals, reduce the cooking time and increase the stability of the grain during storage, and in the hulling department, the shells, the embryo are not digestible by the human body, the crumbs are given the desired shape, their appearance is improved and sorted into particles of uniform size, and at least part of the grain and / or the intermediate product is processed aspiration followed by control in magnetic devices.

 In the peeling unit, cereals can simultaneously process by-products.

 At cereal shops and / or plants, cereals can produce cereal flakes, cereals of high biological value and baby flour simultaneously with the production of cereals.

Grain can be cleaned of impurities until millet and oats are obtained with a weed impurity content of not more than 0.3% rice, barley and wheat not more than 0.4% buckwheat and peas not more than 0.5%, and the grain is cleaned to contain mineral impurities for all crops except peas, not more than 0.1% in peas not more than 0.05% and the content of cockle in oats and wheat not more than 0.1%
The grain is subjected to preliminary cleaning in an elevator with simultaneous aspiration, after which the grain is fed into bins, weighed on an automatic balance, then at least twice cleaned in separators, and during the first cleaning completely large impurities and at least 80% of small and light are separated impurities that form non-feed waste, while the size of the holes of the screening screens of the separator is taken to correspond to the grain size, and the size of the holes of the sowing screen to select fine impurities, after separation of grain they are lowered through magnetic apparatuses to separate the bulk of the metal-magnetic impurities, then the grain is passed through stone separating machines, triers, and at the end of the treatment they are aspirated, passed through magnetic apparatuses, weighed on an automatic balance and the amount of waste is determined by the difference in the readings of the scales, and then the grain is sent to hydrothermal or peeling department.

 When processing buckwheat, sorting into fractions can be combined with the selection of difficultly separated impurities on sieves with triangular openings.

 Hydrothermal treatment can be performed by steaming grain, smoothing, drying and cooling.

 In the peeling unit, grain can be sorted by size, then peeled, then sorted (enriched) of peeling products, crushing or cutting the kernel, grinding the cereals, polishing, sorting by size and control of cereals and waste.

 From millet millet can be ground polished, buckwheat from buckwheat, minced, Smolensk cereal, uncut oat, crushed oat flakes, Hercules flakes, pulp, rice from grain, polished rice, polished rice, crushed rice, rice cereal, expanded rice (air), from barley pearl barley, barley, barley flattened, from Poltava wheat, Artek, semolina, wheat flakes, polished corn grits, crushed corn (rice and ordinary), cereal cereals for flakes and for corn sticks, peas, peeled whole peas th, shelled peas crushed peas polished; and also produce cereals from sorghum, chumiza and lentils.

 Popped rice, popcorn and baby flour can be made from un-cooked cereals.

Rice can use grain types: oblong wide grain, oblong narrow and thin grain, rounded grain. When taken for storage, rice can be placed separately according to variety, moisture, weediness and content of yellowed grains, and raw and wet grain is dried to a moisture content of 13.5-14.5%
In the grain-cleaning department of the rice factory, they can weigh the grain that is being processed, isolate weed and grain impurities, sort by size into two fractions, additional fractional cleaning of weed millet seeds, weigh the purified grain, and monitor and process waste.

 After preliminary cleaning at the elevator, the grain can be fed into bins, weighed on an automatic balance and subjected to double sequential separation, the sorted grain is separated by grain size separately through stone separation machines to select mineral impurities, after which grain is screened in aspirators, then passed through magnetic apparatuses, weighed on automatic scales, sent to bins for refined grains, and from them to the peeling department.

 Before peeling can carry out hydrothermal processing of rice grains.

 As a result of flaking rice grains, they can obtain a product consisting of a mixture of hulled and unshelled rice, crushed grains, flour and husks, and sorting and separate processing are carried out: unhulled grain for repeated peeling, whole and crushed kernel for grinding, mainly separate , the flour and husk waste is separated and sent for control, and after peeling, the product is sent for two consecutive aspiration and husks are removed in the aspirator along with the flour, and the husk mixture and unshelled grains, together with the crushed core, are sent to coarse separation machines, and the coarse separation mode is set to ensure that the product contains unpeeled grains of not more than 2%, after which the grain is fed for grinding.

 Grinding can be carried out in grinding machines until the fruit and seed membranes, the aleuron layer and the germ are separated from the core, and after processing in grinding machines, the product is sieved with the release of the crushed core and flour and sifted in aspirators with separation of the shells and small particles of flour, and in the production of polished the rice core after grinding machines is directed to sorting and control of cereals, and then to packaging, and in the production of polished rice, the core after grinding is sorted in sieving, in which the flour is isolated and crusher, and then sent to polishing machines.

 Grains can be polished by double processing in polishing machines to remove flour and scratches from the surface of polished rice.

 When polishing rice with semi-glassy varieties, it can be steamed before polishing.

 After polishing, the grains can be sorted, and the flour that has passed through the sieve of the shells of the polishing sets is sent for control.

 After grinding and polishing, rice cereals can be sorted to isolate crushed rice and flour, moreover, crushed rice is additionally ground and sieved to separate the flour, and whole rice is passed through control coarse separation machines to select accidentally ingested impurities and unshelled grains, each cereal variety is aspirated, controlled in magnetic devices and after weighing sent to the packaging.

 The flour and husk can be processed to select a valuable kernel in sieving machines, at least part of the flour is granulated, oil is produced, and cake or meal is used for fodder purposes, and after fine grinding the husk is used in the production of animal feed, or for the hydrolysis method processing into fodder yeast, or for the production of furfural, tar oil, casein, synthetic rubber in the chemical industry, construction and furniture industry, for the manufacture of wrapping paper and paperboard in paper industry, for the production of gas.

 As a result of the processing of rice-grains, they can receive rice of the highest, first and second grades, crushed, fodder flour, husk, non-feed waste and feed waste.

 From oats, cereal conditions can produce oat groats not crushed (steamed), oat flakes (Hercules), flake flakes, boiled flakes and oatmeal.

 After preliminary cleaning, the oats in the elevator separators can be fed into bins, and as the grain is fed, the grain is weighed on an automatic balance, then it is passed through two-, three-time sequential separation, and then fine grain is removed through magnetic devices, the oats are sent to doll-picking machines, then for aspiration and weighing, and then to the hydrothermal treatment workshop.

 After weighing in the factory with pneumatic transport of processed products, oats can be subjected to sequential separation after weighing in an automatic balance, with the first of which the grains are cleaned of the bulk of impurities, and with the second and third, they are also cleaned of impurities and divided into two fractions, after which each fraction is treated separately which are aspirated and produce weeds and light grains, and in the sorting machine and triera, fine oats and cockles and other short impurities, respectively, are isolated; the weight is weighed and sent to a separate bunker, from where, as they accumulate, they are returned to the elevator or sent to the waste workshop.

 For control, a burate and an aspirator can be installed in the waste workshop and first the waste is sifted through a system of sieves of borate, after which the disintegration from the borate is fed to an aspirator, the selected full grain is connected to the stream, which is sent for further purification, and transferred to bins for waste.

Hydrothermal treatment of oats can be carried out by steaming, drying and cooling, and during steaming and drying, maintain a temperature of 65 90 ^o C, and after drying and cooling, the oats are immediately sent for peeling.

Oats can be steamed at a vapor pressure of 0.1 MPa for 2 minutes, and drying is carried out until a moisture content of not more than 11% is reached
Oats can be cooled by aspiration, and after hydrothermal treatment, the grain is additionally separated and small oats are selected.

 Uncrushed polished oatmeal can be produced by sorting grain before peeling, grinding, control of cereals and waste, and oats are sorted into two fractions in the plants at the plants, after which each fraction is processed separately, and small and puny grains not selected in the grain cleaning department are selected .

Peeling can be carried out once or repeatedly in sets and / or scouring machines, and grain with a moisture content of 13.0 to 13.5% is used, while peeling is carried out to ensure the amount of crushed core particles after the first peeling is not more than 4% and after selection from husk husking products and crushed particles, the content of the core in a mixture with unshelled grains is at least 85%
Sorting of peeling products can be carried out by separating crushed grains and powdery particles, winnowing husks by aspiration and selecting unshelled grains from the kernel to direct them to peeling again.

 A mixture of husked, unshelled grains and husks can be aspirated, moreover, husk can be completely removed by double sequential aspiration after treatment in the main peeling systems and single aspiration after passing through the descent system, and after husk winding, the product is sent to large separation machines, in which they are more completely separated mixtures, after which the core is sent for grinding, and the unshelled grains are sent to a descent peeling machine for repeated peeling.

 When grinding the oat kernel, they can remove pubescence hairs, fruit and seed membranes, and the germ, and grinding is carried out at least twice, and after grinding, the cereal is sieved, barley, wheat are isolated immediately and crushed fodder grain is taken out immediately, after which the cereal is exposed double aspiration, controlled in magnetic devices, weighed and sent to bins.

 Peeling waste can be controlled in the borate, then the flour is sifted out, and the crushed core is collected immediately, which is aspirated and sent to the bins, the husk is also sent to the burat, the flour with the feed crusher is sifted through a sieve, and the suction is double aspirated. , the selected core or grain is sent to the grain separators, and the husk after weighing into the hopper with a lock gate, from which it is fed by pneumatic transport to the husk warehouse or to the briquetting workshop.

Steamed oatmeal can produce premium and first grades with humidity for long-term storage not higher than 12.5% and for current consumption no more than 14%
Millet can be produced from millet, predominantly white and cream, and from varieties of millet with a vitreous core by processing in a grain-cleaning and peeling department, and in the grain-cleaning department they process wheat from oats, buckwheat, chernushka, thousand-head and buckwheat by sifting on systems sieves and suction plants, while the prosozavod carry out three sequential separation using sieves tilted at an angle of 6-8 ^o to obtain a large and fine fraction of wasp and the release of fine, feeble grains and small impurities, after which both flows of coarse and fine millet are separately directed to aspiration with a closed air cycle and the large but underdeveloped grains of millet are sifted out, after which they are cleaned in stone separation machines, and after cleaning from impurities the millet is weighed and sent to the peeling department, and the waste obtained during the cleaning of the millet is divided into feed and non-feed and only the feed waste or separately the feed and non-feed waste is controlled.

 Polished millet can be obtained by completely freeing millet kernels from color films, partly from fruit and seed shells, the germ and processing in grinding machines.

 After peeling, millet can sort the products of peeling, grinding, grinding millet, sorting and control of millet and waste.

Peeling can be done by double sequential processing of millet in valdedec machines, mainly two-deck, with obtaining husked grains of not less than 99.7% and crushed kernels of not more than 5%
Products resulting from peeling can be sorted in sieving or double aspiration, and the selected relays are controlled in sieving machines, and after peeling, the products are sifted twice, and then the resulting millet millet is processed in grinders to produce polished millet.

 Upon receipt of buckwheat groats, grain preparation for processing can be carried out by cleaning grain from impurities in two or three separation systems in air-sieve separators, cereal sifters, triers, stone separation machines and aspirators, using sieves with triangular openings and buckwheat grain fractionation into two fractions , each of which is sent separately to subsequent sieving systems, while after two separation in sieving, difficultly separable and large impurities are first isolated, and during processing in the following systems plansifters isolated trudnootdelimye impurities and fine, and latest komneotdelitelnye fed to the machine, and passed through a large fraction ovsyugootborochnye machines and long removed impurities, wherein the waste is controlled in kruposortirovkah.

 The grains can be hydrothermally treated by passing through steamers, vertical steam dryers and cooling columns.

 When processing grain into buckwheat, grain in sifting can be divided into six fractions, after which it is calibrated to obtain no more than 2-6% grains in each grain fraction and then each of the six fractions is separately peeled and sorted by peeling products.

 The nucleus isolated after sorting the products of peeling of all fractions can be combined and sent to control the nucleus.

 The husk isolated after sorting the products of peeling of all fractions can be combined.

 Separated after sorting the products of peeling of all fractions prodel with flour can be combined.

 Peeling of the grain can be made in valdedek machines.

 After husks are separated in aspirators, the remaining unshelled grains can be returned for re-peeling in valcedec machines.

 The control of the nucleus in coarse sorting or sieving can be carried out in two streams, the first of which combines the nucleus obtained from the peeling systems of the first, second, third and fourth fractions, and the second stream - the nucleus from the peeling systems of the pata and sixth fractions.

 Prodel can be controlled on sieves with openings measuring 1.6 x 2.0 mm, the passage is divided into two fractions, and the exit from the sieves is sent to control the nucleus.

 After control, each fraction can be suctioned, husk is isolated, and then both fractions are pooled.

 Barley groats can be produced from barley, which is fed into the bins, and then subjected to three-fold sequential separation, and on the first separation system, non-feed waste is separated by passage through a sowing sieve, then the grain is cleaned in magnetic devices, subjected to two-time sequential separation, and passage through sowing sieves produce a fine fraction, from which fine and punctured barley grain is taken in borates or sorting machines, after which I weigh the fine (feed) barley t and sent to the bunker.

 Small barley can be returned to the elevator for recycling.

 After sieving fine grain, barley can be sent to a stone separation machine, and then to a puppet picker, and then barley is peeled by three to four successive processing in a washing machine, after which the product is aspirated to separate husk to obtain a penny.

 Five barley pearls can produce pearl barley by crushing large grains, grinding and polishing cereals, sorting pearl barley by size (numbers), and controlling cereals and waste.

 Grinding can be carried out by three sequential processing in grinding machines.

Polishing can be performed by sequential processing of cereals for 2
3 polishing systems, then the cereals are sorted by size and controlled in suction units, and then in magnetic devices, and after sifting out the flour, the cereals are sent to grain sorting or screening, where they are sorted into five numbers.

 Barley groats can be produced by cleaning barley from impurities and then sending the grain to the washing machines, where they are peeled until the flower films are completely removed from the surface of the kernel, and then the penjack is polished twice, moreover, the grain is crushed on four consecutive roller systems, after each of which the products are sorted in sieving, grouped by size and aspirate, the debris from the first sieve of sieving is sent to the next system, and the flour to control.

 After grinding, barley groats can be sorted into three fractions according to size, each fraction is aspirated, cleaned in magnetic devices and sent to bins, at the same time control the flour and husks.

 Poltava and Artek can polish wheat grits from hard wheat (Durum) of type II vitreous by triple separation of grain, in which, in addition to fodder and non-feed waste, fine grains are isolated on the second and third separation systems, then punctured grains are sifted out of this fraction, which attributed to fodder waste, and after separation, the grain is cleaned in stone separation, and then in doll-picking and oats-sorting machines, and wheat is also sent to scouring machines with an abrasive surface For preliminary peeling, moreover, after each peeling system, the grain is aspirated and the waste is sifted, after which the purified wheat from impurities and partially peeled wheat is sent to the husking department, and the waste after scrubbing systems and aspirators are controlled in a sieving machine, isolating large parts of crushed grain that are sent to peeling department, where four numbers of Poltava groats and Artek groats are produced by moistening wheat before grinding, three sequential grinding in machines, sorting Nia products after grinding, polishing and polished cereal waste control, the rump of each room after the screening was subjected to aspiration, is controlled in magnetic devices, weighed and fed into the bins.

 Pea groats can be produced by processing peas in cereal plants into husked peas (whole polished grains) and crushed peas (cotyledon particles) by pre-cleaning the peas, sending them to bins, then weighing them in an automatic balance and double cleaning the impurities in the separator, and groats impurities are removed immediately from the receiving and upper screens of the separators, small ones (seeds of different plants, crushed peas) are selected on the sowing screen, in the separators, punctured grains of various cereals are isolated, peas and organic impurities per week are fed by grain, and after separators and magnetic apparatus, peas are sent to sorting machines, where small peas and large impurities are separated from the bulk of the grain, and grain is passed through to separate lentils, vetch, and defective peas that have a non-spherical shape through belt peeling machines, and after cleaning the grain from impurities, good-quality peas are passed through an automatic scale and sent for hydrothermal treatment, and then for peeling and polishing.

Hydrothermal treatment can be carried out by moisturizing the steaming, drying and cooling of peas to a temperature not exceeding 25 ^o C, after which the peas are weighed and sent without peeling.

 In the peeling department, whole peas can be produced and chopped peas are polished by sorting to peeling, peeling, sorting peeling products, polishing cereals and control, and before peeling, the peas are sorted into two or three fractions, the whole peas are peeled by double processing, and after the first system the product, consisting of shelled and unshelled whole peas, halves, chop, flour and husk, is sent to sifting and descent sieves for large peas and sieves for small peas emit whole peas husked and peeled with a large husk and direct this product to the second peeling systems, the gathering of other sieves (chopped peas) and large parts of the pea kernel are sent to grinding machines, and particles of the crushed kernel (grain) are emitted by passing through these sieves, which are aspirated, and then sent to a roller mill and processed into pea flour, and in the machines of the second system, the peeling of whole peas is completed, and the products obtained after the second peeling are sorted in sieving, the whole kernel of peeled peas is exposed m aspiration, then control or polished, and the remaining products batters core particles and crushed Muchka attached to similar products obtained after the first system, and treated with them.

 Before polishing, the cereal can be sent to a horizontal screw steamer with driers in which, at a vapor pressure of 0.03 MPa, the thin surface layer of the cereal is moistened until soft, and then the cereal is sent to a polishing or brush machine, and after polishing, the cereal is sorted, whole polished peas are obtained immediately sieve, and chopped polished peas by the descent of other sieves, grains sorted by size are suctioned, cleaned in magnetic apparatus, then sent to bins, sifted after suction Separated Muchka, winnowing to the aspirator with the release of core particles, and pea husk is used as the feedstuff.

 Semolina type cereals can be produced from chopped ground peas by crushing pea kernels into two large fractions of large fractions: large and medium, in two rollers, followed by sorting of products in the sifter after each system, then I aspirate the groats, control them in magnetic machines and serve for packing .

Corn can produce crushed three-dimensional corn grits, polished corn grits, large cereals for flakes and small cereals for the production of corn sticks; moreover, silica yellow, siliceous white and semi-toothy white corn with a moisture content of not more than 15% and a weed content of not more than 2%
Before the production of cereals, corn can be cleaned twice by separation with the separation of weed seeds of wild-growing and cultivated plants, with crushed, corroded and underdeveloped grains of flint and tooth-shaped corn, small grains of popcorn (rice and pearl barley) and other foreign inclusions are classified as grain impurities and sent to feed waste.

 If there is a mineral impurity in the grain, the grain can be passed through a stone separation machine, and the passage through the sowing screens of the separators is sorted on sieves and divided into feed and non-feed.

When cleaning grain, they can prepare for separation of the embryo by moistening the grain with water at a temperature of 40 ^o C with a moisture content of 15 to 16%, after which the silica corn is cured for 3 hours, and powdery corn is steamed for 2 hours or steamed instead of moisturizing and curing, with a pressure of 0.07 MPa for 3-5 minutes with a moisture content of 16%, after which grain is processed.

 Processing of cleaned and prepared grain can be done by crushing, selecting the germ, grinding cereals, sorting and control of cereals and waste.

 Crushing of grain can be carried out in grinders (de-determinants) or rollers with roller cutting: at the top ring-shaped, at the bottom - longitudinal, and the products obtained during crushing are sorted in sieving, and large parts of crushed grain are sent to the second system for re-crushing, then the product, obtained by passing through a receiving sieve, sorted into 4-5 fractions, the gathering sieve separately by fractions is aspirated and the shells are isolated, and then sorted on pneumatic tables, and the passage of sieves in the form of fine cereals they are sent to roller mills for grinding into flour, and on pneumatic tables the product is divided into three fractions, one of which is of low density, consisting mainly of germ particles, is fed to the pneumatic table to control the embryo, the heaviest fraction consisting of cereal freed from the embryo , subjected to aspiration, and then sent to the first grinding system, and the intermediate fraction obtained from the middle channels of the pneumatic tables, depending on the quality served for grinding or re-grade tion cereals.

 The embryo, after double processing on pneumatic tables, can be sent to screw dryers, in which 10% is dried to a moisture content and the crushed corn endosperm particles are polished by four sequential processing in grinding machines, and after each grinding system, the products are sieved in sieves in which powdery particles are separated and finely divided cereal, which is ground into flour on a separate roller system, to obtain, after grinding, cereals, freed from fruit shells and the embryo, after The croup is sorted by size into five numbers, the croup of each number is suctioned, monitored in magnetic devices and sent to bins.

Corn grits for flakes and corn sticks can be produced coarse and fine in parallel by peeling silica corn, after which the grain is moistened with warm water at a temperature of 35 40 ^o C to a moisture content of 20 - 22% and cured for 20 30 minutes, after curing, the grain is sent to the drum the crusher is a nucleus separator (de-determinator), where the grain is crushed by grooved notches to peel the shell and the germ from the endosperm, after which the crushing products are dried to a moisture content of 15%, they are aspirated and small flours are separated the sheet and shell particles, and then sorted, and the descent from the sieves in the form of poorly crushed grains is returned to re-crushing, and the large flour is suctioned, controlled in magnetic apparatus and sent to bins, fine cereals and the exit from small sieves are separately aspirated, separating mealy and shell particles, and then sorted on pneumatic tables, where the germ is isolated, the croup freed from the shell particles and the germ is crushed in four sequential roller mill systems, sorted in sieving and adjusted to fine cereals, which are enriched in a sieve machine, are controlled in magnetic devices and fed into bins.

 At least part of the large cereal intended for the production of flakes can be sent to roller mills, sifters and other machines, and then cereal for corn sticks is obtained.

 At least two cereal workshops or two cereal plants can be located on one territory in at least two production buildings, where different crops are processed, using a common elevator, a transformer substation and other main and auxiliary structures, but separate states serving workers.

 At least two workshops for the simultaneous parallel processing of at least two cereal crops can be located in one production building, while at least part of the general main and auxiliary structures and the general staff of workers are used.

 In one building on one set of technological equipment 2-3 cereal crops can periodically process.

 Cooking-free cereals can be obtained from kernels or cereals by cooking, drying, flattening, roasting and cooling.

 Uncooked cereal flakes can be produced at cereal plants from oat, barley, wheat kernels or large numbers of polished cereals (pearl barley, Poltava, corn) by steaming and short-term coarsening of cereals, drying cereals, flattening steamed cereals, and drying ivy cereal cereals.

Hercules oat flakes can be produced from premium oat kernels, which are further controlled and selected by crushed cereals and random impurities, after which the kernel is sent to control coarse separation machines, aspiration and magnetic apparatuses, and the kernel is steamed in a vertical steamer without drying or horizontally with drying to obtain a moisture content of 13 to 14%, after which the core is briefly swept for 20 minutes, and the kernel is crushed in a machine with two washing with parallel rolls whose axes are in the same horizontal plane or in roller mills, and after conditioning, warm and wet flakes are dried and then cooled to obtain flakes with a moisture content not exceeding 12%
Steam can be supplied to a vertical steamer under a pressure of 0.05 MPa only after filling it with grits.

 After flaking, the flakes can be dried on the dryer belt, which moves at a speed of 0.4-1.2 m / min while the fan is sucking air, and the flakes are cooled by aspiration of flakes with the screening of a small amount of fine particles and flour, and after cooling, the flakes are packed into cardboard boxes with a capacity of 250 1000 g.

 Petal flakes can be produced from oat kernels of the highest grade after additional grinding and subsequent sorting into two fractions: coarse and fine, and by passing through a sieve they get flour, then each fraction is processed into petal flakes, respectively large and small, and the process of making petal flakes corresponds to the production process Hercules flakes.

 Flattened oat groats can be produced by flattening the kernels in roller mills with corrugated rollers, after which the groats are sieved on sieves, crushed particles are separated, aspirated, passed through magnetic machines and packaged.

 Barley flakes can be produced from a well-treated barley core of pensac or pearl barley, moreover, pendacs are completely freed from shells before being processed into flakes and polished, and after grinding, they are aspirated with the release of 1.0 1.5% of waste in the form of flour with particles of shells.

 Before flattening, the core can be intensively steamed in a horizontal steamer at a vapor pressure of 0.12 0.15 MPa for 2 to 4 minutes, and then the grain is sent to bins, where it is cured for 1 h, after which the core is dried to a moisture content not exceeding 15% and flattening is carried out in a roller mill, after which the flattened flakes are once again controlled by isolating small grains, aspirated, isolating powdery particles, and metal-magnetic impurities are separated.

 The fiber can be produced from the oat kernel, which is subjected to deep hydrothermal treatment, whereby oatmeal is first obtained, and then it is ground into flour.

Hydrothermal processing of grain in the production of corn can be done after cleaning the grain from impurities by soaking the grain with water heated to 35 ^o C for 2 hours, keeping in the cooking apparatus at a vapor pressure of 0.15 0.20 MPa for 1.5 2.0 h, subsequent drying in steam dryers to a moisture content of 5 to 6% and then sent for processing by grinding in roller mills with subsequent sieving.

 Cereals and / or flour from the grain of various cereals with different protein and vitamin composition can be combined in accordance with the recipe to obtain a more valuable flour mixture.

 Skimmed milk powder may be added to the flour.

 Dry egg white can be added to flour.

 Buckwheat, or rice, or oat, or pea groats can be enriched by grinding the cereals into flour, after which the flour and skimmed milk powder are separately sent to the sifter for control and fed to the hopper with dispensers installed under them, then flour and milk powder, dosed in accordance with the recipe, it is fed into the mixer and, after thorough mixing, a homogeneous flour mixture is fed into the hopper above the press having a dough mixer and dies for cereals with holes, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the shape and size EPAM rice or pea, or buckwheat. After passing the matrices, the cereal is slightly steamed, dried in a drying unit to a moisture content of 12-13%, sorted by size in bulk sorting or screening, controlled on magnetic machines, and then packed.

 At the same time, vitamins and / or various fortifying additives can be fed into the mixer along with the supply of flour and milk powder.

 Groats "Health" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Crushed rice 73
Wheat flour 15
Skimmed milk powder 10
Egg white dry 2
Groats "Jubilee" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Crushed rice 70
Wheat flour 15
Skimmed milk powder 15
Groats "Pioneer" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

P dressed buckwheat 90
Skimmed milk powder 10
Krupna "Sportivnaya" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Oatmeal 90
Skimmed milk powder 10
Grain "Navy" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Passed buckwheat 70
Barley groats 30
Groats "Union" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Passed buckwheat 70
Barley groats 28
Egg White 2
Grain "Strong" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Barley groats 15
Split peas 70
Wheat flour 15
Grain "South" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Barley groats 10
Split peas 20
Wheat flour 20
Corn flour 50
Feed mills can produce complete feed, and / or concentrates, and / or protein and vitamin supplements, and / or premixes, and / or mixtures of animal feed and premixes, and / or protein and vitamin supplements and premixes, and / or feed mixtures for ruminants, and / or special compound feeds, and / or substitutes for whole milk, and / or urea concentrate.

 Feed mixtures for ruminants can be obtained from husks with the addition of bran, meal, minerals, microadditives.

 Substitutes for whole milk can be produced on the basis of skimmed milk powder with the addition of fats (vegetable salomas), phosphatides, vitamins, antibiotics.

 Urea concentrate can be produced from a mixture of urea, grain products and bentonites.

 Combined feeds can be produced directly at agricultural enterprises by adding protein-vitamin supplements to feeds.

 Compound feeds can be produced on the basis of grain raw materials and by-products of grain processing enterprises such as flour, and / or bran, and / or cake, and / or meal, and grain raw materials and by-products make up to 80% of the feed content.

 As additives in animal feed can use animal feed in the form of fish and / or meat meal, and / or waste from many industries, mainly sugar, starch and syrup, alcohol, and / or raw materials of mineral origin such as salt, chalk, and / or roughage such as hay, straw, and / or various products containing biostimulants.

 As a grain raw material in the production of compound feeds, corn can be used, which is introduced into compound feeds in an amount of up to 70% or barley, or husked barley without films, or barley flour, or oats in an amount of up to 50%, or millet, previously finely ground or in the form of husked grain, and millet is introduced into compound feeds up to 20% or wheat in an amount up to 70% or rye in a small amount, or sorghum, or chumizu, or buckwheat, or legumes, mainly peas, fodder beans, or sweet lupine (non-alkaloid), or vetch , or rank.

 Bran can be introduced into the feed composition as by-products of grain processing enterprises, which are added to feed in an amount of up to 70% and / or barley flour, or rice, or millet, or oat.

 Compound feeds may include waste from creameries in the form of meal, mainly sunflower, cotton, soybean, peanut, hemp, or meal, and / or waste from the sugar industry in the form of beet pulp and molasses (molasses), and / or waste from the starch and syrup industry in the form of pulp and gluten, and / or waste from the fermentation industry in the form of dry vinasse, malt sprouts, beer pellets, and / or waste from the fish processing industry in the form of fish meal, whale meal, fish ghee hydrolysis products and / or fodder products of the hydrolysis industry in the form of fodder yeast that is grown on straw, or corn cobs, or sulfite extracts, or wood hydrolysates.

 In the production of animal feed, they can introduce raw materials of animal origin in the form of processed milk products of milk, casein, waste from meat processing plants, blood, meat, meat and bone, bone meal, fish industry waste, fish meal, fish hydrolyzate, technical and food fats, as well as fodder flour from grass and algae in loose or granular form, or flour from leaves and needles of trees, or hay, or straw, or corn cobs, or the husk of some cereal crops.

 In the production of animal feed, chemical synthesis products can be introduced into them in the form of urea or ammonium bicarbonate, sulfate, acetic acid, ammonium phosphate.

 Raw materials of mineral origin in the form of salt, chalk, feed phosphates, flour and cereals from mollusk shells, travertine flour, and limestone can be introduced into the composition of compound feeds.

Vitamins A, D ₂ , D ₃ , E, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , PP and others can be added to the composition of compound feeds.

 The composition of animal feed can introduce trace elements manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, iodine.

 The composition of animal feed can be administered antibiotics penicillin, biomycin, terramycin.

 Enzymes, mainly proteolytic and amylolytic, can be added to the feed composition.

 Amino acids in the form of feed preparations containing synthetic lysine and methionine, as well as hormones, antioxidants santokhin, butyloxytoluene, diludine, medicinal and anthelmintic drugs furazolidone, furadonin, furazidine can be introduced into the composition of compound feeds.

 When preparing feed, they can coarsely crush lumpy ingredients. Coarse crushing can be carried out on stone crushers or oil mill.

 After coarse crushing, fine grinding can be performed. Fine grinding can be done on hammer crushers or roller mills.

 The preparation of ingredients for the production of animal feed can be carried out on the raw material preparation lines, which are installed at the feed mill and which include lines for cleaning and grinding grain raw materials, cleaning powdery products, separating a film of oats and barley, preparing pressed and large-sized products, preparing raw materials of mineral origin, preparing feed products of food production, preparation of herbal flour, preparation of premixes, preparation of liquid ingredients.

 In high-capacity plants, raw material preparation lines may include separate salt preparation lines and chalk preparation lines, as well as additional grain lines for different crops.

 The line for cleaning and grinding grain raw materials can include automatic scales, an air-sieve separator, a magnetic separator, hoppers above the crushers, crushers, and the grinding of grain raw materials is carried out to the size of the loose feed set by the standard for this type of product.

 The mealy products cleaning line may include automatic scales for metering the incoming product, a screening machine, a magnetic separator, sifters, borates, sieve separators, and in this line, impurities in the form of scraps of rope, rags, chips, metal-magnetic impurities from bran, flour or from grass or coniferous flour.

 The oat and barley film separation line may include scouring machines, pneumatic separators or aspirators or hammer crushers, sifters and scouring machines, the oat and barley films being separated, respectively, either by peeling oats and barley followed by film winding, or by grinding barley followed by isolation films.

 The line of preparation of raw materials of mineral origin may include a stone crusher, dryer, automatic scales, magnetic barriers, hammer crushers and sifting machines, and at least one grinding and sifting of table salt, chalk, shell groats, phosphates is dried.

 For high-capacity plants, two separate lines for salt and chalk can be installed with dryers common to both lines.

 The feed preparation line for food production may include automatic scales, a magnetic separator, a sieving machine, a hopper and a hammer mill, and they clean, sort and grind dried beet pulp, dried bard, dried corn feed, meal, meat and bone, fish, whale flour, dry fodder yeast.

 The herbal flour preparation line may include a pneumatic conveyor for feeding flour, a cyclone unloader, a magnetic separator, automatic scales and bins, and they produce grass flour in containers, unpack the bags, transfer them by pneumatic transport to the production building, clean them of metal-magnetic impurities, weigh them and send them to production as well as obtaining hay, loosening and grinding in crushers.

 The premix preparation line may include scales, bins, mixers, a hammer mill, a screening machine, and the line is installed directly at feed mills or in specialized workshops and premixes are prepared by loading microadditives together with half the estimated amount of bran filler, meal in the first mixer, mixing for 15-20 minutes and subsequent grinding in a crusher and sieving with the passage direction to the second mixer, into which the remaining filler and e stirring for 20 minutes, a ready premixes.

 The premix preparation line may include hoppers, carousel-type plants, weight batchers, a multi-component weighing batcher, two mixers, and premixes are produced by preparing micro-ingredients by drying, additional crushing and sifting, filling them manually into the carousel-type plant hoppers, dosing them into a batch mixer action, which simultaneously serves part of the filler, and the subsequent supply of the mixture to the second mixer with the addition of salt or chalk from the mineral feed bin of origin, and after stirring ready premixes direct to home dosing line.

 On the line of preparation of liquid ingredients, fat can be introduced into compound feeds, which is carried out by installing a barrel of fat with an open bottom on a cylindrical heater, heating and feeding the pump into a supply tank with a steam heated jacket, an inside mixer and signaling devices of upper and lower levels, from where through filters fat traps are fed to the mixer, and the fat is supplied by the metering pump and steam is sprayed in the mixer, which feeds are dosed and mixed, or the fat is fed t in the press for the enrichment of granular feed, or fat is fed into the batch mixer through a heated perforated pipe, which is placed under the lid of the mixer.

On the line of preparation of liquid ingredients, molasses can be introduced into the feed, which is introduced without heating or heated to a temperature of 50-60 ^o C, followed by pumping through pipelines, spraying nozzles and distribution in the feed.

 Before adding molasses to feed, urea can be previously dissolved in it.

 Compound feeds can be produced by granulation from loose ingredients by pressing, after which the obtained granules are cooled and sieved in machines to separate fine fractions.

 Cereals can be produced from granules, while the resulting small powdery fraction is returned to repeated pressing. Granules can be crushed in special roller grinders.

 In the production of granular compound feed for fish, binders that increase the water resistance of granules of a substance that form films on the surface of granules can be added to compound feed. Casein, blood albumin and the like can be used as binders.

 On the surface of the granules, a waterproof coating can be formed from the grease, which is applied by spraying, or from glue, or from polyvinyl alcohol, or from starch, or from methyl cellulose.

 A film of polyvinyl alcohol can be formed by irrigation of granules in a special chamber, followed by drying in a vibration dryer.

 At least part of the ingredients from which feed is produced can be subjected to heat and / or mechanical processing. Machining can be performed by flattening the grain into flakes. Heat treatment can be performed by steaming whole and / or crushed grain. Heat treatment can be performed by roasting grain. Heat treatment can be performed by steaming the grain and then roasting it.

 Processing at least part of the ingredients from which feed is produced can be done by steaming the grain and then conditioning.

 Processing at least part of the ingredients from which feed is produced can be done by treating the grain with intense thermal radiation, such as infrared.

 Combined feed can be produced with the addition of urea concentrate. Urea concentrate can be obtained by extrusion from a mixture of 70 75% of crushed grain, 20 25% of urea and 5 10% of bentonite.

 At least part of the feed can be granulated or molassed.

 Compound feeds can be produced in bulk and / or briquetted.

 In the production of full-feed briquetted compound feeds, crushed hay or straw and molasses can be fed to a special workshop and pressed.

 Protein-vitamin supplements can be produced at specialized and / or feed mills.

 The plant’s technological scheme may include preparation lines: powdery raw materials, animal raw materials, oilcake and meal, chalk and salt, amino acids and antibiotics.

 Protein-vitamin supplements can be made on the basis of ready-made premixes, which are supplied from specialized factories, and / or in factories producing protein-vitamin supplements, they produce premixes.

 Flour, bran and cereals can be stored at grain processing enterprises of flour mills and cereals, and / or in warehouses of consumers, sales bases and individual procurement enterprises.

 Grain processing products can be stored in containers in one-, two- or three-story warehouses or without containers in special storages equipped with stationary mechanization.

 As containers can use bags, and / or barrels, and / or cans. Bags with flour and cereal in warehouses can be stacked with a tee, and / or five, and / or four, and / or a well. The height of the stack can take from 6 to 14 rows of bags, and with a height of more than 10 rows, each row above the tenth is laid indented inward to the width of one bag. Bags can be stacked on wooden pallets with a height of at least 0.1 m.

 Between stacks, stacks and walls can leave passages of at least 0.7 m, and provide for the main passages with a width of 2.5 to 4.5 m.

 Stacks can be placed so that each stack, at least on one side, adjoins the main passage to provide access to mechanization equipment.

 The warehouse can be located next to the railway and / or road, and the floor of the first floor is placed on a bedding 1.1 m high from the rail head and at this height outside the warehouse on the side of the road platforms are built 4.15 m wide with canopies above them.

 Flour and / or bran can be stored in briquettes.

 When storing flour and cereals in containers, packaging (pick-up) can be carried out directly at the mill and / or flour mill, or at the groats plant.

 When bran bran briquettes are stored, briquettes can be crushed and / or ground before use.

 Bags with flour from the knockout compartment can be fed by a conveyor belt to a bag-forming unit, then the decorated bags on pallets are transported by electric forklifts and stacked.

 The warehouse may include a compartment for packaging finished products in paper bags and / or boxes.

 At least part of the flour with a moisture content of not more than 13% can be stored in bulk in silos, which are formed by vibrators and / or aerators that facilitate the flow of flour.

 When unloading flour, it can be subjected to aeration and through the lock gate, which is placed under the silos, sent to the outlet sleeve for subsequent use and / or dispatch to the consumer.

 Silos for bulk storage of flour can be placed inside production buildings, and / or in separate shops for bulk storage and tempering of flour.

 In the bulk storage warehouse they can carry out separate storage of flour by grades, and the movement of flour from the flour mill to silos is carried out by aerosol transport and / or pneumatic transport with simultaneous aspiration.

 From silos, flour can be sent to the hopper above the multi-component weighing batchers, and / or above the weighing machines, and / or to the hopper of the tempering device for automobile and railway transport, and / or to the hopper above the filling machine.

 Before feeding the flour to the airlock feeder of the aerosol transport line, they can control it in sieving machines.

 Bulk storage silos of flour can be dedusted using an aspiration network, which is blocked with aerosol transport lines.

 The flour can be knocked out into bags on rotary weighing machines, at least some of which are equipped with at least three pairs of feeders to ensure that at least three grades of flour are alternately beaten without stripping the feeders.

 At least part of the flour can be packaged on an automatic line into roll paper bags, which are made and marked on the same line, after which the bags on this line are filled with flour, the weight of each bag is controlled, the bags are sealed and sent to a group packaging machine and formed packs of six packages weighing 12 kg, and then they are laid manually on a pallet.

Bran during transportation through the pneumatic transport network can be dried in an air environment with a temperature of 110 to 160 ^o C.

 Dried bran can be mixed with other bran and, after sectional weighing with an aerosol line, the bran is sent to the hopper, and from there to granulation, and / or a feed mill, and / or to a tempering device serving automobile vehicles.

 At least part of the granulated bran with a chain conveyor can be sent to silos, which are equipped with vibro-unloaders and valves, from where the bran is loaded into wagons.

 Flour can be transported in railway flour carriers. Flour carriers may be supplied with flour from a tempering device equipped with hoppers into which flour is fed via one aerosol transport line.

 Flour can be fed into the hopper of the tempering device by an aerosol-transport line, which is blocked with an aspiration network.

 At least part of the semolina can be stored in silos, from where they are knocked out in bags through weighing machines. At least part of semolina can be packed on an automatic line on which packages of roll paper are made, marked, filled with packages of suspended flour, the weight of each package is controlled, sealed, after which the packages of flour are fed to a group packaging machine, packs of six are formed packages weighing 12 kg, and then they are laid manually on a pallet.

 Semolina can be packed on automatic scales in packages weighing 0.5 and 1.0 kg, after which the bags are fastened with metal clips, then packages with groats in packs of 20 kg are placed in metal boxes, which are stacked on a pallet in five rows six drawers in each, and the rows are laid in a dressing.

 Aspiration units can be blocked with technological and transport equipment into a single automated system. At least part of the raw materials and / or finished products are stored with technological conditioning.

 Raw materials and meal for the production of animal feed can be brought to the feed mill or workshop by rail and / or road.

 The raw materials coming from the railway receiving device can be fed to a noriya, which loads two silos, of which grain or granular raw materials are distributed into two silos by another noriya and silo chain conveyors.

 The raw materials coming from the receiving device from the automobile transport can be fed to the elevator, which directs the grain or granules through the valuable silo conveyors to the silo.

 The warehouse for storing raw materials can accommodate the capacities of individual components, transport and technological equipment for transporting, drying, crushing, sieving and unpacking bags.

 Compound feeds can be stored in silos from monolithic, precast or precast-monolithic reinforced concrete.

 At least part of the bran can be stored and transported in bulk.

 For holidays to local consumers or when transported by water, bran can be packed in bags of the fourth category.

 At least part of the bran and husks can be stored and released in granules. The meal can be stored in bulk in warehouses of lightweight construction. Husk can be stored in light type warehouses and / or metal bins at a distance of at least 50 m from the main production.

 Mineral ingredients in the production of animal feed after drying, and / or crushing and / or sieving can be fed into the production building by aerosol transport. Meal can be supplied to the production building by aerosol transport.

 Silos can be equipped with at least one outlet and outlet mechanisms. In the silo housing for mealy raw materials, a special room can be allocated for the preparation of liquid components and urea.

 In the case of meal, they can clean them of metal impurities and crushing, and the meal can be fed into the production building by aerosol transport.

 Loose, granular and packaged compound feeds and protein-vitamin supplements can be stored in the silo housing of finished products. Finished products can be transported to tempering devices for rail and road transport from any silo using conveyors and elevators.

 Compound feeds can be stored in well aerated rooms. Compound feeds containing meat and bone meal and / or fish meal and / or fat may be stored for a short time.

 The problem is also solved due to the fact that in the method of obtaining, transporting and storing flour, which includes post-harvest processing, delivery, quality control and supply of raw grain to storages and / or elevators, storage, preparation of grain for grinding by preliminary cleaning at an elevator, transportation to the grain cleaning department of the elevator and / or flour mill, and / or the workshop, and / or go to the factory, cleaning weeds, and / or grain, and / or metal-magnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, separation, according to at least a single treatment of the surface of the grain in scouring, and / or brushing, or peeling hydrothermal treatment systems by moistening and then draining, winnowing and aspirating the product after processing, at least in part of the systems with separation and direction of grain and / or waste into main and / or backup storage tanks with lids and / or bins using, at least in part, pneumatic conveying with simultaneous aspiration of the product by passing air through a filter viability of at least one container connected to an aspiration system for monitoring grain and / or waste in separators and / or borates and / or aspirators with the release of suitable grain and / or mineral impurities and / or crushed grain, and / or flour, and / or husks, crushing, aspiration and at least one repeated cleaning, grinding by one or multiple sequential passage of grain crushing products through grinding and / or grinding systems to obtain flour of the required and / or required varieties and by-products packing and transportation to bins, and / or warehouses, and / or storages, and / or shipment to the consumer, when carrying out suction, the container and / or containers are connected to the suction unit and / or with each other with the possibility of combined and / or selective switching with at least one additional air duct and the formation of the filter surface area of at least one container with the excess area of the corresponding air-transparent surface portion of this container in the range from 1.002 to 230 reduced diameters of the area of the air-transparent the shape and shape of the filtering surface in the form of spatial curvature or a combined configuration with the maximum distance of its apex from the plane aligned with at least one non-linear segment of the contour of the air-transparent section, or from the horizontal plane of the projection of the corresponding air-transparent section at a distance of 0.02 to 78 reduced diameters of the area of the translucent section.

 At the same time, when carrying out the aspiration process, at least one air filter insert can be used as a filter surface, which is installed in the lid cavity of the main and / or reserve storage containers, or at least one air filter membrane serving as a filter surface is used at the same time with the cover of the main and / or reserve storage tank, or at least one insert for filtering the supplied air is used as a filter surface, a cat the open one is installed in the upper part of the wall of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, and in this case, the insert for filtering the supplied air is made in the form of a fragment of a cylindrical surface or double curvature, or in the form of a concave or convex-concave or convex polyhedron the surface of the walls of the tank, or in a combined form from a combination of straight and / or curved sections, or in the form of a continuous ring or discrete shell.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least one air-filtering element can be used as a filter surface, which is made in the form of a removable shell, while in the upper part of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, a cut is made in which a shell with an air-filtering element, the cut-out area being at least 1% of the cross-sectional area of the corresponding container with a multifaceted configuration or at least 2.3% of the cross-sectional area the value of the corresponding capacity of cylindrical or variable curvature or combined configuration.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least two air filter inserts, air filter membranes, inserts for filtering the supplied air and air filter elements can be used as a filter surface, while the area ratio of any two filter elements is 1: 1 15.

 To seal the main and backup storage tanks, any filtering elements that make up the filter surface can be connected to the tanks by means of clamps with sealant, and at least some of the connections are detachable.

 For carrying out preventive or repair work during the aspiration process, the main and / or reserve storage tanks can additionally be equipped with airtight membranes, which are installed to ensure complete cessation of air supply to the replaceable filter element.

 An air filter insert, or an air filter membrane, or an insert for filtering the supplied air, or an air filter element can be made in the form of a shell containing at least one double curvature section, or at least one single curvature section, or combinations thereof, or from combinations of curvilinear and / or straight sections.

 In the process of aspiration, air can be injected to form a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical or poly-cylindrical section formed by at least two jointed fragments of cylinders of constant and variable curvature, interconnected directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing no less than one conical or polyconic section formed from fragments of conical and / or polyconic curvature directly connected to each other either indirectly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical section and / or a section of polycylindered curvature connected directly to each other or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical and / or conical and / or spherical and / or spheroidal and / or ellipsoidal and / or parabolic and / or hypovaroid and / or toroidal region.

 The shell may be provided with an inner frame.

 The filter surface can be made of high-strength woven or fibrous non-woven material, moreover, for example, overcoat cloth is used as high-strength woven material, and for example, as a fibrous non-woven cloth.

The design for aspiration with a filter surface can be made of at least two filter layers with different strength and transmittance, which are arranged in order of increasing their strength and transmittance, or fastened together with the formation of cavities, at least one of which, at least at least partially filled with a granular filler, while the differentiated throughput in at least one layer is formed to provide a pressure differential between internal and external its surface in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 MPa at operating speeds Suction suspended in an air stream of dispersed particles and the minimum sectional area of the receiving holes of at least 60 microns ² in the filter surface.

 The filtering surface can be subjected to vibrational effects, ensuring the restoration of its transmittance. Vibrational effects can create by differential pressure in the tank.

 To carry out the aspiration process, additional containers can be installed that are equipped with filters and connected to the general aspiration system with additional air ducts.

 Post-harvest processing can be carried out directly in the growing places on indoor and / or open currents, and / or at elevators, and / or flour mills, and / or plants by receiving grain, forming lots, cleaning, drying, active ventilation and shipment.

 All harvested grain can be processed in places of cultivation according to a three-link system: a combine harvester is a procurement enterprise. All grain can be processed at a procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises according to a two-tier system: combine harvesting enterprise.

 Part of the grain can be processed at the procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises, and part remaining in the agricultural complex, either on current or at an agricultural point.

 In post-harvest grain processing, after the arrival of automobile batches, they can take samples, determine the quality and determine the place of unloading grain, weigh on a truck scale, mechanized unloading, after which grain is preliminarily cleaned, in the presence of rice, spikes are separated, in the presence of corn, threshing ears and grain cleaning after threshing, then batches of crops and quality are formed into storage tanks, grain is weighed and transferred to the operational tanks of the elevator, where they dry the grain to a state that is stable in storage and clean it on air screen separators from short impurities, long impurities, stone separators, pneumatic sorting tables, air aspirators with the release of suitable grain, cooling it with artificially cooled air, then atmospheric air and sending grain for storage with parallel collection of waste, destruction of unusable, sale of suitable waste and / or their disposal for processing.

 Acceptance of grain and / or its release can be carried out respectively from water transport and to water transport, from railway transport and to railway transport.

 Post-harvest preparation and / or cleaning of the initial grain raw materials can be performed on elevators, including interconnected via silos and / or bunkers, and / or equipment, a working building with technological and transport equipment, a silo building with transport and other equipment, devices for acceptance of grain from cars, and / or wagons, and / or ships, devices for dispensing grain to various types of transport and grain processing enterprises, a waste workshop, an aspiration and waste disposal system.

 In the working building of the elevator, they can be accepted from automobile, railway and water transport, technological processing, quality control or preparation of grinding lots, distribution to silos or warehouses associated with the elevator, vacation to automobile, railway, water transport or to an enterprise.

 In the production of flour, they can carry out the separation of the initial grain raw materials in flour mills, cereals or feed mills.

 Separation can be carried out by cleaning the grain from impairing conditions for its processing or reducing the quality of the finished product impurities and sorting the grain mixture into fractions of different quality for separate processing.

 The separation can be carried out by thickness, and / or width, and / or length, and / or sectional shape, and / or speed of rotation, and / or density, and / or density and friction coefficient, and / or elasticity and coefficient of impact friction, and / or the coefficient of friction and / or slip and / or rolling, and / or the magnetic susceptibility, and / or the dielectric constant, and / or the reflection coefficient of the light flux. Separation can be carried out by exposing a non-grain mixture to aerodynamic forces, and / or volume forces of inertia, varying in magnitude and direction, and / or gravitational forces of gravity, centrifugal inertia and gravity, and / or magnetic and / or electric forces, and / or sequential and / or time-combined exposure to the grain mixture by a combination of forces.

 After separation and separation of various impurities from the grain mixture, the grain surface can be cleaned of mineral dust and / or microorganisms and / or contaminants and / or particles of fruit membranes.

 The grain surface is cleaned at flour mills by treating grain in scouring machines with an abrasive surface or with a steel cylinder, and then in brushing machines using the dry and / or wet method using washing machines.

 In enterprises with mechanical and pneumatic transport of grain products, radial scouring machines with an emery or steel cylinder and brushing machines can be used, and the peripheral speed of the scouring drum is selected depending on the hardness of the processed crop, increasing for softer grain and decreasing for harder grain.

The peripheral speed of the scouring drum for rye can be taken equal to 15 - 18 m / s, for soft wheat 13 15 m / s, for durum wheat 10 11 m / s, and processing is carried out to obtain the grain surface without damage, and dust ash not less than 10 %
Processing in brushing machines can be carried out before separating the exfoliated particles of the shells and removing dust from the surface and from the groove of the grain and receiving waste in an amount of 0.2 0.3% relative to the weight of the grain with an ash content of 4.0 4.5%, and during processing carry out the regulation of the gap between the working surfaces of the brushes while maintaining its value in the range from 3 to 6 mm.

 When cleaning the surface of the grain, mainly rye, in husking machines they can remove the upper, most contaminated shells, mineral dust, bacteria and molds while reducing the ash content by 0.10 0.11% fiber content by 0.92 0.96% and increasing the relative starch content by 2.44 2.62% and bulk density by 56 58 g / l.

 Processing in washing machines can expose grain, mainly defective, smut, or bitter worm, and the grain is cleaned of dust and microorganisms with the simultaneous release of heavy and light impurities.

 Machining of grain in a washing machine can be carried out by ascending jets of water, which are created by a rotating screw, moving the grain and keeping it in suspension, the mineral impurities emitted: stones and sand, are moved in the lower level in the opposite direction, collected in appropriate periodically emptied containers moreover, from the washing bath, the grain is fed into the alloy chamber, in which light mixtures float and periodically are removed, and then, under water pressure, the grain is fed into the squeezing column with the same mennym its rinsing and dewatering produce grain and its peeling, wherein the washing water is purified in the liquid separator.

 Before cleaning, coagulum aluminum sulfate can be added to the washing water in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.5%, and after cleaning, the bacteriologically clean centrate is returned to production for grain washing.

 Simultaneously with the grain washing, they can be treated with ultrasound and / or ultraviolet irradiation, and / or hydrocyclones are used.

 Washing water can be cleaned by sending it to a grain collector, separating large impurities, after which the water is sent to a separator where it is purified, then filtered water is poured into the chlorination tank, and after settling, the purified and disinfected water is pumped into the tank, mixed with clean water and returned to the grain washing, and the separated large impurities are squeezed in the process and dried in a screw dryer.

 Hydrothermal processing of grain can be carried out in flour mills and cereals to directionally change the initial technological properties of grain and to enhance differences in the properties of shells and endosperm, and when hydrothermally processed in a flour mill, the strength of the endosperm is reduced, and the strength of the shells is increased. Hydrothermal processing of grain at the flour mill can be carried out by cold or hot or high-speed conditioning.

 Cold conditioning can be carried out by wetting the grain and then smoothening, moreover, wetting is carried out by washing or by feeding the estimated amount of drip-liquid water to the grain mass. High-vitreous grains after trimming can be moistened and re-trimmed.

 Hot conditioning can be carried out by washing, treating in an air-to-water air conditioner and smoothing. Before processing in an air-water conditioner, the grain can be processed in a steamer or steam column until the desired temperature is obtained by the grain. Before wetting, the grain can be dampened.

 High-speed conditioning can be carried out by short-term steaming, keeping in a heated state in a thermally insulated crate and subsequent washing with cold tap water. After washing, the grain can be processed in a dehumidifier or dampened.

 Grinding can be carried out single and / or repeated. Repeat grinding can be simple. Repeat grinding can be performed difficult, without enrichment of grains during rye grinding, or with a shortened enrichment process, or with a developed enrichment process. A simple re-grinding may include a single torn process or a torn and shortened grinding. Complex re-grinding may include torn and developed grinding processes or torn, dressing process, grinding and grinding.

 The seeded and peeled flour or only seeded flour can be obtained by complex grinding without enrichment of grains, and intermediate products that are obtained from torn systems are subjected to grinding on grinding systems.

 Rye can be ground into peeled flour by selecting intermediate products from the first torn system in the form of a mixture of grains and dunsts, selecting the maximum amount of flour from the first three torn systems and separating the remaining particles of endosperm from the shells on subsequent torn systems, with intermediate products being fed to the first grinding a system for grinding into flour, and after the rollers of all tattered systems, scouring machines are installed for additional grinding of similar products and sorting them into two fractions.

 Rye can be ground into peeled flour on five torn and two grinding systems with grain skipping after the roller machines of torn systems through scouring machines, and grinding the by-products of the last torn system is carried out by passing through a grinding machine, and for sowing the mealy products obtained by passing sieves of this machine, they use a special sorting system, with the descent of a grinding machine sieve, they get large shells that are sent to bran, and the flour is sifted out on a special sorting system, stumble in controlling sieving, and the gathering is obtained finer particles shells, which are transmitted in the bran.

 Seeded and peeled flour with a total yield of 80% and seeded flour with a yield of 63% can be obtained by complex grinding of rye without enriching the grains by passing through 4 5 torn systems and 3 4 grinding, and before the first torn system use preparatory crushing or crushing system, and seeded flour with a yield of 63%, due to heterogeneity in ash content, is sent to the control sifting in two streams, each of which is made from flour of similar quality, followed by mixing.

 Sowed flour with a yield of 15–30% and peeled flour with a yield of 65–50% can be obtained by passing grain through one preparation, five torn and four grinding systems, and the seeded flour taken from the first and second torn, from the first and second grinding systems by passage of the upper sieves, and peeled - by the passage of the lower sieves from the first and second torn, from the first and second grinding and from all other systems, while the flour of each grade separately sent to the control sieving.

 Milling rye into wallpaper flour can be carried out by passing grain through roller mills and scouring machines, sequentially transferring the descent from scouring machines and screenings, starting from the first torn system, from one system to another, and from the last to bran.

Grains, flour of the highest, first, second grades and wallpaper are obtained from soft wheat, moreover, grains of 10% can be obtained with three-grade and two-grade grinding, premium flour with three-grade grinding with a yield of 10 35% and with two-grade grinding with a yield of 10 40% flour of the first grade with single-grade grinding with a yield of 72% with two-grade with yields of 33 50% 40 60% and 32 62% and with three-grade grinding with yields of 30 50% flour of the second grade with one, two and three-grade grinding, and wallpaper with single-grade grinding with a yield of 96%
Wallpaper flour can be produced with simple repeat grinding of wheat or a mixture of grain consisting of 70% wheat and 30% rye.

 Flour of the second grade with a yield of 85% can be obtained by grinding wheat in five torn, three sieve and five grinding systems, and the grinding of similar products is carried out in a scouring, brushing machine, and also in a roller mill, with similar products obtained from scouring machines and receiving sieves of sifting, starting from the first torn system, are sequentially sent from one system to another, from the third and fourth torn to a brush machine, large grains are sent for subsequent enrichment in the sieve systems, from where enriched grains are transferred t to the first grinding system, and the grains obtained by the passage of medium sieves of the first system are sent to the control second sieve system, with which, through the passage of the first screens, fine fractions of large grains are obtained, which are transferred to the first grinding system, and by the passage of other screens, the finished product is semolina in an amount of 2%, the grinding regimes for grinding systems are set to maximize the extraction of flour from each system with a minimum ash content and to obtain from the last system no more than 4% of similar products.

 Flour of the first and second grades with a total yield of 75 78% can be obtained by grinding wheat in five torn systems, the second and third of which are divided into large and small with a total sifting of the products of grinding, and after the roller mills of the first four torn systems, whipping machines are installed, and intermediate products are selected mainly from the first and second torn systems and partly with the third torn systems, the grinding of similar products begins with the third torn system in roller mills and scouring machines, and the enrichment process is carried out on five systems, on one of which semolina is selected, while enrichment is subjected to first-grade coarse grains from the first and second tattered systems, fine grains and hard dunst from sorting systems, and the lower descents from the first, second and third grinding systems are transferred to the first descent, from it to the fifth grinding, and then to the sixth grinding system, the descent from the lower screens of which is sent for additional grinding in a scouring machine, the descent from which is sent to bran.

 Flour of the highest, first and second grades with yields 10 + 50 + 15; 15 + 45 + 15; 20 + 40 + 15; 20 + 45 + 10; 25 + 35 + 15 and 30 + 40 + 5 (total 75%); top, first and second grades with outputs 10 + 40 + 28; 15 + 40 + 23; 10 + 45 + 23; 15 + 45 + 18; 20 + 40 + 18 (total 78%), as well as premium and first grades with yields of 40 + 38% and first grade with a yield of 72% can be obtained as a result of complex re-grinding of wheat with a developed process of enrichment of cereals.

 The enrichment can be carried out either by passing the first quality grits from the first, second, third torn systems through sieve machines and sorting machines, or by passing through the sieve machines second-quality grains from the fourth torn systems, or by passing through the sieve machines grits from grinding systems.

 Grains before enrichment can be grouped, depending on the quality of the flour produced and the productivity of the flour mill, into co-enriched streams of large and medium grains from the first, second, third tattered systems; small grains and hard dunst with sorting systems; large or medium grains from the first and second tattered systems; small grains from the first, second and third tattered systems.

 Together they can enrich coarse grains with the first torn and second torn shallow, middle grains with the first, second, third tattered systems, fine grains with the first and third sorting systems.

During the enrichment of cereals in sieve machines, semolina can be selected with an ash content not exceeding 0.60 when processing soft wheat and 0.85 when processing durum wheat, moreover, the size of semolina is determined by sieving on sieves, while the remainder of the first sieve should not exceed 8 % and the passage of the second 2%
After enrichment in sieve machines, coarse and medium grains from the first, second, third tattered systems and fine grains from sorting systems can be subjected to grinding, which is carried out by their additional processing in roller mills, sifting and enrichment in sieve machines.

 After grinding, they can make grinding into flour flour and dunsts obtained in torn and grinding processes and past enrichment.

 Grinding can be carried out by passing the grains and dunsts through nine to twelve grinding systems, on three or four of which the grits and dunsts are ground first quality, on the other three four grinding grains and dunsts second quality, on two three grind and one two similar systems.

 They can produce separate moistening and smoothing of grain by type and glassiness during continuous smoothing.

 Bins for smoothing can be divided into separate groups, each of which is sent a corresponding grade of grain, and the number and capacity of bins for each grade are distinguished by its ratio in the mixture, vitreous, initial and final moisture.

 Separately prepared batches of grain at the mill can be mixed before they are sent to grinding.

 With two-grade grinding, 60 65% of premium flour and at the same time 10 15% of baking flour can be produced, and with three-grade grinding, 30 50% of premium flour, 10 30% of first grade flour and 10 20% of baking flour.

 Macaroni flour can be produced from soft high-grade wheat with a glassiness of at least 60%, and the yield of premium flour (cereals) is 15 30 and 20 35% and the first 35 45%, while 18 23 and 15 20% of the second-grade baking flour is simultaneously obtained.

 Macaroni flour can be produced from durum wheat by passing it through six tattered systems, six eight grinding systems and three four grinding.

 Synthetic vitamins can be added to flour.

 The introduction of vitamins can be carried out by preparing a vitamin concentrate from a mixture of flour and vitamins, followed by preparation in a mixer of a vitamin mixture for the appropriate grade of flour and dosed introduction of a vitamin mixture and flour into a horizontal mixer, and then at the end.

High-protein flour is obtained in the form of suction by aspiration of flour in a unloading cyclone to obtain a 3-12-fold increase in the amount of fine fraction of flour with small particle sizes of starch grains from 1 to 15 μm and the highest protein content from 20 to 25%
High-protein flour can be obtained by feeding the worked-up flour for pneumatic sorting to separate it into a coarse fraction with particles ranging in size from 40 to 200 microns and a low protein content and fine with particles up to 40 microns in size, which are fed for additional grinding into a pin crusher and then for pneumatic sorting with the selection of a thin high-protein fraction with particles not exceeding 17 microns in size, which is sent to the knockout.

 The production of rye flour can be carried out by preparing rye for grinding preliminary cleaning of grain from impurities in the elevator, cleaning grain from weeds, grain and metal-magnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, cleaning the grain surface in husking and / or scouring machines with simultaneous aspiration, moistening and subsequent smoothing, repeated cleaning of the grain surface in brush and / or scouring machines, after which the grain is transferred to the grinding compartment, and grinding is performed to obtain a wallpaper, and / or lean, and / or seeded flour.

 Peeling of the grain can produce before separation of the shells in the amount of 3.5 to 4.0% by weight of the grain with a simultaneous decrease in ash and fiber content and an improvement in whiteness.

After preliminary cleaning in the elevator, the grain can be fed into the bins of the flour mill, then passed through heaters until the grain temperature reaches 15 20 ^o C or, without heating, it is dispensed metered into the grain cleaning department, and then passed through a separator, stone separation machine and trimers and the mixture is separated from the grain mixture parts of weed, grain and metallomagnetic impurities, after which the grain is subjected to peeling with simultaneous aspiration and clean the surface of the grain from mineral dust and partially separate fruit shell and the embryo then separated in a second separator separating the first unselected impurities and re-formed by peeling grains, and then subjected to cold conditioning.

 In the grinding compartment, the grain can be wetted in a spray apparatus, then cured for 0.3 0.5 hours, then weighed and transferred to the grinding.

 Magnetic barriers can be installed after the first pass through the separator, as well as in front of peeling and brushing machines.

Upon receipt of grain with a moisture content of less than 13.5%, it can be moistened by 0.5
1.0% and cough for 1 to 2 hours

 Flour from the grain of different cereals with different protein and vitamin composition can be combined in accordance with the recipe to obtain a more valuable flour mixture. Skimmed milk powder may be added to the flour. Dry egg white can be added to flour.

 Flour and bran can be stored at grain processing enterprises of flour mills and cereals, and / or in warehouses of consumers, sales bases and individual procurement enterprises.

 Grain processing products can be stored in containers in one-, two- or three-story warehouses or without containers in special storages equipped with stationary mechanization.

 As containers can use bags, and / or barrels, and / or cans. Sacks with flour in warehouses can be stacked with a tee, and / or five, and / or four, and / or a well. The height of the stack can take from 6 to 14 rows of bags, and with a height of more than 10 rows, each row above the tenth is laid indented inward to the width of one bag.

 Bags can be stacked on wooden pallets with a height of at least 0.1 m.

 Between stacks, stacks and walls can leave passages of at least 0.7 m, and provide for the main passages with a width of 2.5 to 4.5 m.

 Stacks can be placed so that each stack, at least on one side, adjoins the main passage to provide access to mechanization equipment.

 The warehouse can be located next to the railway and / or road, and the floor of the first floor is placed on a bedding 1.1 m high from the rail head and at this height outside the warehouse on the side of the road platforms are built 4.15 m wide with canopies above them.

 Flour and / or bran can be stored in briquettes.

 When storing flour in containers, packaging (knockout) can be made directly at the mill, and / or flour mill, or at a grain mill.

 When bran bran briquettes are stored, briquettes can be crushed and / or ground before use.

 Bags with flour from the knockout compartment can be fed by a conveyor belt to the bag forming unit, then the formed bags on pallets are transported by electric forklifts and stacked.

 The warehouse may include a compartment for packaging finished products in paper bags and / or boxes.

 At least part of the flour with a moisture content of not more than 13% can be stored in bulk in silos, which are equipped with vibrators and / or aerators that facilitate the flow of flour.

 When unloading flour, it can be subjected to aeration and through the lock gate, which is placed under the silos, sent to the outlet sleeve for subsequent use and / or dispatch to the consumer.

 Silos for bulk storage of flour can be placed inside production buildings and / or in separate shops for bulk storage and tempering of flour.

 In the bulk storage warehouse they can carry out separate storage of flour by grades, and the movement of flour from the flour mill to silos is carried out by aerosol transport and / or pneumatic transport with simultaneous aspiration.

 From silos, flour can be sent to the hopper above the numerous weighing batchers, and / or above the weighing machines, and / or to the hopper of the tempering device for road and rail transport, and / or to the hopper above the filling machine.

 Before feeding the flour into the airlock feeder of the aerosol transport line, the flour can be controlled in sieving machines.

 Bulk storage silos of flour can be dedusted using an aspiration network, which is blocked with aerosol transport lines.

 The flour can be knocked out into bags on rotary weighing machines, at least some of which are equipped with at least three pairs of feeders to ensure that at least three grades of flour are alternately beaten without stripping the feeders.

 At least part of the flour can be packaged on an automatic line into roll paper bags, which are made and marked on the same line, after which the bags on this line are filled with flour, the weight of each bag is controlled, the bags are sealed and sent to a group packaging machine and formed packs of six packages weighing 12 kg, and then they are laid manually on a pallet.

Bran during transportation via the pneumatic transport network can be dried in an air with a temperature of 110 to 160 ^o C. Dried bran can be mixed with the other bran and, after sectional weighing with an aerosol transfer line, the bran is sent to the hopper, and from there to the granulation and / or feed mill, and / or to a vacation device serving motor vehicles.

 At least part of the granulated bran with a chain conveyor can be sent to silos, which are equipped with vibro-unloaders and valves, from where the bran is loaded into wagons. Flour can be transported in railway flour carriers. Flour carriers may be supplied with flour from a tempering device equipped with hoppers into which flour is fed via one aerosol transport line.

 Flour can be fed into the hopper of the tempering device by an aerosol-transport line, which is blocked with an aspiration network.

 The problem is also solved due to the fact that in the method of receiving, transporting and storing cereals, which includes post-harvest processing, delivery, quality control and supply of raw grain to storage facilities and / or elevators, storage, preparation of grain for grinding by preliminary cleaning at an elevator, transportation in the grain cleaning department of the elevator, and / or the groats shop and / or the plant, cleaning weed impurities and / or impurities of grains of other crops, and / or metallomagnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, separating at least once, processing in magnetic and stone separation systems, hydrothermal treatment, treatment in peeling systems, winnowing and aspiration after treatment, at least in part of systems with separation of peeling products and directing grain and / or waste into the main and / or reserve storage tanks with lids and / or bins using at least part of pneumatic transport operations with simultaneous aspiration of the product by passing air through the filter surface for at least h one tank connected to an aspiration system, controlling grain and / or waste in separators and / or aspirators with the release of suitable grain and / or broken grain, sorting, aspiration and / or screening, passing through magnetic devices with the release of cereals of the desired variety or varieties, packaging and transportation to bins, and / or warehouses, and / or dispatch to the consumer, when carrying out the suction, the container and / or containers are connected to the suction unit and / or with each other with the possibility of combined and / or selective switching of at least than one additional duct and the formation of the filter surface area of at least one container with an excess of the area of the corresponding air-transparent surface portion of this capacity in the range from 1.002 to 230 reduced diameters of the air-transparent area and the shape of the filter surface in the form of a spatial shell of constant and / or variable curvature or combined configuration with the maximum distance of its vertex from the plane, combined with at least one non-linear segment of the cont cheers of the air-transparent section, or from the horizontal projection plane of the corresponding air-transparent section to a distance of 0.02 to 78 reduced diameters of the area of the air-transparent section.

 At the same time, when carrying out the aspiration process, at least one air filter insert can be used as a filter surface, which is installed in the lid cavity of the main and / or reserve storage containers, or at least one air filter membrane serving as a filter surface is used at the same time with the cover of the main and / or reserve storage tank, or at least one insert for filtering the supplied air is used as a filter surface, a cat an open one is installed in the upper part of the wall of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, in which case the insert for filtering the supplied air is made in the form of a fragment of a cylindrical surface, or double curvature, or in the form of a concave or convex-concave polyhedron, or convex relative to the surface of the walls of the tank, or in a combined form from a combination of straight and / or curved sections, or in the form of an annular continuous or discrete shell.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least one air-filtering element can be used as a filter surface, which is made in the form of a removable shell, while in the upper part of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, a cut is made in which a shell with air-filtering elements, the cut-out area being at least 1% of the cross-sectional area of the corresponding container with a multifaceted configuration or at least 2.3% of the cross-sectional area the value of the corresponding capacity of cylindrical or variable curvature or combined configuration.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least two air filter inserts, air filter membranes, inserts for filtering the supplied air and air filter elements can be used as a filter surface, while the area ratio of any two filter elements is 1: 1 15.

 To seal the main and backup storage tanks, any filtering elements that make up the filter surface can be connected to the tanks by means of clamps with sealant, and at least some of the connections are detachable.

 For carrying out preventive or repair work during the aspiration process, the main and / or reserve storage tanks can additionally be equipped with water-tight membranes, which are installed to ensure complete cessation of air supply to the replaceable filter element.

 An air filter insert, or an air filter membrane, or an insert for filtering the supplied air, or an air filter element can be made in the form of a shell containing at least one double curvature section, or at least one single curvature section, or combinations thereof, or from combinations of curvilinear and / or straight sections.

 In the process of aspiration, air can be injected to form a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical or multicylindrical section formed by at least two jointed fragments of cylinders of constant and variable curvature, interconnected directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or to form a shell shape containing at least one conical or polyconic section formed from fragments of conical and / or polyconic curvature directly connected to each other either directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical or poly-cylindrical section formed from fragments of cylindrical and / or poly-cylindrical curvature, interconnected directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical and / or conical and / or spherical and / or spheroidal and / or ellipsoidal and / or parabolic and / or hypovoid and / or toroidal part.

 The shell may be provided with an inner frame.

 The filter surface can be made of high-strength woven or fibrous non-woven material, moreover, for example, overcoat cloth is used as a high-strength woven material, and for example, as a fibrous non-woven cloth.

The design for aspiration with a filter surface can be made of at least two filter layers with different strength and transmittance, which are arranged in order to increase their strength and transmittance, or fasten together with the formation of cavities, at least one of which, at least at least partially filled with granular filler, while the differentiated throughput in at least one layer is formed to provide a pressure differential between the internal and external nd its surfaces in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 MPa at operating speeds Suction suspended in an air stream of dispersed particles and the minimum sectional area of the receiving holes of at least 60 microns ² in the filter surface.

 The filtering surface can be subjected to vibrational effects, ensuring the restoration of its transmittance. Vibrational effects can create by differential pressure in the tank.

 To carry out the aspiration process, additional containers can be installed that are equipped with filters and connected to the general aspiration system with additional air ducts.

 Post-harvest processing can be carried out directly at the cultivation sites, on indoor and / or open currents, and / or at elevators, and / or cereal shops and / or plants by accepting grain, forming lots, cleaning, drying, active ventilation and shipment.

 All harvested grain can be processed in places of cultivation according to a three-link system: a combine harvester is a procurement enterprise.

 All grain can be processed at a procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises according to a two-tier system: combine harvesting enterprise.

 Part of the grain can be processed at the procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises, and part remaining in the agro-industrial complex at a current or at an agricultural point.

 In the post-harvest grain processing, after the arrival of car lots, they can take samples, determine the quality and determine the place of unloading grain, weigh on a truck scale, mechanized unloading, after which grain is preliminarily cleaned, in the presence of rice, the spikes are separated, in the presence of corn, threshing ears and grain cleaning after threshing, then batches of crops and quality are formed into storage tanks, grain is weighed and transferred to the operational tanks of the elevator, where they dry the grain to a state that is stable in storage and clean it on air sieve separators from short impurities, from long impurities, on stone separation machines, on air sorting tables, on air aspirators with the release of suitable grain, cooling it with artificially cooled air, then atmospheric air and sending grain for storage with the parallel collection of waste, the destruction of unusable, the sale of suitable waste and / or sending them for processing.

 Acceptance of grain and / or its release can be carried out respectively from water transport and to water transport, from railway transport and to railway transport.

 Post-harvest preparation and / or cleaning of the initial grain raw materials can be performed on elevators, including interconnected via silos and / or bunkers, and / or equipment, a working building with technological and transport equipment, a silo building with transport and other equipment, devices for acceptance of grain from cars, and / or wagons, and / or ships, devices for dispensing grain to various types of transport and grain processing enterprises, a waste workshop, an aspiration and waste disposal system.

 In the working building of the elevator, they can be accepted from automobile, railway and water transport, technological processing, quality control or preparation of grinding lots, distribution to silos or warehouses associated with the elevator, vacation to automobile, railway, water transport or to an enterprise.

 In the production of cereals, they can carry out the separation of the initial grain raw materials in flour mills, cereals or feed mills.

 Separation can be carried out by cleaning the grain from impairing conditions for its processing or reducing the quality of the finished product impurities and sorting the grain mixture into fractions of different quality for separate processing.

 The separation can be carried out by thickness, and / or width, and / or length, and / or sectional shape, and / or speed of rotation, and / or density, and / or density and friction coefficient, and / or elasticity and coefficient of impact friction, and / or the coefficient of friction and / or slip and / or rolling, and / or the magnetic susceptibility, and / or the dielectric constant, and / or the reflection coefficient of the light flux.

 Separation can be carried out by acting on the grain mixture with aerodynamic forces and / or bulk inertia forces that vary in magnitude and direction, and / or gravitational gravity with centrifugal inertia and gravity, and / or magnetic and / or electric forces, and / or sequential and / or time-combined exposure to the grain mixture by a combination of forces.

 After separation and separation of various impurities from the grain mixture, the grain surface can be cleaned of mineral dust and / or microorganisms and / or contaminants and / or particles of fruit membranes.

 The grain surface can be cleaned in flour mills by treating grain in scouring machines with an abrasive surface or with a steel cylinder, and then in brushing machines in a dry and / or wet way using washing machines.

 In enterprises with mechanical and pneumatic transport of grain products, radial scouring machines with an emery or steel cylinder and brushing machines can be used, and the peripheral speed of the scouring drum is selected depending on the hardness of the processed crop, increasing for softer grain and decreasing for harder grain.

The peripheral speed of the scouring drum for rye can be taken equal to 15 - 18 m / s, for soft wheat 13 15 m / s, for durum wheat 10 11 m / s, and processing is carried out to obtain the grain surface without damage, and dust ash not less than 10 %
Processing in brushing machines can be carried out before separating the exfoliated particles of the shells and removing dust from the surface and from the groove of the grain and receiving waste in an amount of 0.2 0.3% relative to the weight of the grain, with an ash content of 4.0 4.5% and in the process the processing adjusts the gap between the working surfaces of the brushes while maintaining its value in the range from 3 to 6 mm.

 When cleaning the surface of the grain, mainly rye, in husking machines, they can remove the upper, most contaminated shells, mineral dust, bacteria and molds while reducing the ash content by 0.10 0.11% fiber content by 0.92 0.96% and increasing the relative a starch content of 2.44 2.62% and a bulk density of 56 58 g / l.

 Processing in washing machines can expose grain, mainly defective, affected by smut, or bitter wormwood, and the grain is cleaned of dust and microorganisms with the simultaneous release of heavy and light impurities.

 Grain processing in a washing machine can be carried out by rising jets of water, which are created by a rotating screw to move the grain and maintain it in suspension, and the released mineral impurities, stones and sand, are moved in the lower level in the opposite direction, collected in appropriate periodic emptying tanks, moreover, from the washing bath, the grain is fed into the fused chamber, in which light mixtures float and periodically are removed, and then, under water pressure, the grain is fed to the squeezing column with one by rinsing it at the same time and dehydrating the grain and flaking it, the washing water is subjected to purification in a liquid separator.

 Before cleaning, coagulant aluminum sulfate can be added to the washing water in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5%, and after cleaning, the bacteriologically clean centrate is returned to the grain washing plant.

 Simultaneously with the grain washing, they can be treated with ultrasound and / or ultraviolet irradiation, and / or hydrocyclones are used.

 Washing water can be cleaned by sending it to a grain collector, separating large impurities, after which the water is sent to a separator where it is purified, then the filtered water is poured into the chlorination tank, and after settling, the purified and disinfected water is pumped into the tank, mixed with clean water and returned to the grain washing, and the separated large impurities are squeezed in a press and dried in a screw dryer.

 Hydrothermal processing of grain can be carried out at cereal plants to directionally change the initial technological properties of grain and enhance differences in the properties of shells and endosperm, and when hydrothermal processing at a cereal plant, the strength of the endosperm is increased and the strength of the shells is reduced.

 Hydrothermal processing of grain in a flour mill can be carried out by cold, or hot, or high-speed conditioning.

 Cold conditioning can be carried out by wetting the grain and then smoothening, moreover, wetting is carried out by washing or by feeding the estimated amount of drip-liquid water to the grain mass.

 High-vitreous grains after trimming can be moistened and re-trimmed.

 Hot conditioning can be carried out by washing, treating in an air-to-water air conditioner and smoothing. Before processing in an air-water conditioner, the grain can be processed in a steamer or steam column until the desired temperature is obtained by the grain.

 Before wetting, the grain can be dampened.

 High-speed conditioning can be carried out by short-term steaming, keeping in a heated state in a thermally insulated crate and subsequent washing with cold tap water. After washing, the grain can be processed in a dehumidifier or dampened.

 Hydrothermal treatment at cereals: grease, oat and pea plants can be done by steaming in batch or continuous units and subsequent drying to increase core strength and fragility of flower films to increase the efficiency of the peeling process.

 Peeling of grain in cereal plants can be carried out on mills, and / or on machines with rubber rolls, and / or on peeling machines, and / or on peeling machines with abrasive disks and a steel surface, and / or on scouring (scouring) machines.

 Peeling of grain in cereals can be done either by creating compressive and shear forces that cause chipping and breaking of the films during grain processing on a waltz machine, and / or machines with rubber rolls and / or on peeling machines, or by friction on an abrasive and steel surface that causes shell scraping during prolonged peeling, or by impact, causing splitting of the shells and the accompanying fractional effect of an abrasive or metal surface and details of scouring and scouring machines.

 For peeling buckwheat, they can use a valdedec machine with a deck, in which the radius of curvature is equal to the radius of the roll, while in the working position the deck is moved parallel to the roll so that the working surface of the deck is offset relative to the surface of the roll, and when processing buckwheat of the first and second fractions, the peripheral speed of the roll take 14 15 m / s, the third and fourth 12 14 m / s, the fifth and sixth 10 12 m / s, and the length of the arc of the working area of the deck 180 200 mm.

 For peeling millet, you can use a maker with a roll of abrasive mass and a peripheral speed of 15 m / s, and technical rubber decks with fabric layers and an arc length of 300 mm.

 For peeling millet, they can use a waldeck machine with two decks and the grain is subjected to double processing.

 For rice peeling, machines with rubber rolls rotating towards each other at different speeds can be used, which are set with a gap relative to each other equal to 0.6-0.8 mm, and the ratio of the speed circle of a rapidly rotating to the peripheral speed of a slowly rotating roll is 1 , 45.

 For peeling oats and rice, they can be used with a lower runner and two disks, the working surface of which is covered with abrasive mass, one of which is stationary and the other is mounted on a vertical rotating shaft, and the peripheral speed of the rotating disk is taken with primary peeling 13 15 m / s, and when peeling off similar products 12 m / s.

 For peeling barley, wheat, oats with a moisture content of more than 13% and corn, percussion flushing striking machines can be used, moreover, peeling of grain with a moisture content of more than 14% is carried out at higher speeds than with peeling of dry grain, while at the same time peeling of similar products the peripheral speed of pests take no more than 20 m / s, with the first peeling of wheat 16 18 m / s, with the second 14 m / s, with peeling of oats 20 22 m / s, and corn 10 14 m / s.

 Grain production can be carried out by processing grain in the grain-cleaning, hydrothermal and peeling departments of cereal shops and / or plants, and in the grain-cleaning department from the grain accepted for processing, impurities, grains of other crops, underdeveloped hollow grains of the main crop are removed, spacers are separated and grain is divided on fractions by size, in the hydrothermal compartment, the refined grain is exposed to moisture and heat to increase the yield of cereals, reduce the cooking time and increase the resistance of cereals during storage, and in the husking department, the shells, the embryo are not digestible by the human body, the groats are given the desired shape, their appearance is improved and sorted into particles of uniform size, and at least part of the grain and / or the intermediate processing product is aspirated followed by control in magnetic devices.

 In the peeling unit, cereals can simultaneously process by-products.

 In cereal shops and / or factories, cereals can produce cereal flakes, cereals of high biological value and baby flour simultaneously with the production of cereals.

Grain can be cleaned of impurities before millet and oats are obtained with a weed impurity content of more than 0.3% rice, barley and wheat not more than 0.4% buckwheat and peas not more than 0.5%, and the grain is cleaned to contain mineral impurities for all crops except peas, not more than 0.1% in peas not more than 0.05% and the content of cockle in oats and wheat not more than 0.1%
Grains can be pre-cleaned in an elevator with simultaneous aspiration, then fed into bins, weighed on an automatic balance, then cleaned at least twice in separators, and completely coarse impurities and at least 80% fine and light are separated during the first cleaning. impurities that form non-feed waste, while the size of the holes of the screening screens of the separator is taken to correspond to the grain size, and the size of the holes of the sowing screen to select fine impurities, after separation of grain they are lowered through magnetic apparatuses to separate the bulk of the metal-magnetic impurities, then the grain is passed through stone separating machines, triers, and at the end of the treatment they are aspirated, passed through magnetic apparatuses, weighed on an automatic balance and the amount of waste is determined by the difference in the readings of the scales, and then the grain is sent to hydrothermal or peeling department.

 When processing buckwheat, sorting into fractions can be combined with the selection of difficultly separated impurities on sieves with triangular openings.

 Hydrothermal treatment can be performed by steaming grain, smoothing, drying and cooling.

 In the peeling unit, grain can be sorted by size, then peeled, then sorted (enriched) of peeling products, crushing or cutting the kernel, grinding the cereals, polishing, sorting by size and control of cereals and waste.

 From millet they can receive polished millet, buckwheat from buckwheat, chopped Smolensk cereal, uncooked oat, crushed oat flakes, Hercules flakes, oat, from grain rice: polished rice, polished rice, crushed rice, rice cereal, expanded rice (air) , from barley pearl barley, barley, barley flattened, from Poltava wheat, Artek, semolina, wheat flakes, polished corn grits, crushed corn (rice and ordinary), cereal cereals for flakes and for corn sticks, peas, peeled whole th, chopped peas, polished peas; and they also produce cereals from sorghum, cheese and lentils.

 Popped rice, popcorn and baby flour can be made from uncooked cereals.

 They can use rice grains of the types: oblong wide grain, oblong narrow and thin grain, round-shaped grain.

When taken for storage, rice can be placed separately according to variety, moisture, weediness and content of yellowed grains, and raw and wet grain is dried to a moisture content of 13.5 to 14.5%
In the grain-cleaning department of the rice factory, they can weigh the grain that is being processed, isolate weed and grain impurities, sort by size into two fractions, additional fractional cleaning of weed millet seeds, weigh the purified grain, and monitor and process waste.

 After preliminary cleaning at the elevator, the grain can be fed into bins, weighed on an automatic balance and subjected to double sequential separation, the sorted grain is separately separated by grain size fractions through stone separation machines to select mineral impurities, after which grain is screened in aspirators, then passed through magnetic apparatuses, weighed on automatic scales, sent to bins for refined grains, and from them to the peeling department.

 Before peeling can carry out hydrothermal processing of rice grains.

 As a result of peeling rice grains, they can obtain a product consisting of a mixture of peeled and unpeeled rice, crushed grains, flour and husk, and sort and separate direction for processing: unpeeled grain for re-peeling, whole and crushed kernel for grinding, mainly separate , the flour and husk waste is separated and sent for control, and after peeling, the product is sent to double sequential aspiration and husks are removed together with the flour in aspirators, and the mixture of shelled and lushenyh grains together with crushed core krupootdelitelnye directed to machine, the mode is set krupootdeleniya secured content in the product Not peeled grains is not more than 2% whereupon the grain is fed to grinding.

 Grinding can be carried out in grinding machines until the fruit and seed membranes, the aleuron layer and the germ are separated from the core, and after processing in grinding machines, the product is sieved with the release of the crushed core and flour and sifted in aspirators with separation of the shells and small particles of flour, and in the production of polished the rice core after grinding machines is directed to sorting and control of cereals, and then to packaging, and in the production of polished rice, the core after grinding is sorted in sieving, in which the flour is isolated and crusher, and then sent to polishing machines.

 Grains can be polished by double processing in polishing sets to remove flour and traces of scratches from the surface of polished rice. When polishing rice with semi-glassy varieties, it can be steamed before polishing. After polishing, the cereals can be sorted, and the flour that has passed through a sieve of the shells of the polishing sets is sent for control.

 Rice groats after grinding and polishing can be sorted to isolate crushed rice and flour, moreover, crushed rice is additionally grinded and sieved to separate the flour, and whole rice is passed through control coarse separation machines to select accidentally ingested impurities and unpeeled grains, each grain type is aspirated, controlled in magnetic devices and after weighing sent to the packaging.

 The flour and husk can be processed to select a valuable kernel in sieving machines, at least part of the flour is granulated, oil is produced, and cake or meal is used for fodder purposes, and after fine grinding the husk is used in the production of animal feed, or for the hydrolysis method processing into fodder yeast, or for the production of furfural, tar oil, casein, synthetic rubber in the chemical industry, construction and furniture industry, for the manufacture of wrapping paper and paperboard in paper industry, for the production of gas.

 As a result of the processing of rice-grains, they can receive rice of the highest, first and second grades, crushed, fodder flour, husk, non-feed waste and feed waste.

 From oats, cereal conditions can produce oatmeal uncrushed (steamed), oatmeal (Hercules), flake flakes, cooked cereal and oatmeal.

 After preliminary cleaning, the oats in the elevator separators can be fed into bins, and as they are fed, the grain is weighed on an automatic balance, then it is passed through two to three successive separation, and then fine grain is removed through magnetic devices, the oats are sent to doll-picking machines, then aspiration and weighing, followed by hydrothermal treatment.

 After weighing in the factory with pneumatic transport of processed products, oats can be subjected to sequential separation after weighing in an automatic balance, with the first of which the grains are cleaned of the bulk of impurities, and with the second and third, they are also cleaned of impurities and divided into two fractions, after which each fraction is treated separately which aspirate and isolate weeds and light grains, and in the sorting machine and triera, oats and cockles and other short impurities, respectively, are isolated, while small and sensitive ec weighed and fed into a separate bin, where the accumulation is returned to the silo or sent to waste shop.

 For control, a burate can be installed in the waste shop, and the aspirator is first sieved through the sieve of the Burat system, after which the descent from the Burat is fed to the aspirator, the selected full grain is connected to the stream, which is sent for further purification, and transferred to the waste bins.

Hydrothermal treatment of oats can be carried out by steaming, drying and cooling, and during steaming and drying, maintain a temperature of 65 90 ^o C, and after drying and cooling, the oats are immediately sent for peeling.

Oats can be steamed at a vapor pressure of 0.1 MPa for 2 minutes, and drying is carried out until a moisture content of not more than 11% is reached
Oats can be cooled by aspiration, and after hydrothermal treatment, the grain is additionally separated and small oats are selected.

 Uncrushed polished oatmeal can be produced by sorting grain before peeling, peeling, grinding, controlling cereals and waste, moreover, oats are sorted into two fractions in the plants at the plants, after which each fraction is separately processed, and small, puny grains not separated in the grain cleaning department, taken away.

Peeling can be carried out once or repeatedly in sets and / or washing machines, and grain with a moisture content of 13.0 to 13.5% is used, while peeling is carried out to ensure the number of crushed core particles, after the first peeling, not more than 4% and after selection from peeling products husk and crushed particles, the content of the core in a mixture with unshelled grains is at least 85%
Sorting of peeling products can be carried out by separating crushed grains and powdery particles, winding husks by aspiration and selecting unshelled grains from the kernel for referral to repeated peeling.

 A mixture of husked, unshelled grains and husks can be aspirated, moreover, husk can be completely separated by double sequential aspiration after processing in the main peeling systems and single aspiration after passing through the descent system, and after husk winding, the product is sent to large separation machines, in which they are more completely separated mixtures, after which the core is sent for grinding, and the unshelled grains are sent to a descent peeling machine for repeated peeling.

 When grinding the oat kernel, they can remove pubescent hairs, fruit and seed membranes and the germ, moreover, grinding is carried out at least twice, and after grinding, the cereal is sieved, and barley, wheat and other impurities are isolated immediately, and sieving is carried out on different sieves and at the same time, crushed fodder grain is taken, after which the croup is subjected to double aspiration, controlled in magnetic apparatuses, weighed and sent to bins.

 Peeling waste can be controlled in the borate, after which the flour is sifted out, and the crushed core is collected immediately, which is aspirated and sent to the bins, the husk is also sent to the burat, the flour with the feed crusher is sifted through the sieve, and the Burat gather is subjected to double aspiration, the selected core or grain is sent to the grain separators, and the husk after weighing in the hopper with a lock gate, from which it is fed by pneumatic transport to the husk warehouse or to the briquetting workshop.

Steamed oatmeal can produce premium and first grades with humidity for long-term storage not higher than 12.5% and for current consumption no more than 14%
Millet can be produced from millet, predominantly white and cream, and from varieties of millet with a vitreous core by processing in a grain-cleaning and peeling department, and in the grain-cleaning department they process wheat from oats, buckwheat, chernushka, thousand-head and buckwheat by sifting on systems sieves and suction plants, while the prosozavod carry out three sequential separation using sieves, tilted at an angle of 6 8 ^o , with obtaining large and small fractions p dew and the allocation of fine, puny grain and small impurities, after which both flows of coarse and fine millet are separately directed to aspiration with a closed air cycle and winnowing large but underdeveloped grains of millet, after which they are cleaned in stone separation machines, and after cleaning from impurities the millet is weighed and sent to the peeling department, and the waste obtained during the cleaning of the millet is divided into feed and non-feed and only the feed waste or separately the feed and non-feed waste is controlled.

 Polished millet can be obtained by completely releasing millet kernels from color films, partly from fruit and seed shells, the germ and processing in grinding machines.

 After peeling, millet can sort out peeling products, grind millet, sort and control millet and waste.

Peeling can be done by double sequential processing of millet in valdeck machines, mainly two-deck ones with obtaining husked grains of at least 99.7% and a crushed kernel of not more than 5%
Products resulting from peeling can be sorted in sieving or double aspiration, and the selected relays are controlled in sieving machines, and after peeling, the products are sifted twice, and then the resulting millet millet is processed in grinders to produce polished millet.

 Upon receipt of buckwheat groats, grain preparation for processing can be carried out by cleaning grain from impurities in two or three separation systems in air-sieve separators, cereal sifters, triers, stone separation machines and aspirators, using sieves with triangular openings and buckwheat grain fractionation into two fractions , each of which is sent separately to subsequent sieving systems, while after two separation in sieving, difficultly separable and large impurities are first isolated, and during processing In subsequent sieving systems, difficult to separate impurities and small ones are separated, and the latter are sent to stone separating machines, and large fractions are passed through oats extraction machines and long impurities are removed, and the waste is controlled in coarse sorting.

 The grains can be hydrothermally treated by passing through steamers, vertical steam dryers and cooling columns.

 When processing grain into buckwheat, grain in sifting can be divided into six fractions, after which it is calibrated to obtain no more than 2-6% grains in each grain fraction and then each of the six fractions is separately peeled and sorted by peeling products.

 The nucleus isolated after sorting the products of peeling of all fractions can be combined and sent to control the nucleus. The husk isolated after sorting the products of peeling of all fractions can be combined. Separated after sorting the products of peeling of all fractions, prodel can be combined with flour. Peeling of the grain can be made in valdedek machines.

 After isolation of husks in the aspirators, the remaining unpeeled grains can be returned for re-peeling in valcedec machines.

 The control of the nucleus in coarse sorting or sieving can be carried out in two streams, the first of which combines the nucleus obtained from the peeling systems of the previews, the second, third and fourth fractions, and the second stream - the nucleus from the peeling systems of the fifth and sixth fractions.

 Prodel can be controlled on sieves with openings of 1.6x2.0 mm in size, the passage is divided into two fractions, and the exit from the sieves is sent to control the nucleus.

 After control, each fraction can be suctioned, husk is isolated, and then both fractions are pooled.

 Barley groats can be produced from barley, which is fed into the bins, and then subjected to three-fold sequential separation, and on the first separation system, non-feed waste is separated by passage through a sowing sieve, then the grain is cleaned in magnetic devices, subjected to two-time sequential separation, and passage through sowing sieves produce a fine fraction, from which fine and punctured barley grain is taken in borates or sorting machines, after which I weigh the fine (feed) barley t and sent to the bunker. Small barley can be returned to the elevator for recycling.

 After sieving fine grain, barley can be sent to a stone separation machine, and then to a puppet picker, and then barley is peeled by three to four successive processing in a washing machine, after which the product is aspirated to separate husk to obtain a penny.

 Five barley pearls can produce pearl barley by crushing large grains, grinding and polishing cereals, sorting pearl barley by size (numbers), and controlling cereals and waste.

 Grinding can be carried out by three sequential processing in grinding machines.

Polishing can be performed by sequential processing of cereals for 2
3 polishing systems, then the cereals are sorted by size and controlled in suction units, and then in magnetic devices, and after sifting out the flour, the cereals are sent to grain sorting or screening, where they are sorted into five numbers.

 Barley groats can be produced by cleaning barley from impurities and then sending the grain to the washing machines, where they are peeled until the flower films are completely removed from the surface of the kernel, and then the penjack is polished twice, moreover, the grain is crushed on four successive roller systems, after each of which the products are sorted in sieving, grouped by size and aspirate, the debris from the first sieve of sieving is sent to the next system, and the flour to control.

 After grinding, barley groats can be sorted into three fractions according to size, each fraction is aspirated, cleaned in magnetic devices and sent to bins, at the same time control the flour and husks.

 Poltava and Artek can polish wheat grits from hard wheat (Durum) of the type II vitreous by triple separation of grain, in which, in addition to fodder and non-feed waste, fine grains are isolated on the second and third separation systems, then punctured grains are sifted from this fraction, which are referred to fodder waste, and after separation, the grain is cleaned in stone separation, and then in puppet-picking and oats-picking machines, and wheat is also sent to scouring machines with an abrasive surface for pre-peeling, moreover, after each peeling system, the grain is aspirated and the waste is sifted off, after which the wheat purified from impurities and partially peeled off is sent to the peeling department, and the waste after scrubbing systems and aspirators are controlled in a sieving machine, isolating large parts of crushed grain that are sent to peeling department, where four numbers of Poltava groats and Artek groats are produced by moistening wheat before grinding, three sequential grinding in machines, sorting Ia products after grinding, polishing and polished cereal waste control, the rump of each room after the screening was subjected to aspiration, is controlled in magnetic devices, weighed and fed into the bins.

 Pea groats can be produced by processing peas in cereal plants into husked peas (whole polished grains) and crushed peas (cotyledon particles) by pre-cleaning the peas, sending them to bins, then weighing them in an automatic scale and double cleaning the impurities in the separator, and large ones impurities are removed immediately from the receiving and upper screens of the separators, small ones (seeds of different plants, crushed peas) are selected on the sowing screen, punctured grains of various cereals are isolated in the separators, severely damaged peas and organic impurities, and after separators and magnetic apparatuses, peas are sent to sorting machines, where small peas and large impurities are separated from the bulk of the grain, and grain is passed through to separate lentils, vetch, and defective peas that have a non-spherical shape through belt peeling machines, and after cleaning the grain from impurities, good-quality peas are passed through an automatic scale and sent for hydrothermal treatment, and then for peeling and polishing.

Hydrothermal treatment can be carried out by wetting, steaming, drying and cooling the peas to a temperature not exceeding 25 ^o C, after which the peas are weighed and sent without peeling.

 In the peeling department, whole peas can be produced and chopped peas are polished by sorting to peeling, peeling, sorting peeling products, polishing cereals and control, and before peeling, the peas are sorted into two or three fractions, the whole peas are peeled by double processing, and after the first system the product, consisting of shelled and unshelled whole peas, halves, chop, flour and husk, is sent to sifting and descent sieves for large peas and sieves for small peas emit whole peas peeled and unshelled with a large husk and direct this product to the second peeling systems, the gathering of other sieves (chopped peas) and large parts of the pea kernel are sent to grinding machines, and particles of the crushed kernel (grain) are emitted by passing through these sieves, which are aspirated, and then sent to a roller mill and processed into pea flour, and in the machines of the second system, the peeling of whole peas is completed, and the products obtained after the second peeling are sorted in sieving, the whole kernel of peeled peas is subjected to spirals, then control or polish, and the remaining products, the chopped core, crushed particles and flour, are attached to similar products obtained after the first system and processed with them.

 Before polishing, the cereal can be sent to a horizontal screw steamer with driers in which, at a vapor pressure of 0.03 MPa, the thin surface layer of the cereal is moistened until soft, and then the cereal is sent to a polishing or brush machine, and after polishing, the cereal is sorted, whole polished peas are obtained immediately sieve, and chopped polished peas by the descent of other sieves, grains sorted by size are suctioned, cleaned in magnetic apparatus, then sent to bins, sifted after suction Separated Muchka, winnowing to the aspirator with the release of core particles, and pea husk is used as the feedstuff.

 Semolina type cereals can be produced from chopped ground peas by crushing pea kernels into small groats of two fractions, large and medium, in two roller mills, followed by sorting of products in sieving after each system, then the groats are aspirated, controlled in magnetic machines and fed to the packaging.

Corn can produce crushed three-dimensional corn grits, polished corn grits, large cereals for flakes and small cereals for the production of corn sticks, and for the production of cereals they use siliceous yellow corn, silicon white and semi-tooth white with a moisture content of not more than 15% and a weed content of not more than 2%
Before the production of cereals, corn can be cleaned twice by separation with the separation of weed seeds of wild-growing and cultivated plants, with crushed, corroded and underdeveloped grains of flint and tooth-shaped corn, small grains of popcorn (rice and pearl barley) and other foreign inclusions are classified as grain impurities and sent to feed waste.

 If there is a mineral impurity in the grain, the grain can be passed through a stone separation machine, and the passages through the sowing screens of the separators are sorted on sieves and divided into feed and non-feed.

When cleaning grain, they can prepare for separation of the embryo by moistening the grain with water at a temperature of 40 ^o C with a moisture content of 15 to 16%, after which the silica corn is cured for 3 hours, and powdery corn for 2 hours, or instead of moisturizing and curing, the grain is steamed steam with a pressure of 0.07 MPa for 3-5 minutes with a moisture content of 16%, after which the grain is processed.

 Processing of cleaned and prepared grain can be done by crushing, selecting the germ, grinding cereals, sorting and control of cereals and waste.

 Crushing of grain can be carried out in grinders (de-determinants) or rollers with a roll cutter: upper ring-shaped, lower - longitudinal, moreover, the products obtained by crushing are sorted in sieving, and large parts of crushed grain are sent to the second system for re-crushing, then the product obtained by passage through a receiving sieve, they are sorted into 4-5 fractions, the gathering of sieves separately by fractions is suctioned and shells are isolated, and then sorted on pneumatic tables, and the passage of the sieves in the form of fine cereals they are sent to roller mills for grinding into flour, and on pneumatic tables, the product is divided into three fractions, one of which is of low density, consisting mainly of germ particles, is fed to the pneumatic table to control the embryo, the heaviest fraction consisting of cereal freed from the embryo subjected to aspiration, and then sent to the first grinding system, and the intermediate fraction obtained from the middle channels of the pneumatic tables, depending on the quality served for grinding or re-sorting Table of cereals.

 After double processing on pneumatic tables, the embryo can be sent to screw dryers, where 10% of the corn is dried to a moisture content, and the maize endosperm particles are polished by four sequential processing in grinding machines, and after each grinding system, the products are sieved in sieves in which the powdery particles are separated and finely divided cereal, which is ground into flour on a separate roller system. After grinding, cereals are freed from fruit shells and the embryo, after which the cereals are sorted by size into five numbers, the cereals of each number are suctioned, controlled in magnetic apparatuses and sent to bins.

Corn grits for flakes and corn sticks can be produced coarse and fine in parallel by peeling silica corn, after which the grain is moistened with warm water at a temperature of 35 40 ^o C to a moisture content of 20 - 22% and cured for 20 30 minutes, after curing, the grain is sent to the drum the crusher is a nucleus separator (de-determinator), where the grain is crushed by grooved notches to peel the shell and the germ from the endosperm, after which the crushing products are dried to a moisture content of 15%, they are aspirated and small flours are separated the sheet and shell particles, and then sorted, and the descent from the sieves in the form of poorly crushed grains is returned to re-crushing, and the large flour is suctioned, controlled in magnetic apparatus and sent to bins, fine cereals and the exit from small sieves are separately aspirated, separating mealy and shell particles, and then sorted on pneumatic tables, where the germ is isolated, the croup freed from the shell particles and the germ is crushed in four sequential roller mill systems, sorted in sieving and adjusted to fine cereals, which are enriched in a sieve machine, are controlled in magnetic devices and fed into bins.

 At least part of the large cereal intended for the production of flakes can be sent to roller mills, sifters and other machines, and then cereal for corn sticks is obtained.

 At least two cereal workshops or two cereal plants can be located on one territory in at least two production buildings, where different crops are processed, using a common elevator, a transformer substation and other main and auxiliary structures, but separate states serving workers.

 At least two workshops for the simultaneous parallel processing of at least two cereal crops can be located in one production building, while at least part of the general main and auxiliary structures and the general staff of workers are used.

 In one building on one set of technological equipment 2-3 cereal crops can be periodically processed.

 Cooking-free cereals can be obtained from kernels or cereals by cooking, drying, flattening, roasting and cooling.

 Flakes from uncooked cereals can be produced at cereals from oat, barley, wheat kernels or large numbers of polished cereals (pearl barley, Poltava, corn) by steaming and briefly frying cereals, drying cereals, flattening steamed cereals, and drying flattened cereals.

Hercules oat flakes can be produced from premium oat kernels, which are further controlled and selected by crushed cereals and random impurities, after which the kernel is sent to control coarse separation machines, aspiration and magnetic apparatuses, and the kernel is steamed in a vertical steamer without drying or horizontally with drying to obtain a moisture content of 13 to 14%, after which the core is briefly swept for 20 minutes, and the kernel is crushed in a machine with two washing with parallel rolls, the axes of which are in the same horizontal plane, or in roller machines, and after conditioning, warm and wet flakes are dried and then cooled to obtain flakes with a moisture content not exceeding 12%
Steam can be supplied to a vertical steamer under a pressure of 0.05 MPa only after filling it with grits.

 After flaking, the flakes can be dried on the dryer belt, which moves at a speed of 0.4-1.2 m / min while the fan is sucking air, and the flakes are cooled by aspiration of flakes with the screening of a small amount of fine particles and flour, and after cooling, the flakes are packed into cardboard boxes with a capacity of 250 1000 g.

Petal flakes can be produced from oat kernels of the highest grade after additional grinding and subsequent sorting into two fractions
large and small, and by passing through a sieve they get flour, then each fraction is processed into petal flakes, respectively large and small, and the process of making petal flakes corresponds to the process of producing Hercules flakes.

 Flattened oat groats can be produced by flattening the kernels in roller mills with corrugated rollers, after which the groats are sieved on sieves, crushed particles are separated, aspirated, passed through magnetic machines and packaged.

 Barley flakes can be produced from a well-treated barley core of pensac or pearl barley, moreover, pendacs are completely freed from shells before being processed into flakes and polished, and after grinding, they are aspirated with the release of 1.0 1.5% of waste in the form of flour with particles of shells.

 Before flattening, the core can be intensively steamed in a horizontal steamer at a vapor pressure of 0.12 0.15 MPa for 2 to 4 minutes, and then the grain is sent to bins, where it is cured for 1 h, after which the core is dried to a moisture content not exceeding 15% and flattening is carried out in a roller mill, after which the flattened flakes are once again controlled by isolating small grains, aspirated, isolating powdery particles and metal-magnetic impurities are separated.

 The fiber can be produced from the oat kernel, which is subjected to deep hydrothermal treatment, whereby oatmeal is first obtained, and then it is ground into flour.

Hydrothermal processing of grain in the production of corn can be done after cleaning the grain from impurities by soaking the grain with water heated to 35 ^o C for 2 hours, keeping in a cooking apparatus at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 1.5- 2.0 hours and subsequent drying in steam dryers to a moisture content of 5-6% and then sent for processing by grinding in roller mills with subsequent sieving.

 Cereals and / or flour from the grain of various cereals with different protein and vitamin composition can be combined in accordance with the recipe to obtain a more valuable flour mixture.

 Skimmed milk powder may be added to the flour. Dry egg white can be added to flour.

 Buckwheat, or rice, or oat, or pea groats can be enriched by grinding the cereals into flour, after which the flour and skimmed milk powder are separately sent to the sifter for control and fed to the hopper with dispensers installed under them, then the flour and milk powder are dosed in in accordance with the recipe, it is fed into the mixer and, after thorough mixing, a homogeneous flour mixture is fed into the hopper above the press having a dough mixer and dies for cereals with holes, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the shape and size m rice or pea, or buckwheat. After passing the matrices, the cereal is slightly steamed, dried in a drying unit to a moisture content of 12-13%, sorted by size in bulk sorting or screening, controlled on magnetic machines, and then packed.

 At the same time, vitamins and / or various fortifying additives can be fed into the mixer along with the supply of flour and milk powder.

 Can produce cereals "Health" with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Crushed rice 73
Wheat flour 15
Skimmed milk powder 10
Egg white dry 2
Groats "Jubilee" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Crushed rice 70
Wheat flour 15
Skimmed milk powder 15
Groats "Pioneer" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Passed buckwheat 90
Skimmed milk powder 10
Krupna "Sportivnaya" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Oatmeal 90
Skimmed milk powder 10
Grain "Navy" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Passed buckwheat 70
Barley groats 30
Groats "Union" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Passed buckwheat 70
Barley groats 28
Egg white dry 2
Grain "Strong" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Barley groats 15
Split peas 70
Wheat flour 15
Grain "South" can produce with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Barley groats 10
Split peas 20
Wheat flour 20
Corn flour 50
Grains can be stored at grain processing enterprises - flour mills and cereals, and / or consumer warehouses, sales facilities and individual procurement enterprises.

 Grain processing products can be stored in containers in one-, two- or three-story warehouses or without containers in special storages equipped with stationary mechanization.

 As containers can use bags, and / or barrels, and / or cans.

 Bags with flour and cereal in warehouses can be stacked with a tee and / or five, and / or four, and / or a well. The height of the stack can take from 6 to 14 rows of bags, and with a height of more than 10 rows, each row above the tenth is laid indented inward to the width of one bag. Bags can be stacked on wooden pallets with a height of at least 0.1 m.

 Passages of not less than 0.7 m are left between stacks, stacks and walls, and provide for main passages with a width of 2.5 to 4.5 m. Stacks can be placed so that each stack, at least on one side, adjoins the main passage for providing access to mechanization facilities.

 The warehouse can be located next to the railway and / or road, and the floor of the first floor is placed on a bedding 1.1 m high from the rail head and at this height outside the warehouse on the side of the road platforms are built 4.15 m wide with canopies above them.

 When storing cereals in containers, packaging (pick-up) can be made directly at the mill and / or flour mill, or at the groats plant. Bags with groats from the outflow compartment can be conveyed by belt to a bag forming machine, then the formed bags on pallets are transported by electric forklifts and stacked.

 The warehouse may include a compartment for packaging finished products in paper bags and / or boxes.

 At least part of the semolina can be stored in silos, from where they are knocked out in bags through weighing machines.

 At least part of semolina can be packed on an automatic line on which packages of roll paper are made, marked, filled with packages of suspended flour, the weight of each package is controlled, sealed, after which the packages of flour are fed to a group packaging machine, packs of six are formed packages weighing 12 kg, and then they are laid manually on a pallet.

 Semolina can be packed on automatic scales in packages weighing 0.5 and 1.0 kg, after which the bags are fastened with metal clips, then packages with groats in packs of 20 kg are placed in metal boxes, which are stacked on a pallet in five rows six boxes in each, and the rows are laid in a dressing.

 Aspiration units can be blocked with technological and transport equipment into a single automated system. At least part of the raw materials and / or products can be stored with technological conditioning.

 The problem is also solved due to the fact that in the method of obtaining transportation and storage of animal feed, which includes post-harvest processing, delivery, quality control and supply of raw grain to storage facilities and / or elevators, storage, preparation of grain for grinding by preliminary cleaning at an elevator, transportation to grain cleaning department of the elevator and / or feed mill and / or plant, cleaning of weeds, and / or grain and / or metal impurities in the grain cleaning department, separation, at least , a single treatment of the surface of the grain in scouring, and / or brushing and / or peeling systems, hydrothermal treatment by wetting and subsequent coagulation of grain, winnowing and aspiration of the product after processing, at least in part of systems with separation and direction of grain and / or waste into main and / or reserve storage tanks with lids and / or bins using at least part of pneumatic conveying operations with simultaneous aspiration of the product by passing air through a filter surface at least one container connected to the aspiration system, control of grain and / or waste in separators, and / or borates, and / or aspirators with the release of suitable grain and / or mineral impurities, and / or broken grain, crushing, aspiration and at least once re-cleaning, grinding by single or multiple sequential passing of grain crushing products through grinding and / or systems to obtain ingredients for animal feed, when carrying out the aspiration, the container and / or containers are connected to the aspiration unit / or with each other with the possibility of combining and / or selective switching by at least one additional duct and the formation of the filtering surface area of at least one container with the excess area of the corresponding air-transparent surface portion of this container in the range from 1.002 to 230 reduced diameters of the air-transparent surface plot, and the shape of the filtering surface in the form of a spatial shell of constant and / or variable curvature or combined configuration with maximum removal e vertices of the plane, combined with at least one rectilinear segment of the contour portion aeroprozrachnogo or the horizontal projection plane corresponding aeroprozrachnogo portion by a distance of from 0.02 to 78 aeroprozrachnogo reduced diameter portion area.

 At the same time, during the aspiration process, at least one air-filter insert can be used as a filter surface, which is installed in the lid cavity of the main and / or reserve storage tanks, or at least one air-filter membrane serving as a filter surface is used at the same time with the cover of the main and / or reserve storage tank, or at least one insert for filtering the supplied air is used as a filter surface, a cat the open one is installed in the upper part of the wall of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, in which case the insert for filtering the supplied air is made in the form of a fragment of a cylindrical surface, or double curvature, or in the form of a concave or convex-concave polyhedron, or convex relative to the surface of the walls of the tank, or in a combined form from a combination of straight and / or curved sections, or in the form of a continuous ring or discrete shell.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least one air-filtering element can be used as a filter surface, which is made in the form of a removable shell, while in the upper part of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, a cut is made in which a shell with an air-filtering element, the cut-out area being at least 1% of the cross-sectional area of the corresponding container with a multifaceted configuration or at least 2.3% of the cross-sectional area the value of the corresponding capacity of cylindrical or variable curvature or combined configuration.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least two air filter inserts, air filter membranes, inserts for filtering the supplied air and air filter elements can be used as a filter surface, while the area ratio of any two filter elements is 1: 1 15.

 To seal the main and backup storage tanks, any filtering elements that make up the filter surface can be connected to the tanks by means of clamps with sealant, and at least some of the connections are detachable.

 For carrying out preventive or repair work during the aspiration process, the main and / or reserve storage tanks can additionally be equipped with airtight membranes, which are installed to ensure complete cessation of air supply to the replaceable filter element.

 An air filter insert, or an air filter membrane, or an insert for filtering the supplied air, or an air filter element can be made in the form of a shell containing at least one double curvature section, or at least one single curvature section, or combinations thereof, or from combinations of curvilinear and / or straight sections.

 In the process of aspiration, air can be injected to form a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical or multicylindrical section formed by at least two jointed fragments of cylinders of constant and variable curvature, interconnected directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or to form a shell shape containing at least one conical or polyconic section formed from fragments of conical and / or polyconic curvature directly connected to each other either directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical or poly-cylindrical section formed from fragments of cylindrical and / or poly-cylindrical curvature, interconnected directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical and / or conical and / or spherical and / or spheroidal and / or ellipsoidal and / or parabolic and / or hypovoid and / or toroidal part.

 The shell may be provided with an inner frame.

 The filter surface can be made of high-strength woven or fibrous non-woven material, moreover, for example, overcoat cloth is used as high-strength woven material, and for example, as a fibrous non-woven cloth.

The design for aspiration with a filter surface can be made of at least two filter layers with different strength and transmittance, which are arranged in order of increasing their strength and transmittance, or fastened together with the formation of cavities, at least one of which, at least at least partially filled with a granular filler, while the differentiated throughput in at least one layer is formed to provide a pressure differential between internal and external its surface in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 MPa at operating speeds Suction suspended in an air stream of dispersed particles and the minimum sectional area of the receiving holes of at least 60 microns ² in the filter surface.

 The filtering surface can be subjected to vibrational effects, ensuring the restoration of its transmittance.

 Vibrational effects can create by differential pressure in the tank.

 To carry out the aspiration process, additional containers can be installed that are equipped with filters and connected to the general aspiration system with additional air ducts.

 Post-harvest processing can be carried out directly in growing areas on indoor and / or open currents, and / or in elevators, and / or in feed mills and / or in factories by receiving grain, forming lots, cleaning, drying, active ventilation and shipment.

 All harvested grain can be processed in places of cultivation according to a three-link system: a combine harvester is a procurement enterprise.

 All grain can be processed at a procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises according to a two-tier system: combine harvesting enterprise.

 Part of the grain can be processed at the procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises, and part remaining in the agricultural complex, at a current or at an agricultural point.

 In post-harvest grain processing, after the arrival of automobile batches, they can take samples, determine the quality and determine the place of unloading grain, weigh on a truck scale, mechanized unloading, after which grain is preliminarily cleaned, in the presence of rice, spikes are separated, in the presence of corn, threshing ears and grain cleaning after threshing, then batches of crops and quality are formed into storage tanks, grain is weighed and transferred to the operational tanks of the elevator, where they dry the grain to a state that is stable in storage and clean it on air screen separators from short impurities, from long impurities on dressing machines, on air sorting tables, on air aspirators with the release of suitable grain, cooling it with artificially cooled air, then atmospheric air and sending the grain to storage with the parallel collection of waste, the destruction of unusable, the sale of suitable waste and / or sending them for processing.

 Acceptance of grain and / or its release can be carried out respectively from water transport and to water transport, from railway transport and to railway transport.

 Post-harvest preparation and / or cleaning of the initial grain raw materials can be carried out on elevators, including a working building with technological and transport equipment, a silo building with transport and other equipment, receiving devices connected between each other through silos and / or bunkers and / or equipment grain from cars, and / or wagons, and / or ships, devices for dispensing grain to various types of transport and grain processing enterprises, a waste workshop, aspiration and waste disposal systems.

 In the working building of the elevator, they can be accepted from automobile, railway and water transport, technological processing, quality control or preparation of grinding lots, distribution to silos or warehouses associated with the elevator, vacation to automobile, railway, water transport or to an enterprise.

 In the production of animal feed, they can carry out the separation of feed grain in flour mills, cereals or animal feed mills.

 Separation can be carried out by cleaning the grain from impairing conditions for its processing or reducing the quality of the finished product impurities and sorting the grain mixture into fractions of different quality for separate processing.

 The separation can be carried out by thickness, and / or width, and / or length, and / or sectional shape, and / or speed of rotation, and / or density, and / or density and friction coefficient, and / or elasticity and coefficient of impact friction, and / or the coefficient of friction and / or slip and / or rolling, and / or the magnetic susceptibility, and / or the dielectric constant, and / or the reflection coefficient of the light flux.

 Separation can be carried out by acting on the grain mixture with aerodynamic forces and / or bulk inertia forces that vary in magnitude and direction, and / or gravitational gravity with centrifugal inertia and gravity, and / or magnetic and / or electric forces, and / or sequential and / or time-combined impact on the grain mixture by a combination of forces.

 After separation and separation of various impurities from the grain mixture, the grain surface can be cleaned of mineral dust and / or microorganisms and / or contaminants and / or particles of fruit membranes.

 Cleaning the grain surface is carried out by treating the grain in washing machines with an abrasive surface or with a steel cylinder, and then in the brushing machines in a dry and / or wet way using washing machines.

 In enterprises with mechanical and pneumatic transport of grain products, radial scouring machines with an emery or steel cylinder and brushing machines can be used, and the peripheral speed of the scouring drum is selected depending on the hardness of the processed crop, increasing for softer grain and decreasing for harder grain.

The peripheral speed of the scouring drum for rye can be taken equal to 15 - 18 m / s, for soft wheat 13 15 m / s, for durum wheat 10 11 m / s, and processing is carried out to obtain the grain surface without damage, and dust ash not less than 10 %
Processing in brushing machines can be carried out before separating the exfoliated particles of the shells and removing dust from the surface and from the groove of the grain and receiving waste in an amount of 0.2 0.3% relative to the weight of the grain with an ash content of 4.0 4.5%, and during processing carry out the regulation of the gap between the working surfaces of the brushes while maintaining its value in the range from 3 to 6 mm.

 When cleaning the surface of the grain, mainly rye, in husking machines, they can remove the upper most contaminated shells, mineral dust, bacteria and molds while reducing the ash content by 0.10 0.11% fiber content by 0.92 0.96% and increase a relative starch content of 2.44 2.62% and a bulk density of 56 58 g / l.

 Processing in washing machines can expose grain, mainly defective, affected by smut, or bitter wormwood, and the grain is cleaned of dust and microorganisms with the simultaneous release of heavy and light impurities.

 Grain processing in a washing machine can be carried out by rising jets of water, which are created by a rotating screw, moving the grain and keeping it in suspension, and stones and sand released by mineral impurities are moved in the lower level in the opposite direction, collected in appropriate periodically emptied containers moreover, from the washing bath, the grain is fed into the alloy chamber, in which light mixtures float and periodically are removed, and then, under water pressure, the grain is fed into the squeezing column from the same rinse it by belt and produce grain dehydration and peeling, and washing water is subjected to purification in a liquid separator.

 Before cleaning, coagulum aluminum sulfate can be added to the washing water in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.5%, and after cleaning, the bacteriologically clean centrate is returned to production for grain washing.

 Simultaneously with the grain washing, they can be processed with ultrasound and / or ultraviolet irradiation and / or hydrocyclones are used.

 Washing water can be cleaned by sending it to a grain collector, separating large impurities, after which the water is sent to a separator where it is purified, then the filtered water is poured into the chlorination tank, and after settling, the purified and disinfected water is pumped into the tank, mixed with clean water and returned to the grain washing, and the separated large impurities are squeezed in a press and dried in a screw dryer.

 Hydrothermal processing of grain can be carried out by cold, or hot, or high-speed conditioning.

 Cold conditioning can be carried out by wetting the grain and then smoothening, moreover, wetting is carried out by washing or by feeding the estimated amount of drip-liquid water to the grain mass. High-vitreous grains after trimming can be moistened and re-trimmed.

 Hot conditioning can be carried out by washing, treating in an air-to-water air conditioner and smoothing. Before processing in an air-water conditioner, the grain can be processed in a steamer or steam column until the desired temperature is obtained by the grain. Before wetting, the grain can be dampened.

 High-speed conditioning can be carried out by short-term steaming, keeping in a heated state in a thermally insulated crate and subsequent washing with cold tap water. After washing, the grain can be processed in a dehumidifier or dampened.

 Peeling of grain in cereal plants can be carried out on mills, and / or on machines with rubber rolls, and / or on peeling machines, and / or on peeling machines with abrasive disks and a steel surface, and / or on scouring (scouring) machines.

 Peeling of grain in cereals can be done either by creating compressive and shear forces, causing chipping and breaking of the films during grain processing on mills, and / or machines with rubber rolls and / or on peeling machines, or by friction on an abrasive and steel surface which causes scraping of the shells during prolonged processing on a peeling machine, or by exposure to a blow causing splitting of the shells and the accompanying frictional effect of an abrasive or metal surface ty details of scouring and scouring machines.

 Feed mills can produce complete feed, and / or concentrates, and / or protein and vitamin supplements, and / or premixes, and / or mixtures of animal feed and premixes, and / or protein and vitamin supplements and premixes, and / or feed mixtures for ruminants, and / or special compound feeds, and / or substitutes for whole milk, and / or urea concentrate.

 Feed mixtures for ruminants can be obtained from husks with the addition of bran, meal, minerals, microadditives.

 Substitutes for whole milk can be produced on the basis of skimmed milk powder with the addition of fats (vegetable salomas), phosphatides, vitamins, antibiotics.

 Urea concentrate can be produced from a mixture of urea, grain products and bentonites.

 Combined feeds can be produced directly at agricultural enterprises by adding protein-vitamin supplements to feeds. Combined feed can be produced on the basis of grain raw materials and by-products of grain processing enterprises such as flour, and / or bran and / or oilcake, and / or meal, and grain feedstock by-products make up to 80% of the feed content.

 As additives in animal feed can use animal feed in the form of fish and / or meat meal, and / or waste from many industries, mainly sugar, starch and syrup, alcohol, and / or raw materials of mineral origin such as salt, chalk, and / or roughage such as hay, straw, and / or various products containing biostimulants.

 As a grain raw material in the production of compound feeds, corn can be used, which is introduced into compound feeds in an amount of up to 70% or barley, or husked barley without films, or barley flour, or oats in an amount of up to 50%, or millet, previously finely ground or in the form of husked grain, and millet is introduced into compound feeds up to 20% or wheat in an amount up to 70% or rye in a small amount, or sorghum, or chumizu, or buckwheat, or legumes, mainly peas, fodder beans, or sweet lupine (non-alkaloid), or vetch , or rank.

 Bran can be introduced into the feed composition as by-products of grain processing enterprises, which are added to feed in an amount of up to 70% and / or barley flour, or rice, or millet, or oat.

 Compound feeds may include waste from creameries in the form of meal, mainly sunflower, cotton, soybean, peanut, hemp, or meal, and / or waste from the sugar industry in the form of beet pulp and molasses (molasses), and / or waste from the starch and syrup industry in the form of pulp and gluten, and / or waste from the fermentation industry in the form of dry vinasse, malt sprouts, beer pellets, and / or waste from the fish processing industry in the form of fish meal, whale meal, fish ghee hydrolysis products and / or fodder products of the hydrolysis industry in the form of fodder yeast, which are grown on straw or corn cobs, or sulfite extracts, or wood hydrolysates.

 In the production of animal feed, they can introduce raw materials of animal origin in the form of processed milk products of milk, casein, waste from meat processing plants, blood, meat, meat and bone, bone meal, fish industry waste, fish meal, fish hydrolyzate, technical and food fats, as well as fodder flour from grass and algae in loose or granular form, or flour from leaves and needles of trees, or hay, or straw, or corn cobs, or the husk of some cereal crops.

 In the production of animal feed, chemical synthesis products can be introduced into them in the form of urea or ammonium bicarbonate, sulfate, acetic acid, ammonium phosphate.

 Raw materials of mineral origin in the form of salt, chalk, feed phosphates, flour and cereals from mollusk shells, travertine flour, and limestone can be introduced into the composition of compound feeds.

Vitamins A, D ₂ , D ₃ , E, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , PP and others can be added to the composition of compound feeds.

 The composition of animal feed can introduce trace elements manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, iodine.

 The composition of animal feed can be administered antibiotics: penicillin, biomycin, terramycin. Enzymes, mainly proteolytic and amylolytic, can be added to the feed composition. Amino acids in the form of feed preparations containing synthetic lysine and methionine, as well as hormones, antioxidants: Santokhin, butyloxytoluene, diludine, medicinal and anthelmintic drugs: furazolidone, furadonin, furazidin can be introduced into the feed composition.

 When preparing compound feeds, they can coarsely crush lumpy ingredients in stone crushers or oil mill. After coarse crushing, fine grinding can be performed. on hammer crushers or rollers.

 The preparation of ingredients for the production of animal feed can be carried out on the raw material preparation lines, which are installed at the feed mill and which include lines for cleaning and grinding grain raw materials, cleaning powdery products, separating a film of oats and barley, preparing pressed and large-sized products, preparing raw materials of mineral origin, preparing feed products of food production, preparation of herbal flour, preparation of premixes, preparation of liquid ingredients.

 In high-capacity plants, raw material preparation lines may include separate salt preparation lines and chalk preparation lines, as well as additional grain lines for different crops.

 The line for cleaning and grinding grain raw materials may include automatic scales, an air-screen separator, a magnetic separator, hoppers above the crushers, crushers, and the grinding of grain raw materials is carried out to the size of the loose feed set by the standard for this type of product.

 The mealy products cleaning line may include automatic scales for metering the incoming product, a screening machine, a magnetic separator, sifters, borates, sieve separators, and in this line, impurities in the form of scraps of rope, rags, chips, metal-magnetic impurities from bran, flour or from grass or coniferous flour.

 The oat and barley film separation line may include scouring machines, pneumatic separators or aspirators or hammer crushers, sifters and scouring machines, the oat and barley films being separated, respectively, either by peeling oats and barley followed by film winding, or by grinding barley followed by isolation films.

 The line of preparation of raw materials of mineral origin may include a stone crusher, dryer, automatic scales, magnetic barriers, hammer crushers and sifting machines, and at least one grinding and sifting of table salt, chalk, shell groats, phosphates is dried.

 For high-capacity plants, two separate lines for salt and chalk can be installed with dryers common to both lines.

 The feed preparation line for food production may include automatic scales, a magnetic separator, a sieving machine, a hopper and a hammer mill, and they clean, sort and grind dried beet pulp, dried bard, dried corn feed, meal, meat and bone, fish, whale flour, dry fodder yeast.

 The herbal flour preparation line may include a pneumatic conveyor for feeding flour, a cyclone unloader, a magnetic separator, automatic scales and bins, and they produce grass flour in containers, unpack the bags, transfer them by pneumatic transport to the production building, clean them of metal-magnetic impurities, weigh them and send them to production as well as obtaining hay, loosening and grinding in crushers.

 The premix preparation line may include scales, bins, mixers, a hammer mill, a screening machine, and the line is installed directly at feed mills or in specialized workshops and premixes are prepared by loading microadditives together with half the estimated amount of bran filler, meal in the first mixer, mixing for 15-20 minutes and subsequent grinding in a crusher and sieving with the passage direction to the second mixer, into which the remaining filler is added, and after After stirring for 20 minutes, finished premixes are obtained.

 The premix preparation line may include a carousel-type installation hopper, weight dispensers, a multi-component weight dispenser, two mixers, and the premixes are produced by preparing micro-ingredients by drying, additional crushing and sieving, filling them manually in the carousel-type installation hopper, dosing them into a batch mixer , which simultaneously serves part of the filler, and the subsequent supply of the mixture to the second mixer with the addition of salt or chalk from the mineral feed bin about the origin, and after mixing the finished premixes are sent to the main dosing line.

 On the line of preparation of liquid ingredients, fat can be introduced into compound feeds, which is carried out by installing a barrel of fat with an open bottom on a cylindrical heater, heating and feeding the pump into a supply tank with a steam heated jacket, an inside mixer and signaling devices of upper and lower levels, from where through filters fat traps are fed to the mixer, and the fat is supplied by the metering pump and steam is sprayed in the mixer, to which feed is metered and mixed, or the fat is fed in the press for the enrichment of granular feed, or fat is fed into the batch mixer through a heated perforated pipe, which is placed under the mixer cover.

On the preparation line for liquid ingredients, molasses can be introduced into the feed, which is introduced without heating or heated to a temperature of 50-60 ^o C, followed by pumping through pipelines, spraying nozzles and distribution in the feed.

 Before adding molasses to feed, urea can be previously dissolved in it.

 Compound feeds can be produced by granulation from loose ingredients by pressing, after which the obtained granules are cooled and sieved in machines to separate fine fractions.

 Cereals can be produced from granules, while the resulting small powdery fraction is returned to repeated pressing. Granules can be crushed in special roller grinders.

 In the production of granular compound feed for fish, binders that increase the water resistance of granules of a substance that form films on the surface of granules can be added to compound feed. Casein, blood albumin and the like can be used as binders. On the surface of the granules, a waterproof coating can be formed from the grease, which is applied by spraying, or from glue, or from polyvinyl alcohol, or from starch, or from methyl cellulose.

 A film of polyvinyl alcohol can be formed by irrigation of granules in a special chamber, followed by drying in a vibration dryer.

 At least part of the ingredients from which feed is produced can be subjected to heat and / or mechanical processing. Machining can be performed by flattening the grain into flakes. Heat treatment can be performed by steaming whole and / or crushed grain. Heat treatment of barley can be performed by roasting grain. Heat treatment can be performed by steaming the grain and then roasting it. Processing at least part of the ingredients from which feed is produced can be done by steaming the grain and then conditioning. Processing at least part of the ingredients from which feed is produced can be done by treating the grain with intense thermal radiation, such as infrared.

 Combined feed can be produced with the addition of urea concentrate. Urea concentrate can be obtained by extrusion from a mixture of 70 75% of crushed grain, 20 25% of urea and 5 10% of bentonite.

 At least part of the feed can be granulated or molassed.

 Compound feeds can be produced in bulk and / or briquetted. In the production of full-feed briquetted compound feeds, crushed hay or straw and molasses can be fed to a special workshop and pressed.

 Protein-vitamin supplements can be produced at specialized and / or feed mills. The technological scheme of the plant may include lines for the preparation of powdery raw materials, raw materials of animal origin, oilcake and meal, chalk and salt, amino acids and antibiotics.

 Protein-vitamin supplements can be prepared on the basis of ready-made premixes, which are supplied from specialized factories, and / or in factories producing protein-vitamin supplements, they produce premixes.

 Raw materials and meal for the production of animal feed can be brought to the feed mill or workshop by rail and / or road. The raw materials coming from the railway receiving device can be fed to a noriya, which loads two silos, of which grain or granular raw materials are distributed into two silos by another noriya and silo chain conveyors. The raw materials coming from the receiving device from automobile transport can be fed to the elevator, which directs the grain or granules through the chain silo conveyors to the silos.

 The warehouse for storing raw materials can accommodate the capacities of individual components, transport and technological equipment for transporting, drying, crushing, sieving and unpacking bags.

 Compound feeds can be stored in silos from monolithic, precast or precast-monolithic reinforced concrete.

 At least part of the bran can be stored and transported in bulk. For holidays to local consumers or when transported by water, bran can be packed in bags of the fourth category. At least part of the bran and husks can be stored and released in granules.

 The meal can be stored in bulk in warehouses of lightweight construction.

 Husk can be stored in light type warehouses and / or metal bins at a distance of at least 50 m from the main production.

 Mineral ingredients in the production of animal feed after drying, and / or crushing, and / or screening can be fed into the production building by aerosol transport. Meal can be supplied to the production building by aerosol transport.

 Silos can be equipped with at least one outlet and outlet mechanisms. In the silo housing for mealy raw materials, a special room can be allocated for the preparation of liquid components and urea.

 In the case of meal, they can clean them from metal impurities and crushing, and the meal is fed into the production building by aerosol transport.

 Loose, granular and packaged compound feeds and protein-vitamin supplements can be stored in the silo housing of finished products.

 Finished products can be transported to tempering devices for rail and road transport from any silo using conveyors and elevators.

 Combined feeds can be stored in well-aerated rooms, and / or with technological conditioning.

 Compound feeds containing meat and bone meal and / or fish meal and / or fat may be stored for a short time.

 The listed sets of features provide a new technical result, expressed in reducing the loss of feedstock by improving the quality and efficiency of the aspiration process due to the use of optimal shapes and parameters of the filtering surfaces.

 All methods are united by a single inventive concept, allow us to solve the same task by optimizing the process of air aspiration and are a group of inventions.

 The methods consist in obtaining, transporting and storing bulk products such as flour and / or cereals, bran, flour mixtures and / or compound feeds, and it is carried out by post-harvest processing, delivery, quality control and supply of raw grain to storage facilities and / or elevators, storage , preparation of grain for grinding by preliminary cleaning at the elevator, transportation to the grain cleaning department of the elevator and / or flour mill, and / or cereals, and / or feed plants and / or plants, cleaning of weeds, and / or grain si and / or metallomagnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, separation of at least a single surface treatment of the grain in scouring and / or brush and / or peeling systems, hydrothermal treatment by wetting and subsequent curing of the grain, screening and aspiration of the product after processing at least in part of systems with separation and transfer of grain and / or waste to the main and / or reserve storage tanks, with lids, and / or bins using at least part of operations pneumatic inspection with simultaneous aspiration of the product by passing air through the filter surface of at least one container connected to the aspiration system (not shown in the drawings) with at least one additional duct, control of grain and / or waste in separators, and / or borates, and / or aspirators with the release of suitable grain, and / or mineral impurities, and / or broken grain, crushing, aspiration and at least one re-cleaning, grinding by single or multiple sequential skipping of products crushing grain through a grinding and / or grinding system to produce flour of the required and / or required varieties, and / or cereals of the required and / or required varieties, bran, flour mixes and / or compound feeds, packing and transporting to bins, and / or warehouses, and / or sending to the consumer.

 During suction, the container and / or containers are connected to the suction unit and / or with each other with the possibility of combined and / or selective switching with at least one additional duct and the formation of the filter surface area of at least one container with the excess of the area of the corresponding air-transparent surface area this capacity in the range from 1.002 to 230 reduced diameters of the area of the translucent section, and the shape of the filter surface in the form of a spatial shell constant and / or variable curvature or combined configuration with the maximum distance of its vertex from the plane aligned with at least one non-linear segment of the contour of the air-transparent section, or from the horizontal projection plane of the corresponding air-transparent section at a distance of 0.02 to 78 reduced diameters of the air-transparent section .

 At the same time, during the aspiration process, at least one air-filter insert can be used as a filter surface, which is installed in the lid cavity of the main and / or reserve storage tanks, or at least one air-filter membrane is used as a filter surface, serving at the same time as the cover of the main and / or reserve storage tank, or at least one insert for filtering the supplied air is used as a filter surface the open one is installed in the upper part of the wall of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, in which case the insert for filtering the supplied air is made in the form of a fragment of a cylindrical surface (not shown in the drawings) or double curvature (not shown in the drawings), or in the form of a concave or convex-concave or convex relative to the surface of the walls of the tank, or in a combined form from a combination of straight and / or curved sections (not shown in the drawings), or in the form of an annular discontinuous or discrete shell.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least one air-filtering element can be used as a filter surface, which is made in the form of a removable shell, while in the upper part of at least one main and / or reserve storage tank, a cut is made in which a shell with an air-filtering element, the cut-out area being at least 1% of the cross-sectional area of the corresponding container with a multifaceted configuration or at least 2.3% of the cross-sectional area the value of the corresponding capacity of cylindrical or variable curvature or combined configuration.

 When carrying out the aspiration process, at least two air filter inserts, air filter membranes, inserts for filtering the supplied air and air filter elements can be used as a filter surface, while the area ratio of any two filter elements is 1: 1 15.

 To seal the main and backup storage tanks, any filtering elements that make up the filter surface can be connected to the tanks by means of clamps with sealant, and at least some of the connections are detachable.

 For carrying out preventive or repair work during the aspiration process, the main and / or reserve storage tanks can additionally be equipped with airtight membranes, which are installed to ensure complete cessation of air supply to the replaceable filter element.

 An air filter insert, or an air filter membrane, or an insert for filtering the supplied air, or an air filter element can be made in the form of a shell containing at least one double curvature section, or at least one single curvature section, or combinations thereof, or from combinations of curvilinear and / or straight sections.

 In the process of aspiration, air can be injected to form a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical or poly-cylindrical section formed by at least two jointed fragments of cylinders of constant and variable curvature, interconnected directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing no less than one conical or polyconic section formed from fragments of conical and / or polyconic curvature directly connected to each other either indirectly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical or poly-cylindrical section formed from fragments of cylindrical and / or poly-cylindrical curvature interconnected directly or by means of internal diaphragms, or with the formation of a shell shape containing at least one cylindrical and / or conical and / or spherical and / or spheroidal and / or ellipsoidal and / or parabolic and / or hypovoid and / or toroidal ASTK.

 The shell may be provided with an inner frame.

 The filter surface can be made of high-strength woven or fibrous non-woven material, moreover, for example, overcoat cloth is used as high-strength woven material, and for example, as a fibrous non-woven cloth.

The design for aspiration with a filter surface can be made of at least two filter layers with different strength and transmittance, which are arranged in order to increase their strength and transmittance or fastened together with the formation of cavities, at least one of which, at least are partially filled with a granular filler, while the differentiated throughput in at least one layer is formed to provide a pressure differential between the internal and external it with its surfaces in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 MPa at operating speeds of pneumatic delivery of dispersed particles suspended in the air flow, and the minimum cross-sectional area of the holes in the filtering surface is at least 60 μm ² .

 The filtering surface is subjected to vibrational effects, ensuring the restoration of its transmittance, which can create by differential pressure in the tank.

 To carry out the aspiration process, additional containers can be installed that are equipped with filters and connected to the general aspiration system with additional air ducts.

 Post-harvest processing is carried out directly in the places of cultivation on indoor and / or open currents, and / or at elevators, and / or flour mills, and / or cereals, and / or feed mills and / or plants by accepting grain, forming batches of cleaning, drying , active ventilation and shipment.

 All harvested grain is processed in places of cultivation according to a three-link system: a combine harvester is a procurement enterprise.

 All grain is processed at a procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises according to a two-tier system: combine harvesting enterprise.

 Part of the grain can be processed at the procuring enterprise with the return of part of the refined grain to the disposal of growing enterprises, and part remaining in the agricultural complex, at a current or at an agricultural point.

 In post-harvest grain processing, after the arrival of car lots, samples are taken, quality is determined and the place of unloading of grain is determined, weighing on a truck scale, mechanized unloading is carried out, after which grain is pre-cleaned: in the presence of rice, the spikes are separated, in the presence of corn, the ears are threshed and the grain is cleaned after threshing, then form batches of crops and quality in storage tanks, weigh and transfer grain to the operational capacity of the elevator, where producing drying grain to a state of storage and cleaning on air screen separators of short impurities, long impurities, stone separation machines, pneumatic sorting tables, air aspirators with the release of suitable grain, cooling it with artificially cooled air, then atmospheric air and sending grain for storage with the parallel collection of waste, the destruction of unusable, the sale of suitable waste and / or sending them for processing.

 Acceptance of grain and / or its release is carried out respectively from water transport and to water transport, from railway transport and to railway transport.

 Post-harvest preparation and / or cleaning of the initial grain raw materials is carried out on elevators, including interconnected via silos and / or bins, and / or equipment, a working building with technological transport equipment, a silo building with transport and other equipment, devices for receiving grain from cars, and / or wagons, and / or ships, devices for dispensing grain to various types of transport and grain processing enterprises, a waste workshop, an aspiration and waste disposal system.

 In the working building of the elevator, acceptance from road, rail and water transport, technological processing, quality control or preparation of grinding lots, distribution to silos or warehouses associated with the elevator, and vacation to automobile, rail, water transport or to an enterprise are carried out.

 In the production of flour, cereals and animal feed, the separation of the initial grain raw materials is carried out in flour mills, cereals or animal feed mills.

 Separation can be carried out by cleaning the grain from impairing conditions for its processing or reducing the quality of the finished product impurities and sorting the grain mixture into fractions of different quality for separate processing.

 The separation can be carried out by thickness, and / or width, and / or length, and / or sectional shape, and / or speed of rotation, and / or density, and / or density and friction coefficient, and / or elasticity and coefficient of impact friction, and / or the coefficient of friction and / or slip and / or rolling, and / or the magnetic susceptibility, and / or the dielectric constant, and / or the reflection coefficient of the light flux.

 Separation can be carried out by acting on the grain mixture with aerodynamic forces and / or bulk inertia forces that vary in magnitude and direction, and / or gravitational gravity with centrifugal inertia and gravity, and / or magnetic and / or electric forces, and / or sequential and / or time-combined exposure to the grain mixture by a combination of forces.

 After separation and separation of various impurities from the grain mixture, the surface of the grain is cleaned of mineral dust and / or microorganisms and / or contaminants and / or particles of fruit membranes.

 The grain surface is cleaned at flour mills by treating grain in scouring machines with an abrasive surface or with a steel cylinder, and then in brushing machines using the dry and / or wet method using washing machines.

 At enterprises with mechanical and pneumatic transport of grain products, radial scouring machines with an emery or steel cylinder and brushing machines are used, and the peripheral speed of the scouring drum is selected depending on the hardness of the processed crop, increasing for softer grain and decreasing for harder.

The peripheral speed of the scouring drum for rye is taken equal to 15 18 m / s, for soft wheat 13 18 m / s, for durum wheat 10 11 m / s, and the treatment is carried out until the grain surface is obtained without damage, and the dust ash is not less than 10%
Processing in brushing machines is carried out until separation of the exfoliated particles of the shells and dust removal from the surface and from the groove of the grain and the receipt of waste in an amount of 0.2 0.3% relative to the weight of the grain with an ash content of 4.0 4.5%, and during processing regulation of the gap between the working surfaces of the brushes while maintaining its value in the range from 3 to 6 mm.

 When cleaning the surface of the grain, mainly rye, in husking machines, the upper most contaminated shells, mineral dust, bacteria and molds are removed, while the ash content is reduced by 0.10 0.11% fiber content by 0.92 0.96% and the relative a starch content of 2.44 2.62% and a bulk density of 56 58 g / l.

 Processing in washing machines is subjected to grain, mainly defective, affected by smut, or bitter wormwood, and the grain is cleaned of dust and microorganisms with the simultaneous release of heavy and light impurities.

 Grain processing in a washing machine is carried out by rising jets of water, which are created by a rotating screw, with the grain moving and keeping it in suspension, and stones and sand released by mineral impurities are moved in the lower level in the opposite direction, collected in appropriate periodically emptied containers, moreover, from the washing bath, the grain is fed into the alloy chamber, in which light mixtures float and periodically are removed, and then, under water pressure, the grain is fed into the squeezing column at the same time m its rinsing and dewatering produce grain and its peeling, wherein the washing water is purified in the liquid separator.

 Before cleaning, coagulum aluminum sulfate can be added to the washing water in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.5%, and after cleaning, the bacteriologically clean centrate is returned to production for grain washing.

 Simultaneously with the grain washing, they can be treated with ultrasound and / or ultraviolet irradiation, and / or hydrocyclones are used.

 The washing water is purified by sending it to a grain collector, separating large impurities, after which the water is sent to a separator, where it is purified, then the filtered water is poured into the chlorination tank, and after settling, the purified and disinfected water is pumped into the tank, mixed with clean water and returned to the grain washing, and the selected large impurities are squeezed in a press and dried in a screw dryer.

 Hydrothermal processing of grain can be carried out in flour mills and cereals to directionally change the initial technological properties of grain and to enhance differences in the properties of shells and endosperm, and when hydrothermally processed in a flour mill, the strength of the endosperm is reduced, and the strength of the shells is increased, and when hydrothermally processed in a cereal plant, the strength of the endosperm increase, and the strength of the shells reduce.

 Hydrothermal processing of grain in a flour mill can be carried out by cold, or hot, or high-speed conditioning.

 Cold conditioning can be carried out by wetting the grain and then smoothing it off, and moisturizing is carried out by washing or by feeding the estimated amount of drip-liquid water to the grain mass.

 The grain of high vitreous moisture after wetting is moistened and re-moistened.

 Hot conditioning is carried out by washing, treating in an air-water conditioner and smoothing.

 When processed in an air-water conditioner, the grain can be processed in a steamer or steam column until the desired temperature is obtained by the grain. Before wetting, the grain can be dampened. High-speed conditioning can be carried out by short-term steaming, keeping in a heated state in a thermally insulated crate and subsequent washing with cold tap water. After washing, the grain can be processed in a dehumidifier or dampened.

 Hydrothermal treatment at cereals: Greek, oat and pea plants can be done by steaming in batch or continuous units and subsequent drying to increase the strength of the core and the fragility of the flower films to increase the efficiency of the peeling process.

 Peeling of grain in cereal plants can be carried out on mills, and / or on machines with rubber rolls, and / or on huller deliveries, and / or on hullers with abrasive disks and a steel surface, and / or on scouring (scouring) machines.

 Peeling of grain in cereal plants is carried out either by creating compressive and shear forces that cause chipping and breaking of the films during grain processing on waltzdeck machines and / or machines with rubber rolls and / or on peeling machines, or by friction on an abrasive and steel surface, that causes shell scraping during prolonged peeling, or by impact, causing splitting of the shells and the accompanying frictional effect of the abrasive or metal surface alley of scouring and scourging machines.

 To peel buckwheat, they use a valdedec machine with a deck, in which the radius of curvature is equal to the radius of the roll, while in the working position the deck is moved parallel to the roll so that the working surface of the deck is offset relative to the surface of the roll, and when processing buckwheat of the first and second fractions, the peripheral speed of the roll is taken 14 15 m / s, third and fourth 12 14 m / s, fifth and sixth 10 12 m / s, and the length of the arc of the working area of the deck 180 180 mm.

 For peeling millet, a maltice machine with a roll of abrasive mass and a peripheral speed of 15 m / s is used, and technical rubber decks with fabric layers and an arc length of 300 mm.

 For peeling millet, they can use a waldeck machine with two decks and the grain is subjected to double processing.

 For rice peeling, machines with rubber rolls rotating towards each other at different speeds are used, which are set with a gap relative to each other equal to 0.6 0.8 mm, and the ratio of the peripheral speed of the rapidly rotating and the peripheral speed of the slowly rotating rolls is 1.45 .

 To peel oats and rice, use a setter with a lower runner and two discs, the working surface of which is covered with abrasive mass, one of which is stationary and the other is mounted on a vertical rotating shaft, and the peripheral speed of the rotating disk is taken with primary peeling 13 15 m / s, and with peeling of similar products 12 m / s.

 For peeling barley, wheat, oats with a moisture content of more than 13% and corn, striking scouring machines are used, moreover, peeling of grain with a moisture content of more than 14% is carried out at higher speeds than peeling of dry grain, while peeling does not take the peripheral speed of pests more than 20 m / s, with the first peeling of wheat 16 18 m / s, with the second 14 m / s, with peeling of oats 20 22 m / s, and corn 10 14 m / s.

 Grinding is carried out single and / or repeated. Repeat grinding is carried out simple or complex: without enrichment of grains during rye grinding, or with a shortened enrichment process, or with a developed enrichment process. A simple re-grinding includes one torn process or torn and shortened grinding. Complex repeat grinding includes torn and developed grinding processes or torn, dressing process, grinding and grinding.

 The seeded and peeled flour, or only seeded flour, is obtained by complex grinding without enrichment of grains, and the intermediate products obtained from torn systems are subjected to grinding on grinding systems.

 Grinding rye into peeled flour is carried out by selecting intermediate products from the first torn system in the form of a mixture of grains and dunsts, selecting the maximum amount of flour from the first three torn systems and separating the remaining endosperm particles from the shells on subsequent torn systems, with intermediate products being fed to the first grinding system for grinding into flour, and after the rollers of all tattered systems, scouring machines are installed for additional grinding of similar products and sorting them into two fractions.

 Rye is ground into peeled flour on five torn and two grinding systems with grain passing after the roller machines of torn systems through scouring machines, and grinding the by-products of the last torn system is carried out by passing through a grinding machine, and for sowing the mealy products obtained by passing sieves with this machines use a special sorting system, with the descent of a grinding machine, large shells are obtained that are sent to bran, and flour is screened on a special sorting system which are passed into the control sifting, and immediately they get smaller particles of shells, which are transferred to bran.

 Seeded and peeled flour with a total yield of 80% and seeded flour with a yield of 63% are obtained by complex grinding of rye without enriching the grains by passing through 4 5 torn systems and 3 4 grinding, and before the first torn system use preparatory crushing or crushing system, and seeded flour with a yield of 63%, due to the heterogeneity in ash content, they are sent to the control sieving in two streams, each of which is made from flour of similar quality, followed by mixing.

 Sowed flour with a yield of 15–30% and peeled with a yield of 65–50% is obtained by passing grain through one preparation, five torn and four grinding systems, and the sown flour is taken from the first and second torn, from the first and second grinding systems by the passage of the upper sieves, and peeling the passage of the lower sieves from the first and second torn, from the first and second grinding and from all other systems, while the flour of each grade separately sent to the control sieving.

 Grinding rye into wallpaper flour is carried out by passing grain through roller mills and scouring machines, sequentially transferring the descent from scouring machines and screenings, starting from the first torn system, from one system to another, and from the last to bran.

Krupchatka, flour of the highest, first, second grades and wallpaper, obtained from soft wheat, and krupchatka in the amount of 10% is obtained with three-grade and two-sorted grinding, premium flour with three-sorted grinding with a yield of 10 - 35% and with two-grade grinding with a yield of 10 40 % flour of the first grade with one-grade grinding with a yield of 72% with two-grade with yields of 33 50% 40 - 60% and 32 62% and with three-grade grinding with yields of 30 50% flour of the second grade with one, two and three-grade grinding, and wallpaper with single grade grinding with a yield of 96%
Wallpaper flour is produced by simple repeated grinding of wheat or a mixture of grain consisting of 70% wheat and 30% rye.

 Flour of the second grade with a yield of 85% is obtained by grinding wheat in five torn, three sieve and five grinding systems, and the grinding of similar products is carried out in a scouring, brushing machine, as well as in a roller mill, with similar products obtained from scouring machines and receiving sieve sifters, starting from the first torn system, are sequentially sent from one system to another, from the third and fourth torn to the grinding machines and from the fifth torn system to the brush machine, large grains are sent for subsequent enrichment in the sieve system whence the enriched grains are transferred to the first grinding system, and the grains obtained by the passage of medium sieves of the first system are sent to the control second sieve system, with which the passage of the first sieves produces small fractions of large grains, which are transferred to the first grinding system, and the passage of other sieves receive the finished product semolina in the amount of 2% while the grinding regimes for grinding systems are set to the maximum extraction of flour from each system with minimal ash content and to receive from the last Stem not more than 4% skhodovyh products.

 Flour of the first and second grades with a total yield of 75-78% is obtained by grinding wheat in five tattered systems, the second and third of which are divided into large and small with a total sifting of the products of grinding, and after the roller mills of the first four torn systems, whipping machines are installed, and intermediate products are selected mainly from the first and second torn systems and partly from the third torn system, the grinding of similar products begins with the third torn system in roller mills and scouring machines, and the enrichment process is carried out on five s topics, on one of which semolina is selected, while enrichment is subjected to first-grade large grains with the first and second tattered systems, small grains and hard dunst from sorting systems, and the lower descents from the first, second and third grinding systems are transferred to the first gathering, from it to the fifth grinding system, and then to the sixth grinding system, the descent from the lower screens of which is sent for additional grinding into the scouring machine, the descent from which is sent to bran.

 Flour of the highest, first and second grades with yields 10 + 50 + 15; 15 + 45 + 15; 20 + 40 + 15; 20 + 45 + 10; 25 + 35 + 15 and 30 + 40 + 5 (total 75%); top, first and second grades with outputs 10 + 40 + 28; 15 + 40 + 23; 10 + 45 + 23; 15 + 45 + 18; 20 + 40 + 18 (total 78%), as well as premium and first grades with yields of 40 + 38% and first grade with a yield of 72% are obtained as a result of complex repeated grinding of wheat with a developed process of enrichment of cereals.

 The enrichment is carried out either by passing grains of the first quality from the first, second, third torn systems through sieve machines and sorting machines, or by passing through the sieve machines grains of the second quality from the fourth torn systems, or by passing through the sieve machines grits from grinding systems.

 Grains before enrichment are grouped, depending on the quality of the flour produced and the productivity of the flour mill, into co-fortified streams of large and medium grains from the first, second, third tattered systems; small grains and hard dunst with sorting systems; large or medium grains from the first and third tattered systems; small grains from the first, second and third tattered systems.

 Together they can enrich coarse grains with the first torn and second torn shallow, middle grains with the first, second, third tattered systems, fine grains with the first and third sorting systems.

In the process of enriching cereals in sieve machines, semolina is selected with an ash content not exceeding 0.60 when processing soft wheat and 0.85 when processing durum wheat, and the size of semolina is determined by sifting on sieves, while the remainder of the first sieve should not exceed 8% and the passage of the second 2%
After enrichment in sieve machines, coarse and medium grains from the first, second, third torn systems and fine grains from sorting systems are subjected to grinding, which is carried out by their additional processing in roller mills, sifting and enrichment in sieve machines.

 After grinding, the flour is ground into grits and dunsts obtained in torn and grinding processes and after enrichment.

 Grinding is carried out by passing the grains and dunsts through 9-12 grinding systems, on three or four of which grind grains and dunsts of the first quality, on the other three or four grinding grits and dunsts of the second quality, on two or three grind and one or two similar system.

 They can produce separate moistening and smoothing of grain by type and glassiness during continuous smoothing.

 Bins for tearing are divided into separate groups, each of which is sent a corresponding grade of grain, and the number and capacity of bins for each variety are distinguished by its ratio in the mixture, vitreous, initial and final moisture.

 Separately prepared batches of grain at the mill can be mixed before they are sent to grinding.

 With two-grade grinding, 60 65% of premium flour and at the same time 10 15% of baking flour are produced, and with three-grade grinding, 30 50% of premium flour, 10 30% of first grade flour and 10 20% of baking flour.

 Macaroni flour can be produced from soft high-grade wheat with a glassiness of at least 60%, and the yield of premium flour (cereals) is 15 30 and 20 35% and the first 35 45%, while 18 23 and 15 20% of the second-grade baking flour is simultaneously obtained.

 Macaroni flour can be produced from durum wheat by passing it through six torn systems, six to eight grinding systems and three to four grinding systems.

 Synthetic vitamins can be added to flour.

 The introduction of vitamins is carried out by preparing a vitamin concentrate from a mixture of flour and vitamins, followed by preparation in a mixer of a vitamin mixture for the appropriate grade of flour and dosed introduction of a vitamin mixture and flour into a horizontal mixer, and then at the end.

High-protein flour is obtained in the form of suction by aspiration of flour in a unloading cyclone to obtain a 3–12-fold increase in the amount of fine flour fraction with small particle sizes of starch grains from 1 to 15 μm and the highest protein content from 20 to 25%
High-protein flour is obtained by feeding the worked-up flour to pneumatic sorting for separation into a coarse fraction with particles ranging in size from 40 to 200 microns and a low protein content and fine with particles up to 40 microns in size, which are fed for additional grinding into a pin crusher and then for pneumatic sorting with isolation fine high-protein fraction with a particle size not exceeding 17 microns, which is sent to the knockout.

 The development of rye flour is carried out by preparing rye for grinding by pre-cleaning the grain from impurities in the elevator, cleaning the grain from sulfur, grain and metal-magnetic impurities in the grain cleaning department, cleaning the grain surface in husking and / or scouring machines, with simultaneous aspiration, moistening, and then smoothing, repeated cleaning of the grain surface in brush or scouring machines, after which the grain is transferred to the grinding compartment, and grinding is performed to obtain a wallpaper and / or peeling second and / or seeded flour.

 Peeling of the grain is carried out before separation of the shells in the amount of 3.5-4.0% by weight of the grain with a simultaneous decrease in ash and fiber content and an improvement in whiteness.

After preliminary cleaning in the elevator, the grain is fed into the bins of the flour mill, then it is passed through heaters until the grain temperature reaches 15 20 ^o C or, without heating, it is dispensed metered into the grain cleaning department, and then it is passed through the separator, stone separation machine and trimers and parts are separated from the grain mixture weed, grain and metallomagnetic impurities, after which the grain is subjected to peeling with simultaneous aspiration and clean the surface of the grain from mineral dust and partially separate the fruits e shell and the embryo then separated in a second separator separating the first unselected impurities and re-formed by peeling grains, and then subjected to cold conditioning.

 In the grinding compartment, the grain is moistened in a spraying apparatus, then cured for 0.2 0.5 hours, then weighed and transferred to the grinding.

 Magnetic barriers are installed after the first pass through the separator, as well as in front of peeling and brushing machines.

 Upon receipt of grain with a moisture content of at least 13.5%, it is moistened by 0.5 - 1.0% and cured for 1 to 2 hours.

 Grain production is carried out by processing grain in the grain-cleaning, hydrothermal and peeling departments of cereal shops and / or plants, and in the grain-cleaning department from the grain accepted for processing, impurities, grains of other crops, underdeveloped and puny grains of the main culture are removed, spacers are separated and grain is divided on fractions by size, in the hydrothermal compartment, the cleaned grain is exposed to moisture and heat to increase the yield of cereals, reduce the cooking time and increase the stability of cereals when storage, and in the husking department, the shells, the embryo are not digestible by the human body, the groats are given the desired shape, their appearance is improved and sorted into particles of uniform size, and at least part of the grain and / or the intermediate processing product is aspirated subsequent control in magnetic devices.

 In the peeling unit, simultaneously with the processing of cereals, the corresponding processing of by-products is carried out.

 At the cereal shops and / or plants, cereals, cereals of high biological value and baby flour are produced simultaneously with the production of cereals.

The grain is cleaned of impurities until millet and oats are obtained with a weed impurity content of not more than 0.3% rice, barley and wheat not more than 0.4% buckwheat and pea not more than 0.5%, and the grain is cleaned to contain mineral impurities for all crops, except peas, not more than 0.1% in peas not more than 0.05% and the content of cockle in oats and wheat not more than 0.1%
The grain is subjected to preliminary cleaning in an elevator with simultaneous aspiration, after which the grain is fed into bins, weighed on an automatic balance, then at least twice cleaned in separators, and during the first cleaning completely large impurities and at least 80% of small and light are separated impurities that form non-feed waste, while the size of the holes of the screening screens of the separator is taken to correspond to the grain size, and the size of the holes of the sowing screen to select fine impurities, after separation of grain they are lowered through magnetic apparatuses to separate the bulk of the metal-magnetic impurities, then the grain is passed through stone separating machines, triers, and at the end of the treatment they are aspirated, passed through magnetic apparatuses, weighed on an automatic balance and the amount of waste is determined by the difference in the readings of the scales, and then the grain is sent to hydrothermal or peeling department.

 When processing buckwheat, sorting into fractions is combined with the selection of difficult to separate impurities on sieves with triangular openings.

 Hydrothermal treatment can be performed by steaming grain, smoothing, drying and cooling.

 In the peeling unit, the grain is sorted by size, then peeled, then sorted (enriched) of peeling products, crushing or cutting the kernel, grinding the cereals, polishing, sorting by size and control of cereals and waste.

 From millet, millet is polished, buckwheat is ground from buckwheat, minced, Smolensk cereal, oat is not chopped, oat crushed, Hercules flakes, oat, from rice grain: polished rice, polished rice, crushed rice, rice cereal, expanded rice (air), from barley pearl barley, barley, barley flattened, from Poltava wheat, Artek, semolina, wheat flakes, polished corn grits, crushed corn (rice and ordinary), cereal cereals for flakes and for corn sticks, whole peeled peas, whole oh shelled crushed peas polished, as well as produce the rump of sorghum, millet and lentils.

 Popped rice, popcorn and baby flour are produced from uncooked cereals.

They use rice grains of the types: oblong wide grain, oblong narrow and thin grain, round-shaped grain. When taken for storage, rice is placed separately according to variety, moisture, weediness and content of yellowed grains, and raw and wet grain is dried to a moisture content of 13.5 to 14.5%
In the grain-cleaning department of the rice factory, grain is fed for processing, separation of sorted and grain impurities, sorted by size into two fractions, additional fractional cleaning of weed millet seeds, weighing of purified grain, control and processing of waste.

 After preliminary cleaning at the elevator, the grain is fed into bins, weighed on an automatic balance and subjected to double sequential separation, the sorted grain is passed separately through grain fractions through stone separation machines to select mineral impurities, after which the grain is screened in aspirators, then passed through magnetic devices , weighed on automatic scales, sent to bins for refined grains, and from them to the peeling department.

 Before peeling can carry out hydrothermal processing of rice grains.

 As a result of peeling rice-grains, a product is obtained consisting of a mixture of peeled and unpeeled rice, crushed grains, flour and husks, and sorting and separate processing are carried out: unpeeled grain for repeated peeling, whole and crushed kernel for grinding, mainly separate, waste flour and husk, separated and sent for control, and after peeling, the product is sent to double sequential aspiration and the husks are removed in the aspirator along with flour, and the husked mixture does not go enyh grains together with crushed core krupootdelitelnye directed to machine, the mode is set krupootdeleniya secured content in the product Not peeled grains is not more than 2% whereupon the grain is fed to grinding.

 Grinding is carried out in grinding machines until the fruit and seed membranes, the aleuron layer and the germ are separated from the core, and after processing in grinding machines, the product is sieved with the release of crushed kernels and flours and sifted in aspirators with separation of the shells and small particles of flour, and in the production of polished rice after grinding machines, the core is sent for sorting and control of cereals, and then for packing, and in the production of polished rice, the core after grinding is sorted in sifting, in which flour and draw Lena, and then sent to a polishing machine.

 Polishing of cereals is carried out by double processing in polishing sets to remove flours and traces of scratches from the surface of polished rice.

 When polishing rice with semi-glassy varieties, it is steamed before polishing.

 After polishing, the cereals are sorted, and the flour that has passed through the sieve of the shells of the polishing sets is sent for control.

 Rice grits after grinding and polishing are sorted to isolate crushed rice and flour, moreover, crushed rice is additionally grinded and sieved to separate the flour, and whole rice is passed through control coarse separation machines to select accidentally ingested impurities and unpeeled grains, each sort of cereal is aspirated, controlled magnetic apparatus and after weighing is sent to the packaging.

 The flour and husk are processed to select a valuable kernel in sieving machines, at least part of the flour is granulated, oil is produced, and cake or meal is used for fodder purposes, and after fine grinding the husk is used in the production of animal feed, or for hydrolysis processing fodder yeast, or for the production of furfural, tar oil, casein, synthetic rubber in the chemical industry, construction and furniture industry, for the manufacture of wrapping paper and cardboard in paper industry shlennosti for gas production.

 As a result of processing grain rice, rice of the highest, first and second grades, crushed, flour, husk, non-feed waste and feed waste is obtained.

 From oats of cereal conditions, oat groats are crushed (steamed), oat flakes (Hercules), flake flakes, boiled flakes and oatmeal.

 After preliminary cleaning, the oats are fed into the bins in the elevator separators, and as the grain is fed, the grain is weighed on an automatic balance, then it is passed through two or three sequential separation, and then through the magnetic apparatus, fine grain is removed, the oats are sent to doll-picking machines, then aspiration and weighing, followed by hydrothermal treatment.

 After weighing in the factory with pneumatic transport of the processed products, oats are subjected to sequential separation after weighing in the first one, the grains are cleaned of the main mass of impurities, and the second and third are also cleaned of impurities and divided into two fractions, after which each fraction is treated separately which aspirate and produce weeds and light grains, and in the sorting machine and triera, fine oats and cockles and other short impurities are isolated, while small and puny oats eshivayut and fed into a separate bin, where the accumulation is returned to the silo or sent to waste shop.

 For control, a burate and an aspirator are installed in the waste shop and sieving is first carried out through the system of sieves of borate, after which the disintegration from the borate is fed to an aspirator, the selected full grain is connected to the stream, which is sent for further purification, and transferred to bins for waste.

The hydrothermal treatment of oats is carried out by steaming, drying and cooling, and during steaming and drying, the temperature is maintained at 65 - 90 ^o C, and after drying and cooling, the oats are immediately sent for peeling.

Oats are steamed at a vapor pressure of 0.1 MPa for 2 minutes, and drying is carried out until a moisture content of not more than 11% is reached.
Oats are cooled by aspiration, and after hydrothermal treatment, the grain is additionally separated and small oats are selected.

 Uncrushed polished oatmeal is produced by sorting grain before peeling, peeling, grinding, controlling cereals and waste, and oats are sorted into two fractions in the plants at the plants, after which each fraction is separately processed, and small and puny grains not separated in the grain cleaning department taken away.

Peeling is carried out once or repeatedly in sets and / or scouring machines, and grain with a moisture content of 13.0-13.5% is used, while peeling is carried out to ensure the amount of crushed core particles after the first peeling is not more than 4% and after selection from husk husking products and crushed particles, the content of the core in a mixture with unshelled grains is at least 85%
Sorting of peeling products is carried out by separating crushed grains and powdery particles, winding husks by aspiration and selecting unshelled grains from the kernel to direct them to peeling again.

 A mixture of husked, unshelled grains and husks is aspirated, moreover, husk is completely separated by successive aspiration after treatment in the main peeling systems and single aspiration after passing through the descent system, and after husk winding, the product is sent to large separation machines, in which the mixture is more completely separated , after which the core is sent for grinding, and the unshelled grains are sent to a descent peeling machine for repeated peeling.

 When grinding the oat kernel, the hairs of pubescence, fruit and seminal membranes and the germ are removed, and grinding is carried out at least twice, and after grinding, the cereal is sieved, and barley, wheat and other impurities are isolated immediately, and sieving is carried out on different sieves and simultaneously crushed fodder grain is selected, after which the croup is subjected to double aspiration, controlled in magnetic apparatus, weighed and sent to bins.

 The peeling waste is subjected to control in the borate, after which the flour is sifted out, and the crushed core is collected immediately, which is aspirated and sent to the bins, the husk is also sent to the borate, the flour with crushed feed is sifted through the sieve, and the suction is double aspirated, the selected core or grain is sent to the grain separators, and the husk after weighing in the hopper with a lock gate, from which it is fed by pneumatic transport to the husk warehouse or to the briquetting workshop.

Steamed oatmeal is produced in the highest and first grades with humidity for long-term storage not higher than 12.5% and for current consumption no more than 14%
Millet is produced from millet, predominantly white and cream, and from varieties of millet with a vitreous core by processing in a grain-cleaning and peeling department, and in the grain-cleaning department they carry out the cleaning of wheat from grains of wheat, oats, buckwheat, chernushka, thousand-head and buckwheat by sieving on sieve systems and suction plants, while the prosozavod carry out three sequential separation using sieves, tilted at an angle of 6 8 ^o , with obtaining large and small fractions of millet and the separation of fine, feeble grains and small impurities, after which both flows of coarse and fine millet are separately sent to aspiration with a closed air cycle and large, but underdeveloped grains of millet are sifted, then they are cleaned in stone separation machines, and after cleaning the impurities, the millet is weighed and sent to the husking department, and the waste obtained during the cleaning of millet is divided into fodder and non-feed and only control the feed waste or separately the feed and non-feed.

 Polished millet is obtained by the complete release of millet kernels from color films, partly from fruit and seed shells, the germ and processing in grinding machines.

 After peeling millet, sorting of peeling products, grinding of millet, sorting and control of millet and waste are carried out.

Peeling is carried out by double sequential processing of millet in valcedec machines, mainly two-deck, with obtaining husked grains of not less than 99.7% and crushed kernels of not more than 5%
The products resulting from peeling are sorted in sieving, or subjected to double aspiration, and the selected relays are controlled in sieving machines, and after peeling, the products are sifted twice, and then the resulting millet millet is processed in grinding machines to produce polished millet.

 Upon receipt of buckwheat groats, grain preparation for processing is carried out by cleaning grain from impurities in two three separation systems in air-sieve separators, cereal sifters, triers, stone separation machines and aspirators, using sieves with triangular openings, and buckwheat grain is fractionated into two fractions , each of which is sent separately to subsequent sieving systems, while after two separation in sieving, difficultly separable and large impurities are first isolated, and when processed In subsequent sieving systems, difficultly separable impurities are isolated and fine and the latter are sent to stone separating machines, and large fractions are passed through oats extraction machines and long impurities are removed, and the waste is controlled in coarse sorting.

 The grain is subjected to hydrothermal treatment by passing through steamers, vertical steam dryers and cooling columns.

 When processing grain into buckwheat, grain is sifted into six fractions, after which it is calibrated to obtain no more than 2-6% grain content in each grain fraction and then each of the six fractions is separately subjected to peeling and sorting of peeling products.

 The nucleus isolated after sorting the products of peeling of all fractions is combined and sent to control the nucleus. The husk isolated after sorting the products of peeling of all fractions can be combined. Separated after sorting the products of peeling of all fractions prodel with flour can be combined.

 Peeling of the grain is carried out in a valdedec machine.

 After isolation of husks in the aspirators, the remaining unpeeled grains are returned for re-peeling in the valcedec machines.

 The control of the nucleus in coarse sorting or sieving is carried out in two streams, the first of which combines the nucleus obtained from the peeling systems of the first, second, third and fourth fractions, and the second stream - the nucleus from the peeling systems of the fifth and sixth fractions.

 Prodel is controlled on sieves with openings of 1.6 x 2.0 mm in size, the passage is divided into two fractions, and the exit from the sieves is sent to control the nucleus.

 After control, each fraction is suctioned, husk is isolated, and then both fractions are pooled.

 Barley groats are produced from barley, which is fed into the bins, and then subjected to three-fold sequential separation, and on the first separation system, non-feed waste is separated by passage through a sowing sieve, then the grain is cleaned in magnetic devices, subjected to two-time sequential separation, and passage through sowing sieves a fine fraction is isolated, from which fine and punctured barley grain is taken in borates or sorting machines, after which the fine (feed) barley is weighed and directed into a bin.

 Fine barley from the crate is returned to the elevator for reprocessing.

 After sieving fine grain, barley is sent to a stone separation machine, and then to a puppet picker, and then barley is peeled by three to four successive processing in a washing machine, after which the product is aspirated to separate husk to obtain a penny.

 Pearl barley is produced in five numbers from a penny by crushing large grains, grinding and polishing cereals, sorting pearl barley by size (numbers), and controlling cereals and waste.

 Grinding is carried out by three sequential processing in grinding machines.

 Polishing is carried out by sequentially processing cereals on 2-3 polishing systems, then the cereals are sorted by size and controlled in aspiration plants, and then in magnetic devices, and after sifting out the flour, the cereals are sent to grain sortings or screenings, where they are sorted into five numbers.

 Barley groats are produced by cleaning barley of impurities and then sending the grain to the washing machines, where they are peeled until the flower films are completely removed from the surface of the kernel, and then the penjack is polished twice, moreover, the grain is crushed on four consecutive roller systems, after each of which the products are sorted into sowing, group by size and aspirate, and the descent from the first sieve of sieving sent to the next system, and the flour to control.

 After grinding, barley groats are sorted into three fractions according to size, each fraction is aspirated, cleaned in magnetic devices and sent to bins, at the same time control the flour and husks.

 Poltava and Artek polished wheat cereals are produced from durum wheat type II (Durum) glassy by triple separation of grain, in which, in addition to fodder and non-feed waste, fine grains are isolated on the second and third separation systems, then punctured grains are sifted from this fraction, which include to fodder waste, and after separation, the grain is cleaned in stone separation, and then in puppet-picking and oats-picking machines, and wheat is also sent to scouring machines with an abrasive surface for double peeling, moreover, after each peeling system, the grain is aspirated and the waste is sifted off, after which the wheat purified from impurities and partially peeled off is sent to the peeling department, and the waste after scouring systems and aspirators are controlled in a sieving machine, isolating large parts of crushed grain that are sent to the peeling the department where four Poltava groats and Artek groats are produced by moistening wheat before grinding, three sequential grinding in machines, sorting oduktov after grinding, polishing and polished cereal waste control, the rump of each room after the screening was subjected to aspiration, is controlled in magnetic devices, weighed and fed into the bins.

 Pea groats are produced by processing peas in cereal plants into husked peas (whole polished grains) and crushed peas (cotyledon particles) by pre-cleaning the peas, sending them to bins, then weighing them in an automatic scale and twice removing impurities in a separator, and large impurities are removed immediately from the receiving and upper screens of the separators, small ones (seeds of different plants, crushed peas) are selected on the sowing screen, punctured grains of various cereals are isolated in the separators, severely damaged peas and organic impurities, and after separators and magnetic apparatuses, peas are sent to sorting machines, where small peas and large impurities are separated from the bulk of the grain, and grain is passed through to separate lentils, vetch, and defective peas that are non-spherical in shape. through belt peeling machines, and after cleaning the grain from impurities, good-quality peas are passed through an automatic scale and sent for hydrothermal treatment, and then for peeling and polishing.

Hydrothermal treatment can be carried out by wetting, steaming, drying and cooling the peas to a temperature not exceeding 25 ^o C, after which the peas are weighed and sent without peeling.

 In the peeling department, whole peas are produced and chopped peas are polished by sorting to peeling, peeling, sorting peeling products, polishing cereals and control, and before peeling, the peas are sorted into two or three fractions, the whole peas are peeled by double processing, and after the first system, the product consisting of shelled and unshelled whole peas, halves, chop, flour and husks, are sent to sifting and gathering sieves for large peas and sieves for small peas emit whole peas peeled and unshelled with a large husk and direct this product to the second peeling systems, the gathering of other sieves (chopped peas) and large parts of the pea kernel are sent to grinding machines, and particles of the crushed kernel (grain) are emitted by passing through these sieves, which are aspirated, and then sent to a roller mill and processed into pea flour, and in the machines of the second system, the peeling of whole peas is completed, and the products obtained after the second peeling are sorted in sieving, the whole kernel of husked peas is aspirated ii, is then monitored or polished, and the remaining products batters core particles and crushed Muchka, attached to the same products obtained after the first system, and treated with them.

 Before polishing, the cereal is sent to a horizontal screw steamer with driers, in which, at a vapor pressure of 0.03 MPa, the thin surface layer of the cereal is moistened until soft, and then the cereal is sent to a polishing or brush machine, and after polishing, the cereal is sorted, whole polished peas are obtained by sieve and chopped polished peas by the descent of other sieves, grains sorted by size are suctioned, cleaned in magnetic apparatus, then sent to bins, sifted husk is sieved after suction, They add flour, winnow in aspirators with the release of particles of the kernel, and use pea husk as a feed product.

 Semolina type semolina is produced from chopped ground peas by crushing pea kernels into small groats of two fractions, large and medium, in two roller mills, followed by sorting of products in sieving after each system, then the cereal is aspirated, controlled in magnetic machines and fed to the packaging.

Corn is used to produce crushed three-dimensional corn grits, polished corn grits, large cereals for flakes and small cereals for the production of corn sticks; moreover, siliceous yellow, siliceous white and semi-toothy white corn with a moisture content of not more than 15% and a weed content of not more than 2%
Before the production of cereals, corn is cleaned twice by separation with the separation of weed seeds of wild-growing and cultivated plants, and crushed, corroded and underdeveloped grains of flint and tooth-shaped corn, small grains of popcorn (rice and pearl barley) and other foreign inclusions are classified as grain impurities and sent to fodder waste.

 If there is a mineral impurity in the grain, the grain is passed through a stone separation machine, and the passage through the sowing screens of the separators is sorted on sieves and divided into feed and non-feed.

When cleaning grain, a preparation is made to separate the embryo by moistening the grain with water at a temperature of 40 ^o C with the addition of moisture up to 15 - 16%, after which the silica corn is cured for 3 hours, and powdery corn for 2 hours or instead of moisturizing and curing, the grain is steamed with a pressure of 0.07 MPa for 3-5 minutes with a moisture content of 16%, after which grain is processed.

 The processing of purified and prepared grain is carried out by crushing, selecting the germ, grinding cereals, sorting and control of cereals and waste.

 Grain crushing is carried out in grinders (de-determinants) or roller mills with roll cutting: upper ring-shaped, lower longitudinal, and the products obtained during crushing are sorted in sieving, and large parts of crushed grain are sent to the second system for re-crushing, then the product obtained by passing through the receiving sieve, sorted into 4 to 5 fractions, the gathering of sieves separately by fractions is suctioned and isolated, and then sorted on pneumatic tables, and the guiding of the sieve in the form of fine cereals in roller mills for grinding into flour, and on pneumatic tables, the product is divided into three fractions, one of which is of low density, consisting mainly of germ particles, is fed to a pneumatic table to control the embryo, the heaviest fraction consisting of cereals freed from the embryo, subjected to aspiration, and then sent to the first grinding system, and the intermediate fraction obtained from the middle channels of the pneumatic tables, depending on the quality served for grinding or re-sorting cr nN.

 The embryo, after twice processing on pneumatic tables, is sent to screw dryers, in which 10% of the corn is dried to a moisture content and the crushed corn endosperm particles are polished by four sequential processing in grinding machines, and after each grinding system, the products are sieved in sieves in which powdery particles and finely crushed particles are separated cereal, which is ground into flour on a separate roller system with obtaining, after grinding, cereals, freed from fruit shells and the germ, after which yn sorted by size into five rooms, each room grits subjected aspiration control in a magnetic apparatus and directed to the bins.

Corn grits for flakes and corn sticks are produced coarse and fine in parallel by purification of silica corn, after which the grain is moistened with warm water at a temperature of 35-40 ^o C to a moisture content of 20-22% and cured for 20-30 minutes, after curing, the grain is sent to a drum mill a germ separator (de-determinator), where the grain is split into grooves with corrugated notches until the shell and embryo are peeled off from the endosperm, after which the crushing products are dried to a moisture content of 15%, aspirated, and small mealy and shell particles, and then sorted, and the descent from the sieve in the form of poorly crushed grains is returned to re-crushing, and the large flour is suctioned, controlled in magnetic devices and sent to bins, fine cereals and the exit from small sieves are separately aspirated, separating mealy and shell particles, and then sorted on pneumatic tables, where the germ is isolated, the grits freed from shell particles and the germ are crushed in four sequential roller mill systems, sorted in sieving and finely chopped Rupa, which is enriched in a sieve machine, is controlled in magnetic devices and served in bins.

 At least part of the large cereal intended for the production of cereals is sent to roller mills, sifters and other machines, and then cereal for corn sticks is obtained.

 At least two cereal workshops or two cereal plants can be located on one territory in at least two production buildings, where different crops are processed, using a common elevator, a transformer substation and other main and auxiliary structures, but separate states serving workers.

 At least two workshops for the simultaneous parallel processing of at least two cereal crops can be located in one production building, while at least part of the general main and auxiliary structures and the general staff of workers are used.

 In one building, 2 3 cereal crops can periodically process on one set of technological equipment.

 Cooking-free cereals are obtained from kernels or cereals by cooking, drying, flattening, roasting and cooling.

 Uncooked cereal flakes are produced in cereal plants from oat, barley, wheat kernels or large numbers of polished cereals (pearl barley, Poltava, corn) by steaming and short-term coarsening of cereals, drying cereals, flattening steamed cereals, and drying flattened cereals.

Hercules oat flakes are produced from the highest grade oat kernel, which is additionally controlled and the crushed cereal and random admixture are taken and processed, after which the kernel is sent to control coarse separation machines, to aspiration and magnetic apparatuses, and before conditioning, the kernel is steamed in a vertical steamer without drying or in horizontally with drying to obtain a moisture content of 13–14%, after which the core is briefly brushed for 20 minutes, and the kernel is crushed in a machine with two parallel rolls, the axes of which are in the same horizontal plane or in roller machines, and after conditioning, warm and wet flakes are dried and then cooled to obtain flakes with a moisture content not exceeding 12%
Steam is supplied to a vertical steam steamer at a pressure of 0.05 MPa only after filling it with grits.

 After flaking, the flakes are dried on the dryer belt, which moves at a speed of 0.4-1.2 m / min while the fan is sucking air, and the flakes are cooled by aspiration of flakes with the screening of a small amount of fine particles and flour, and after cooling, the flakes are packed in cardboard boxes with a capacity of 250 1000 g.

 Petal flakes are produced from oat kernels of the highest grade after additional grinding and subsequent sorting into two fractions - coarse and fine, and by passing through a sieve they get flour, then each fraction is processed into petal flakes, respectively large and small, and the process of making flake flakes corresponds to the process of producing flakes Hercules.

 Flattened oat groats are produced by flattening the kernels in a roller mill with corrugated rollers, after which the groats are sieved on sieves, crushed particles are separated, aspirated, passed through magnetic apparatuses and packaged.

 Barley flakes are produced from a well-processed barley kernel - pentac or pearl barley, and pentac is completely freed from shells and polished before being processed into flakes, and after grinding aspirated with the release of 1.0 1.5% of waste in the form of flour with particles of shells.

 Before flattening, the core is intensively steamed in a horizontal steamer at a vapor pressure of 0.12 0.15 MPa for 2 4 minutes, and then the grain is sent to bins, where it is cured for 1 h, after which the core is dried to a moisture content not exceeding 15% a Flattening is carried out in a roller mill, after which the flattened flakes are once again controlled by isolating small grains, aspirated, isolating powdery particles, and metal-magnetic impurities are separated.

 The fiber is produced from the oat kernel, which is subjected to deep hydrothermal treatment, whereby oatmeal is first obtained, and then it is ground into flour.

The hydrothermal treatment of grain in the production of oatmeal is carried out after cleaning the grain from impurities by soaking the grain with water heated to 35 ^o C for 2 hours, keeping in the cooking apparatus at a vapor pressure of 0.15 0.20 MPa for 1.5 2.0 h, and subsequent drying in steam dryers to a moisture content of 5 to 6% and then sent for processing by grinding in roller mills with subsequent sieving.

 Cereals and / or flour from the grain of various cereals with different protein and vitamin composition can be combined in accordance with the recipe to obtain a more valuable flour mixture.

 Skim milk powder or egg white powder may be added to the flour.

 Buckwheat, or rice, or oat, or pea groats are enriched by grinding the groats into flour, after which the flour and skimmed milk powder are separately sent to the sifter for control and fed to the hopper with dispensers installed under them, then flour and milk powder are dosed in accordance with the recipe is fed into the mixer and, after thorough mixing, a homogeneous flour mixture is fed into the hopper above the press, which has a dough mixer and matrices for cereals with holes, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the shape and size of the rice oh, or pea, or buckwheat groats after passage matrices slightly steamed, dried in the dryer to 13% moisture content of 12 sorted by magnitude at kruposortirovke or plating, a magnetic control unit, and then packaged.

 At the same time, vitamins and / or various fortifying additives can be fed into the mixer along with the supply of flour and milk powder.

 Grain "Health" is produced with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Crushed rice 73
Wheat flour 15
Skimmed milk powder 10
Egg white dry 2
Grain "Jubilee" is produced with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Crushed rice 70
Wheat flour 15
Skimmed milk powder 15
Groats "Pioneer" produced with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Passed buckwheat 90
Skimmed milk powder 10
Groats "Sportivnaya" is produced with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Oatmeal 90
Skimmed milk powder 10
Grain "Navy" is produced with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Passed buckwheat 70
Barley groats 30
Groats "Union" is produced with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Passed buckwheat 70
Barley groats 28
Egg White 2
Grain "Strong" is produced with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Barley groats 15
Split peas 70
Wheat flour 15
Grain "South" is produced with the following components in the following ratio, wt.

Barley groats 10
Split peas 20
Wheat flour 20
Corn flour 50
Feed mills produce full feed, and / or concentrates, and / or protein and vitamin supplements, and / or premixes, and / or mixtures of animal feed and premixes and / or protein and vitamin supplements and premixes, and / or feed mixtures for ruminants , and / or special compound feeds, and / or substitutes for whole milk, and / or urea concentrate.

 Feed mixtures for ruminants are obtained from husks with the addition of bran, meal, minerals, microadditives.

 Substitutes for whole milk are produced on the basis of skimmed milk powder with the addition of fats (vegetable salomas), phosphatides, vitamins, antibiotics.

 Urea concentrate is produced from a mixture of urea, grain products and bentonites.

 Combined feeds can be produced directly at agricultural enterprises by adding protein-vitamin supplements to feeds. Combined feed is produced on the basis of grain raw materials and by-products of grain processing enterprises such as flour, and / or bran, and / or cake, and / or meal, and grain feed and by-products make up to 80% of the feed content.

 Feed additives of animal origin in the form of fish and / or meat flour, and / or wastes of many branches of the food industry, mainly sugar, starch and syrup, alcohol, and / or raw materials of mineral origin such as salt, chalk, and / or roughage such as hay, straw, and / or various products containing biostimulants.

 As grain raw materials in the production of compound feeds, corn is used, which is introduced into compound feeds in an amount of up to 70% or barley, or husked barley without films or barley flour, or oats in an amount of up to 50% or millet, previously finely ground or in the form of husked grain, moreover, millet is introduced into compound feeds up to 20% or wheat in an amount up to 70% or rye in a small amount, or sorghum, or chumizu, or buckwheat, or legumes, mainly peas, beans, fodder, or sweet lupine (non-alkaloid), or vetch, or rank.

 Bran is introduced into the compound feed as by-products of grain processing enterprises, which are introduced into compound feed in an amount of up to 70% and / or barley flour, or rice, or millet, or oat.

 Compound feeds may include waste from creameries in the form of meal, mainly sunflower, cotton, soybean, peanut, hemp, or meal, and / or waste from the sugar industry in the form of beet pulp and molasses (molasses), and / or waste from the starch and syrup industry in the form of pulp and gluten, and / or waste from the fermentation industry in the form of dry vinasse, malt sprouts, beer pellets, and / or waste from the fish processing industry in the form of fish meal, whale meal, fish ghee hydrolysis products and / or fodder products of the hydrolysis industry in the form of fodder yeast that are grown on straw or corn cobs or sulphite extracts, or wood hydrolysates.

 In the production of animal feed, they can introduce raw materials of animal origin in the form of processed milk products of milk, casein, waste from meat processing plants, blood, meat, meat and bone, bone meal, fish industry waste, fish meal, fish hydrolyzate, technical and food fats, as well as fodder flour from grass and algae in loose or granular form, or flour from leaves and needles of trees, or hay, or straw, or corn cobs, or the husk of some cereal crops.

 In the production of animal feed, chemical synthesis products can be introduced into them in the form of urea, or ammonium bicarbonate, sulfate, acetic acid, ammonium phosphate.

 Raw materials of mineral origin in the form of salt, chalk, feed phosphates, flour and cereals from mollusk shells, travertine flour, and limestone can be introduced into the composition of compound feeds.

Vitamins A, D ₂ , D ₃ , E, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , PP and others can be added to the composition of compound feeds.

 The composition of animal feed can introduce trace elements manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, iodine.

 The composition of animal feed can be administered antibiotics penicillin, biomycin, terramycin.

 Enzymes, mainly proteolytic and amylolytic, can be added to the feed composition.

 Amino acids in the form of feed preparations containing synthetic lysine and methionine, as well as hormones, antioxidants santokhin, butyloxytoluene, diludine, medicinal and anthelmintic drugs furazolidone, furadonin, furazidine can be introduced into the composition of compound feeds.

 In the preparation of animal feed produce coarse crushing of lumpy ingredients. Coarse crushing is carried out on stone crushers or oil mill.

 After coarse crushing, fine grinding is performed. Fine grinding can be done on hammer crushers or roller mills.

 The preparation of ingredients for the production of animal feed is carried out on the lines of preparation of raw materials, which are installed at the feed mills and which include lines for cleaning and grinding grain raw materials, cleaning powdery products, separating the film of oats and barley, preparing pressed and large-sized products, preparing raw materials of mineral origin, preparing feed food products, preparation of herbal flour, preparation of premixes, preparation of liquid ingredients.

 In high-capacity plants, raw material preparation lines may include separate salt preparation lines and chalk preparation lines, as well as additional grain lines for different crops.

 The line for cleaning and grinding grain raw materials includes automatic scales, an air-screen separator, a magnetic separator, hoppers above the crushers, crushers, and the grinding of grain raw materials is carried out to the size of the bulk feed set by the standard for this type of product.

 The mealy products cleaning line includes automatic scales for metering the incoming product, a screening machine, a magnetic separator, sifters, borates, sieve separators, and in this line, impurities in the form of scraps of rope, rags, chips, metal-magnetic impurities from bran, flour or from herbal or coniferous flour.

 The oat and barley film separation line includes scouring machines, pneumatic separators or aspirators or hammer crushers, sifters and scouring machines, the oat and barley films being separated, respectively, by peeling oats and barley followed by film winding, or by grinding barley followed by isolation of the films .

 The line of preparation of raw materials of mineral origin include a stone crusher, dryer, automatic scales, magnetic barriers, hammer crushers and screening machines, and at least one grinding and sieving of table salt, chalk, shell grits, phosphates is dried.

 For high-capacity plants, two separate lines for salt and chalk can be installed with dryers common to both lines.

 The feed preparation line for food production includes automatic scales, a magnetic separator, a screening machine, a hopper and a hammer mill, and they clean, sort and grind dried beet pulp, dried bard, dried corn feed, meal, meat and bone, fish, whale flour, and dried fodder yeast.

 The herbal flour preparation line includes a pneumatic conveyor for feeding flour, a cyclone unloader, a magnetic separator, automatic scales and bins, and they produce grass flour in containers, unpack the bags, transfer them by pneumatic transport to the production building, clean them of metal-magnetic impurities, weigh them and send them to production, as well as obtaining hay, loosening and grinding in crushers.

 The premix preparation line includes scales, bins, mixers, a hammer mill, a screening machine, and the line is installed directly at feed mills or in specialized workshops and premixes are prepared by loading microadditives together with half the estimated amount of bran filler, meal, in the first mixer, mixing for 15 to 20 minutes, and subsequent grinding in a crusher and sieving with the passage direction to the second mixer, into which the remaining filler is added, and after mixing for 20 minutes get ready-made premixes.

 The premix preparation line includes a carousel-type installation hopper, weight dispensers, a multi-component weight dispenser, two mixers, and the premixes are produced by preparing micro-ingredients by drying, additional crushing and sieving, filling them manually in the carousel-type installation hopper, dosing them into a batch mixer, into which at the same time a part of the filler is fed, and the subsequent supply of the mixture to the second mixer with the addition of salt or chalk from the hopper for raw materials of mineral industry convergence, and after mixing the finished premixes are sent to the main dosing line.

 On the line for preparing liquid ingredients, fat is introduced into the compound feed, which is carried out by installing a fat barrel with an open bottom on a cylindrical heater, heating it and pumping it into a supply tank with a steam heated jacket, an agitator inside and signaling devices of the upper and lower levels, from where through filter traps fat is fed to the mixer, and the fat is supplied by the metering pump and steam is sprayed in the mixer, to which feed is metered and mixed, or the fat is fed into for enrichment with granular feed, or fat fed to the batch mixer through a heated perforated tube, which is positioned under the lid of the mixer.

On the line of preparation of liquid ingredients, molasses is introduced into the feed, which is introduced without heating or heated to a temperature of 50-60 ^o C, followed by pumping through pipelines by spraying nozzles and distribution in the feed. Before adding molasses to feed, urea can be previously dissolved in it.

 Compound feeds are produced by granulation from loose ingredients by pressing, after which the obtained granules are cooled and sieved in machines to separate fine fractions. Cereals are produced from the granules, while the resulting mealy fraction is returned to repeated pressing. Granules can be crushed in special roller grinders.

 In the production of granular feed for fish, binders are added to feed that increase the water resistance of the granules of the substance, forming films on the surface of the granules. Casein, blood albumin and the like are used as binders.

 On the surface of the granules form a waterproof coating of fat, which is applied by spraying, or from glue, or from polyvinyl alcohol, or from starch, or from methyl cellulose.

 A film of polyvinyl alcohol can be formed by irrigation of granules in a special chamber, followed by drying in a vibration dryer.

 At least part of the ingredients from which feed is produced can be subjected to heat and / or mechanical processing.

 Machining can be performed by flattening the grain into flakes.

 Heat treatment can be performed by steaming whole and / or crushed grain. Heat treatment of barley is performed by roasting grain. Heat treatment can be performed by steaming the grain and then roasting it. Processing at least part of the ingredients from which feed is produced can be done by steaming the grain and subsequent conditioning.

 Processing at least part of the ingredients from which feed is produced can be done by treating the grain with intense thermal radiation, such as infrared.

 Combined feed can be produced with the addition of urea concentrate. The urea concentrate is obtained by extrusion from a mixture of 70 75% crushed grain, 20 25% urea and 5 10% bentonite.

 At least part of the feed is granulated or molassed.

 Compound feed is produced by loose and / or briquetted.

 In the production of full-feed briquetted compound feeds, crushed hay or straw and molasses are fed to a special workshop and pressed.

 Protein-vitamin supplements are produced at specialized and / or feed mills.

 The technological scheme of a specialized feed mill includes the preparation of powdery raw materials, animal raw materials, oilcake and meal, chalk and salt, amino acids and antibiotics.

 Protein-vitamin supplements are made on the basis of ready-made premixes, which are supplied from specialized factories, and / or in factories producing protein-vitamin supplements, they produce premixes.

 The storage of flour, bran and cereals is carried out at grain processing enterprises of flour mills and cereals, and / or in the warehouses of consumers, sales bases and individual procurement enterprises.

 Grain processing products are stored in containers in one-, two- or three-story warehouses or without containers in special storages equipped with stationary mechanization.

 As containers use bags, and / or barrels, and / or cans.

 Bags with flour and cereal in warehouses are stacked with a tee and / or five, and / or four, and / or a well.

 The height of the stack is taken from 6 to 14 rows of bags, and with a height of more than 10 rows, each row above the tenth is indented one width of one bag.

 Bags are placed on wooden pallets with a height of at least 0.1 m.

 Passages of not less than 0.7 m are left between stacks, stacks and walls, and main passages with a width of 2.5 to 4.5 m are provided.

Claims (1)

 For the text of the formula, see page