RU2627612C1 - Method of prophylaxis and treatment of repair young chickens of egg breed with coccidiosis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: as an anticoccidial drug appoint toltrazuril 2.5% with water at a dose of 1 ml per 1 l Drinking water continuously for 48 hours in five stages: in 9-10-, 16-17-, 23-24-, 37-38- and 56-57-days of age, ascorbic acid is prescribed in a dose at the rate of 0.05 g on 1 l, And glucose is prescribed in a dose 40 grams on 1 l Drinking water without restrictions under the scheme: in 8-10-, 15-17-, 22-27-, 36-38- and 55-57-day-old age.

EFFECT: use of the claimed method is highly effective for the treatment and prevention of coccidiosis in the repair of young chickens of egg breeds.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary protozoology and can be used in poultry farms of an industrial type for diseases of repair young animals of egg breeds with coccidiosis.

Currently, Russia is one of the six largest countries in the world in egg production. The main producers of eggs today are agricultural organizations, poultry farms, and their share in the total volume is more than 85%.

An analysis of the current state of poultry farming shows that in our country there is still a large share of poultry farms using floor keeping of birds, where coccidioses are recorded quite often, with a large extent and intensity of invasion. In addition, even with cellular content, the technology provides for the maintenance of the parent herd on the floor, which also leads to infection with coccidia. According to the literature, nine species of coccidia (Eimeria spp.) Parasitize in the intestines of young chickens. Among the most widespread and pathogenic coccidia species, Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. Brunetti should be noted [1-3].

With this invasion, one should remember the features of meat and egg poultry farming. When broilers are grown, cases of the clinical manifestation of coccidiosis are very rare, because most broilers on farms receive veterinary drugs against oocysts - coccidiostatics. Nevertheless, due to several reasons, complete prevention of coccidiosis under production conditions is not achieved, and invasion occurs in a subclinical form. Coccidioses are even more common in repair young animals of egg breeds. Since the period of their growing on the floor is much longer (110 days) than broilers (36 days), therefore, the probability of contracting coccidia is high.

Coccidioses are acute and chronically protozoal diseases of chickens of 10-80 days of age, young animals of 4-6 months of age are sometimes sick, and in an adult bird, the invasion proceeds subclinically. All breeds of chickens are susceptible to coccidiosis. This disease manifests itself as general oppression, refusal to feed, thirst, emaciation and anemia. There are paresis of legs, wings and the bird dies from exhaustion. The causative agents of coccidiosis are cellular parasites and are localized in the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the small and large intestines.

A large number of drugs have been proposed for the treatment of coccidiosis, among which various antibiotics, alkaloids isolated from plants, derivatives of various chemical groups and others used to inhibit vital activity or destroy the endogenous stages of coccidia [5].

Depending on the effect on the endogenous stages of coccidia, the drugs are divided into inhibitory and non-inhibitory immunity. The former are used for the prevention of coccidiosis and give continuously throughout the growing period and stop giving 3-5 days before slaughter. This group of drugs includes Avatec, Cygro, Cycostat, Madicox, Coccisan 12% granulate, Montlar 10% granulate, Coccystac, Aviax, Sacox 120, Elanogran 100 and others.

The second group of drugs does not interfere with the development of immunity. They are used, as a rule, with a therapeutic purpose when the first signs of coccidiosis appear. Among them: toltrazuril, amprolium, cocciprodin, tolox, sevazuril, diclazuril and others.

When prescribing anti-coccidic drugs, it must be borne in mind that resistance develops quickly enough and ways to replace drugs have been developed to overcome this.

From all of the above, it follows that the prevention of coccidiosis should combine a set of measures against endogenous (therapeutic drugs) and exogenous (disinvasion) stages of the development of the parasite.

The objective of our research was to develop an effective method for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis of repair young stocks of hens of egg breeds when kept on the floor with affordable means, given the absence of negative effects on chickens, increasing overall resistance after the appointment of the drug.

The solution of this problem is achieved by the fact that as a therapeutic and prophylactic drug (etiotropic treatment) for coccidiosis of repair young calves of egg breed, toltrazuril 2.5% was used at a dose of 1 ml per 1 liter of drinking water continuously for 48 hours in five stages : at 9-10-, 16-17-, 23-24-, 37-38- and 56-57-day old, and to increase the general resistance of the body, young chickens were prescribed ascorbic acid at a dose of 0.05 g per 1 l, and glucose was prescribed in a dose of 40 g per 1 l of drinking water without restrictions according to the scheme: in 8-10-, 15-17-, 22-27-, 36-38- and 55-57 day old (pathogenetic therapy). One of the components of pathogenetic therapy, ascorbic acid, has a positive effect on metabolism, young growth, resistance to infections and invasions, antioxidant effect in tissues, anti-stress mechanisms, catecholamine metabolism and blood coagulation mechanism. The second component of pathogenetic therapy - glucose, has a beneficial effect on the energy processes associated with glycolysis, on the functional activity of all organs and, primarily, the central and autonomic nervous system. Under the influence of glucose, the activity of the cardiovascular, digestive and other body systems improves. The motor and secretory functions of the stomach and intestines are usually somewhat reduced, but the enzymatic activity is enhanced, as a result of which digestion is improved. This drug is well known as an anti-toxic and anti-stress agent.

From the sources of information available to the applicant, the indicated set of existing features is not known, which makes it possible to obtain the specified technical result; therefore, the claimed invention meets the patentability condition “novelty”.

The applicant does not know means of a similar purpose, in which the distinguishing features of the claimed invention were disclosed with the use of it in any combination of signs of the specified technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step". Evidence of industrial applicability is claimed in the following examples.

Example 1. Determination of the optimal therapeutic and prophylactic dose of toltrazuril in coccidiosis of repair young eggs of chicken

The study of anticoccidiotic efficacy and the determination of the optimal therapeutic and preventive dose of toltrazuril in coccidiosis of repairing young egg chickens was carried out in a pediatric poultry farm in the Moscow Region that is unsuccessful for coccidiosis and in the laboratory of VNIIP fundamental and applied parasitology of animals and plants named after K.I. Scriabin according to the guidelines [4].

Different doses of toltrazuril were tested on 150 chickens from the number of spontaneously coccidia-infected repair young calves of the Yubileynaya-Kuchinskaya egg breed from 9-10 days old with floor keeping technology, divided into five similar groups of 30 animals each. Chickens of the first group were given toltrazuril 2.5% with water in a dosage form (LF) of 0.5 ml per 1 liter of drinking water continuously for 48 hours. Chickens of the second and third groups were administered toltrazuril at a dose of 1 and 2 ml per 1 liter of drinking water for 48 hours. Chickens of the fourth group were prescribed 30% amprolium at a dose of 0.4 g per 1 liter of drinking water continuously for 48 hours. The previously noted doses of toltrazuril and amprolium were prescribed to chickens of 1-4 groups in five stages: at 9-10-, 16-17-, 23-24-, 37-38 and 56-57-day old. Chickens of the fifth group did not receive a drug for coccidia and served as an infected control. During the experiment, all chickens were kept in similar conditions on the floor, isolated in groups by metal mesh, and feeding was carried out according to zootechnical standards.

During the experiment on testing different doses of toltrazuril to establish the intensity and intensity of coccidiosis invasion in the dynamics of the chickens, they were subjected to coproscopic studies at 10, 16, 23.37 and 56 days old.

The efficacy of different doses of toltrazuril compared with the base drug amprolium was determined by the results of studies of chickens at 16, 23, 37 and 56 days old of repair young calves of egg breed.

During our testing of different doses of toltrazuril and the recommended dose of the amprolium, observation of them according to the previously noted scheme showed that all experimental chickens took drinking water with toltrazuril and the amprolium willingly and did not deviate from the norm in the state and behavior of experimental chickens treated with toltrazuril and amprolium, not noted.

At the 10-day-old age of chickens, the invasion (EI) intensity in all five groups was 6.7%, while the invasion intensity (II) was from 1.5 to 2.9 thousand coccidia oocysts per 1 g of litter (Table 1).

At the age of 16 days of repair of young chickens of egg breeds, EI of coccidiosis invasion in different experimental groups ranged from 6.7 to 16.7%, while in the control group - 30%. The intensity of invasion in the experimental groups ranged from 2.4 to 3.5 thousand oocysts per 1 g of litter, and in the control 9.8 thousand.

At 23 days of age, the chickens of EI of coccidiosis invasion in the experimental groups ranged from 6.7 to 23.3%, and in the control group - 60%. The intensity of coccidiotic invasion in the experimental groups was 1.7-5.1 thousand oocysts and in the control group, 24.5 thousand oocysts per 1 g of litter.

At the age of 37 days, chickens of EI of coccidiosis invasion in the experimental groups ranged from 10 to 30%, and in the control group 90%; II in the experimental groups was 1.6-5.7 thousand oocysts and in the control group 36.2 thousand oocysts per 1 g of litter.

At the age of 56 days of repair, young hens of egg breed EI of coccidiosis invasion in the experimental groups ranged from 6.7 to 23.3%, and in the control group 70%. The invasion intensity in the experimental groups was 1.5–5.1 thousand and in the control group, 22.3 thousand oocysts per 1 g of litter.

The effectiveness of the tested drugs and doses during the study at different periods of the studies were as follows: in the first group at 16 days of age, the extensivity (EE) was 66.7%, with the intensification (IE) - 71.4%; at 23 days - EE-72.2%, IE-86.9%; on day 37 - EE-77.8%, IE-91.9% and on day 56 - EE-76.2, IE-90.6. In the second group at the age of 16 days - EE-77.8%, IE-74.5%; on the 23rd day - EE-83.3%, IE-92.2%; at 37 days - EE-88.9%, IE 95.1% and at 56 days of age - EE-90.4%, IE 92.8%. In the third group at the age of 16 days - EE-77.8%, IE-75.5%; at 23 days - EE-88.9%, IE-93.1%; at 37 days - EE-88.9%, IE-95.6% and at 56 days of age - EE-90.4%, IE-93.3%. In the fourth group, which was prescribed amprolium, at the age of 16 days, EE-44.3%, IE-64.3%; at 23 days - EE-61.2%, IE-79.2%; at 37 days - EE-66.7%, IE-84.3% and at 56 days of age - EE-66.7%, IE-77.2%.

The results obtained when testing different doses of toltrazuril show that the best intensities are provided by doses of 1 and 2 ml per 1 liter of drinking water for 48 hours according to the scheme and it was (on day 37) 95.1% and 95.6%, respectively, and the recommended dose of amprolium provided 84.3% effectiveness in coccidiosis of repair young eggs of hens.

Based on the fact that both doses of toltrazuril provided almost the same IE, the dose of 1 ml per 1 liter of drinking water was taken as optimal and continued further testing.

Example 2. Determination of the dynamics of the increase in the mass of repair young stock of chicken of egg breed after the appointment of different doses of glucose compared with the control

The dynamics of the increase in the mass of repair young calves of eggs after administration of different doses of glucose compared with the control was studied in the same breeding poultry farm in the Moscow Region on 120 chickens from 9 to 70 days old with outdoor technology for their maintenance. According to the production technology adopted at the farm, all the chickens of this house with feed received a 25% amprolium with a preventive course at the rate of 500 g per 1 ton of feed from the first day of life for 70 days. The chickens selected for the experiment were divided into four similar groups of 30 each. Chickens of the first group were prescribed glucose at a dose of 30 g per 1 liter of drinking water, and chickens of the second and third groups were prescribed glucose at a dose of 40 and 50 g per 1 liter of water, respectively. Marked doses of glucose were prescribed to chickens of groups 1-3 in five stages: at 8-10-, 15-17-, 22-24-, 36-38- and 57-58-day olds with drinking water continuously for 72 hours. Chickens of the fourth group did not receive the drug and served as a control.

During the experiment, all chickens were kept in similar conditions on the floor in isolation and fed them according to zootechnical standards. The general condition of the chickens was evaluated by the results of daily clinical studies (temperature, pulse, respiration), as well as data from blood tests. Control weights were carried out on the first day and after 70 days of cultivation. The general condition of the chickens who received different doses of glucose with water and the control did not change during the period of giving the drug and after it. The intake of feed and water, the condition of the feather cover remained normal during the entire experiment. The safety of chickens was 100%. Data on the dynamics of weight gain in chickens of all groups are shown in table 2.

The results showed that in the chickens of the first group, the total weight gain was 1183 g, in the second and third groups - 1440 and 1486 g, respectively. In the control group, the total weight gain over the observation period was 1080 g. From the analysis of the data, it can be seen that according to the total body weight gain, the best indicators were in chickens of the third and second groups, which received glucose at a dose of 50 and 40 g per 1 liter of drinking water. True, the data on weight gain did not have a significant difference (p> 0.05) and for the optimal dose was taken 40 g of glucose per 1 liter of drinking water according to the previously noted scheme.

The morphological parameters of the blood of chickens were studied before and after the administration of the indicated doses of glucose was carried out on the above groups of chickens. Blood for research from chickens of the experimental and control groups was taken from the axillary vein three days before and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after the last administration of the drug. The hemoglobin content (g / l), the total number of red blood cells (10 ^∧ 12 / l), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the total number of leukocytes (10 ^∧ 9 / l), platelets (thousand / ml), and the leukogram according to the generally accepted bird blood method.

The studies showed the absence of statistically significant changes in hematological parameters, with the exception of a temporary increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin (by 10 and 12%) until the 7th day.

Example 3. Testing the effectiveness of the co-administration of toltrazuril, glucose and ascorbic acid in coccidioses of repair young eggs of chicken

The test was carried out in the previously noted coccidiosis-poor poultry farm in the Moscow Region on 400 chickens from 9 to 70 days old with floor keeping technology. Experienced chickens were divided into three groups and kept in isolation. Chickens of the first group were prescribed toltrazuril at a dose of 1 ml per 1 liter of drinking water for 48 hours together with preparations of glucose at a dose of 40 g per 1 liter of water and ascorbic acid at a dose of 0.05 g per 1 liter of water for 72 hours. The chickens of the second group were prescribed amprolium at a dose of 0.4 g per 1 liter of drinking water for 48 hours together with glucose and ascorbic acid in the indicated doses. The drugs toltrazuril and amprolium were prescribed according to the scheme: at 9-10-, 16-17-, 23-24-, 37-38- and 56-57-day old. Glucose and ascorbic acid were prescribed according to the scheme: at 8-10-, 15-17-, 22-24-, 36-38- and 55-57-day old. Chickens of the third control group did not receive drugs.

All experimental chickens were kept in similar conditions on the floor, in groups, in isolation and fed according to zootechnical standards. The general condition of the chickens was evaluated daily in conjunction with the veterinary service of the farm according to the results of clinical observations.

The intensity and intensity of coccidiosis invasion was determined by the results of coproscopic studies of samples of chicken litter on days 10, 16, 23, 37 and 56. The research results showed that on the 10th day from birth, EI by coccidia ranged from 5 to 5.3%, II from 1.7 to 2.6%; on day 16, EI in different groups ranged from 6 to 41%, AI from 2.6 to 11.2 thousand oocysts per 1 g of litter. On day 23, EI in groups ranged from 7.3% to 70%, AI from 2.5 to 26.4 thousand oocysts per 1 g of litter. On day 37, EI in groups ranged from 7.3% to 91%, AI from 2.2 to 35.6 thousand oocysts per 1 g of litter. On day 56, EI in the groups was 4-73%, AI from 1.1 to 25.5 thousand oocysts per 1 g of litter (Table 3).

The efficacy of co-administration of toltrazuril and amprolium with glucose and ascorbic acid during the study at different times was as follows: on day 16, 1 group EE-85.9%, IE-76.8, 2 group EE-62.7%, IE-63, four%; on day 23, 1 group EE-89.6%, IE-90.6%, 2 group EE-64.7%, IE-82.2%; on day 37, 1 group EE-91.9%, IE-93.8%, 2 group EE-68.5%, IE-85.4%; on day 56, 1 group EE-94.6%, IE-95.9%, 2 group EE-65.4%, IE-82.7%.

The results of the test showed that the co-administration of toltrazuril, glucose and ascorbic acid with drinking water according to the noted scheme provides high extensibility and intensification in case of coccidiosis of repair young calves of egg breed with floor keeping technology.

Example 4. Production test of the effectiveness of the co-administration of toltrazuril, glucose and ascorbic acid in coccidiosis of repair young calves of egg breed

A production test of the efficacy of co-administration of the optimal dose of toltrazuril with glucose and ascorbic acid was carried out in 1615 chickens from 9 to 70 days of age in the Moscow Region breeding poultry farm, which were divided into two similar groups and kept in isolation in one house.

Chickens of the first group were prescribed toltrazuril at a dose of 1 ml per 1 liter of drinking water for 48 hours together with glucose at a dose of 40 g per 1 liter of water and ascorbic acid at a dose of 0.05 g per 1 liter of water for 72 hours according to the previously noted scheme at 8-10-, 15-17-, 22-24-, 36-38- and 55-57-day old.

Chickens of the second group were given an amprolium at a dose of 0.4 g per 1 liter of drinking water for 48 hours together with glucose and ascorbic acid in the previously noted dose and schedule.

Chickens were kept during the production test under similar conditions on the floor, and feeding was by zootechnical standards. The general condition of the chickens during the experiment was evaluated according to daily clinical observations.

The intensity and intensity of coccidiosis invasion was determined according to the previously noted method and in a timely manner.

The research results showed that on the 10th day from birth, chickens of groups 1 and 2 were infected with coccidia by 5.6 and 5.4%, respectively, with AI 2.3 and 2.6 thousand coccidia oocysts in 1 g of litter (Table 4) . On day 16, EI was 6.2% and 31.8%, with AI 2.9 and 5.3 thousand oocysts. On day 23, EI was 6.8% and 74.5%, with AI 2.6 and 8.7 thousand oocysts. On day 37, EI was 7.5% and 23.4%, with AI 2.3 and 9.4 thousand oocysts. On day 56, EI was 5.2% and 26.3%, with AI 1.5 and 5.4 thousand oocysts per 1 g of litter.

The high extensi- on and intensiveness obtained during the production test of the combined use of toltrazuril, glucose, and ascorbic acid in coccidiosis of repair young eggs of egg breed had a positive effect on production and economic indicators. Thus, the safety of chickens for the entire period of the experiment in the first group was 97.5%, in the control 91.4%. The average daily weight gain during the observation period in the experimental group was 13.5 g, and in the control 11.4 g. The cost of feed per head during the growing period in the experimental group was 2.83 kg, in the control 3.24 kg.

The results of the studies showed that the proposed method, which includes the use of toltrazuril as a therapeutic and prophylactic drug with water in the indicated dose and scheme, together with pathogenetic therapy drugs - glucose and ascorbic acid, provides high intensification in coccidiosis of repair young eggs of chicken and renders positive impact on production and economic indicators.

Information sources

1. Akbaev M.Sh. et al. Parasitology and invasive animal diseases. - M., 2008 .-- 776 p.

2. Vershinin I.I. Coccidioses of animals and their differential diagnosis. - Yekaterinburg, 1996 .-- 264 p.

3. Krylov M.V. Key to parasitic protozoa. - SPb., 1996 .-- 693 p.

4. Guidelines for the fight against eimeriosis and isosporosis of animals. - M., 1994 .-- 30 s.

5. Safiullin R.T., Murzakov P.P. The effectiveness of Kenokoks in experimental chickens eimeriosis / Russian parasitological journal. - M., 2011. - No. 4. - S. 143-150.

Claims (1)

A method for the prevention and treatment of repair young calves of egg breeds with coccidiosis, including toltrazuril in combination with ascorbic acid and glucose, characterized in that toltrazuril 2.5% is prescribed with water at a dose of 1 ml per 1 liter of drinking water continuously within 48 hours in five stages: at 9-10-, 16-17-, 23-24-, 37-38- and 56-57-day-old, ascorbic acid is prescribed at a dose of 0.05 g per 1 liter and glucose is prescribed in a dose of 40 g per 1 liter of drinking water without restrictions according to the scheme: in the 8-10-, 15-17-, 22-27-, 36-38- and 55-57-day old those.