RU2627567C1 - Method of catching fish and marine invertebrates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes setting of fishing gear, the concentration of the catch with the help of light sources placed along the perimeter of the fishing vessel at the upper level parallel to the surface of water and the lower level, capturing the fishing object, lifting the fishing gear and pouring out the catch. As light sources on the lower level, high-intensity chandeliers are used, equipped with lamps of red and white colours, which are placed in the area of ship's stems and on the concentrating board at an angle of no more than 5°. Chandeliers are placed on an attractive board at an angle of 30-50°. Adjustment of the voltage applied to the light sources is carried out with a constant control of the behaviour of fishing object in the light field.

EFFECT: increasing the fishing efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to industrial fishing, namely to fishing and marine invertebrates, and can be used for fishing and marine invertebrates that respond positively to light, including saury, mackerel, sardines and squid.

A known method of fishing using an onboard trap according to the Far Eastern scheme. The side trap is made in the form of a net bag equipped with spacer bamboo. For fishing, a trap with spacer bamboo lowers into the sea and with the help of pressure poles (arrows) moves away from the side. To attract fish to the side of the vessel and concentrate it in the fishing zone, searchlights, light and working chandeliers of surface lighting are used. After concentration of the fish is completed, the trap rises by the lifting cables attached to the corners of the lower set, and sometimes by the third lifting cable attached to the middle of the lower set. After lifting, the fish from the trap merges into the hold. Thus, the method of fishing with this device includes several stages: setting an onboard trap, giving it a working form, concentrating the object of fishing over the trap, lifting and pouring the catch (K.S. Zaychik. Fishing devices of marine fishing vessels. - L .: Shipbuilding, - 1972 - p. 1999-200).

The disadvantages of this method include its low efficiency due to the insignificant area of fishing, the complexity and complexity of working with a bulky spacer, even with minor sea waves.

There is a method of fishing and marine invertebrates, including setting the fishing gear, bringing the fishing gear into working form, the concentration of the catch by turning on and off the light equipment located around the perimeter of the fishing vessel, capturing the fishing object, raising and removing the catch (item RF No. 2264098 A01K 73/00, publ. 2005).

This technical solution uses linear halogen incandescent lamps of an arbitrary position of combustion, while they are installed in such a way that their glow bodies are located in one line and glow with yellow light. In industrial fishing, this invention provides a wide uniform distribution of light and helps to attract fish and marine invertebrates to the side of the vessel, however, for the concentration of fish, the resulting light flux is often not enough, as a result, the fishing efficiency does not significantly increase. Due to the fact that the transfer of fish and marine invertebrates to the fishing gear area is carried out by gradually turning off the lights on board the vessel, a partial departure of the fish from the side of the vessel is observed, due to both reduced lighting and the use of yellow rays, which are significantly scattered by the water.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed technical solution is the method of fishing and marine invertebrates, including setting the fishing gear, the concentration of the catch using light sources located around the perimeter of the fishing vessel, capturing the fishing object, raising the fishing gear and catching. The light sources on the vessel are arranged parallel to the water surface at least at two levels with the possibility of rotation relative to the vertical and / or one of the horizontal axes, and / or relative to their longitudinal axis, while the power of the lower level light sources is lower than the power of the light sources located on the upper level; the concentration of the catch is carried out by shifting the fishing maximum of the spectral characteristic of the light sources located at the lower level towards the red light and / or turning them off alternately in the direction of the light sources placed above the fishing gear. At the upper level, light sources up to 5 kW are placed as light sources above the deck at the height of the upper tier of the ship’s masts (paragraph 2406300, IPC A01K 79/02, published on December 20, 2010).

The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- a small area of fishing, due to the location of the lower level chandeliers parallel to the water surface;

- insufficient light density along the concentrating board, which leads to loss of fish when it is transferred from the attracting side of the vessel to the concentrating board, as a result of which the catch is significantly reduced;

- the use of round chandeliers on the working board, according to clause of the Russian Federation No. 2212131 (IPC A01K 75/02, F21V 15/01, published on 09/20/2003) leads to emergency situations. So, during prolonged operation of these chandeliers, the thermal regime is violated in the center of the chandelier, which leads to a partial destruction of the insulation and, as a result, voltage leakage to the ship's hull is possible;

- lengthening and complication of the process of setting and sampling the net part of the fishing gear, due to the significant height of the cylindrical body of round chandeliers, which interferes with the fishing of fish. In the end result, the effectiveness of fishing is reduced;

- the placement of chandeliers with red light in only one place above the center of the trap leads to the loss of part of the catch when it is transferred to the range of the fishing gear, which also leads to a decrease in catch;

- a significant length of a working shot of 10-12 m creates emergency situations and requires cumbersome equipment.

The task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of fishing.

The problem is solved in that in the known method of fishing and marine invertebrates, including setting the fishing gear, the concentration of the catch using light sources placed along the perimeter of the fishing vessel at the upper level parallel to the water surface and lower level, capture of the fishing object, lifting the fishing gear and the catch (casting) of the catch, according to the invention, as light sources at the lower level, use chandeliers equipped with red and white lamps, which are placed in the area of the ship’s rods and concentrating they have a (working) board, to which the catch is concentrated, at an angle of not more than 5 °, and on the attracting (collecting) board, chandeliers are placed at an angle of 30-50 °. The voltage regulation of light sources is carried out with constant monitoring of the behavior of the fishing object in the light field.

Equipping the ship’s rods with chandeliers equipped with red and white lamps makes it possible to create high illumination in a small area in the areas of the fore and aft parts of the vessel, which prevents the loss of fish when it is transferred from the attracting side to the concentrating side of the vessel.

The use of light sources at the lower level on the concentrating (working) side of the chandelier equipped with red and white lamps, increases the area of catch, due to the fact that the red light is located all over the ship. As a result, the time of the fishing cycle is reduced and the catch is increased. As such chandeliers use chandeliers according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2554979, IPC A01K 75/02, publ. 07/10/2015.

It is advisable to place these chandeliers at an angle of no more than 5 °, since this allows you to create greater illumination at the side of the vessel, which contributes to an increase in catch. And when placing chandeliers at an angle of more than 5 ° in the lamps, a halogen cycle is violated, which leads to a reduction in their service life.

The use of chandeliers as light sources at the lower level on the attracting (collecting) board provides an increase in the area of attraction of fish to the side of the vessel, since this significantly increases the distance from which chandeliers attract fish to their light. In addition, they complement the action of the upper level chandeliers, providing in aggregate a large area of fish catch. On the attracting board use the elongated chandeliers described in paragraphs of the Russian Federation No. 2320101, IPC Н05С 3/00, A01K 75/02, publ. 03/20/2008.

Placing elongated chandeliers at a lower level at an angle of less than 30 ° reduces the distance with which the fishing object is attracted. And when placed at an angle of more than 50 °, a significant part of the light beam goes nowhere, without providing a smooth increase in illumination at the attracting side of the vessel. In addition, in this case, a shadow (“dead”) zone may occur.

Voltage regulation with constant monitoring allows you to continuously monitor the fish's response to light, i.e. continuous monitoring of the fishing object (feedback), which, in the final result, provides an increase in catch.

The method can work with various fishing gear, which is recommended for fishing and marine invertebrates that respond positively to light, in particular, airborne traps described in paragraph RF 2264098, IPC A01K 73/00, publ. 11/20/2005; Directory of the captain of a fishing vessel. - M., VO Agropromizdat, 1990, p. 228-229).

However, an additional increase in fishing efficiency can be achieved using fishing gear having a device length commensurate with the length of the vessel and thereby further increase the fishing efficiency, and will also allow the use of large tonnage high-altitude vessels.

It is advisable to use a trap containing a net part, in particular a trap according to paragraph 2616827, as a fishing gear. To implement the method, the net part of the trap is functionally divided into three parts: heel, beige and drain, while the net part is equipped with an overhead to which the surfacing is attached , and the bottom selection with loading, which is performed in the form of a concentrating cargo placed at the junction of the heel and drain parts, and with goods located on the bottom selection of the drain and beige parts; the heel part is made in the shape of a triangle, and the beige part is made in the form of an unequal trapezoid, between which a drain part in the form of a rectangle with an offset towards the heel part is placed, while it is provided with a frame made of veins arranged vertically and horizontally, and a double net is made in the center coating; in addition, the heel part is provided with a lateral edge along which the coupling rings are evenly distributed on the bridles, the coupling cable is passed through the coupling rings; the beige part is carried out with a cut having a beige edge, to which ropes made in the form of bridles are uniformly attached, turning into a single beige rope, which is fixed on a selective mechanism; on the bottom selection on the site

rings, from which vertical veins are placed upwards on the net, on which the anchoring rings are evenly fixed, through the supporting rings and rings on the lower selection, the drying ropes are passed, one end of which is fixed to the upper selection and the other is attached to the selective mechanism.

The number of drying rings fixed on the vertical veins of the beige part decreases towards the beige edge.

The load on the bottom selection of the drain and beige parts is placed either differentially with increasing distance between them towards the beige edge, or along the bottom selection of the drain part it is placed evenly and unevenly on the bottom selection of the beige part.

As selective mechanisms, in particular, various winches, drums, network-selection machines can be used.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings: in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the equipment of the vessel with lighting equipment; in FIG. 2 is a general view of the trap used to catch fish or marine invertebrates; in FIG. 3 - view of the working side of the vessel when fishing; in FIG. 4 - view of the vessel upon completion of fishing, the trap is dried.

The method is as follows.

Upon arrival of the vessel in the fishing area, all lighting is turned on: chandeliers 1, equipped with red and white lamps, placed on the lower level of the concentrating (working) side, at an angle of no more than 5 °, and chandeliers 2 in the area of the ship’s rods; chandeliers 3 with high power distributed along the entire length of the chandelier, located on the attracting board, at an angle of 30-50 °; chandeliers 4 of the upper level, located above the deck at the height of the upper tier of the mast of the vessel. As such chandeliers, fixtures with a power of up to 5 kW are used, in particular KGP-200-5000 lamps. Then the maximum possible voltage is output, which is monitored using indicators 5. The fishing object responds to light and approaches a side of the vessel from a large area, concentrating evenly around the vessel. When a sufficient concentration is reached, the fish turn off the chandeliers 1 located on the concentrating board and the upper level chandeliers 4. The light stays on only on the 3 chandeliers and the 2-pin chandeliers located in the area of the ship's pins. After that, a trap is set up, in which the bottom 6 of the selection descends to the depth of the jamb and the top 7 of the selection departs from the side, thus creating a passage for fish (a general view is shown in Fig. 2), first the concentrating load 8 is lowered and simultaneously with it the bottom 6 of the selection for water drops. Using a winch, the tie rod 9 is etched together with the side edge 10 through the tie rods 11 fixed on the bridles 12, until the fifth edge 13 is fixed on one of the selective mechanisms, for example, a winch (not indicated in the drawing) located at the stern of the vessel. The bottom 6 of the selection drops under the influence of the loads 14 placed on the bottom of the 6 selection differentially with increasing distance between them towards the beige 15 edge, and the fishing gear takes on a working form. The working form is supported by the upper 7 rebound with the overlay 16, as well as the spot 13 and beige 17 cuts. The process of setting fishing gear is completed. Next, the process of capturing (collecting) the object of fishing at the side of the vessel begins. For which they turn on the whole world, they withstand the time necessary to bring the fish to a comfortable state around the vessel. Then reduce the voltage on the elongated 3 chandeliers with large

power located on the attracting side of the vessel, either by gradually reducing the voltage to 0 V by controlling indicator 5, or by alternately turning off the elongated 3 chandeliers with high power from the center to the pins. Next, turn off the chandeliers 2 of high radiation intensity, equipped with red and white lamps located on the pins of the vessel, achieving the transfer of fish to the working side of the vessel. Then the vessel with the help of thrusters departs from the fishing gear and, with the help of light manipulation, the fish is transferred to the space formed between the top 7 selection and the working side of the vessel. Upon reaching a sufficient concentration of fish, all white light sources on the chandeliers of high radiation intensity 1 are turned off, while only red light remains on. The fish comes into a state of excitement (the fish "boils"), reaching a maximum concentration at the surface of the water, the concentration of fish increases along the entire working side of the vessel (see Fig. 3). At this point, the fishing gear begins to lift, the lifting is carried out by sampling a tie-rod 9, concentrating 8 cargo and the entire lower 6 selection. The load concentrating 8 is selected using a winch to the surface of the water, a beige 17 edge is selected using a winch placed on the bow of the vessel (not shown in the drawing). As a result, a tie cable 9 is selected, pulling the bridles 12 associated with the spot 18, drain 24 and beige 23 parts of the device, as a result, a net bag is formed, the fish is caught. Then proceed to the process of casting the catch, for which drying 19 ropes are alternately selected. When sampling, the drying rope 19 passes through the ring 20 of the lower 6 rebounds and the drying rings 21 fixed on the vertical veins 22 of the mesh web of the beige 23 part, and passes through the winch (not indicated in the drawing). In this case, the net cloth of the beige 23 part, located between the veins 22, is collected in a tourniquet, the water is drained, and the fish moves to the drain 24 part. First, a drying rope 19 is selected, which is closer to the beige edge 15, due to which, as the drying 19 rope is sampled, the fish moves to the drain 24 part. After sampling the drying rope 19 as close as possible to the drain 24 part, reinforced with vertical and horizontal veins 25, the fish is in the area of the double canvas 26. A view of the vessel completing the catch discharge is shown in FIG. 4 Caught fish is removed from the fishing gear using a fish pump.

Claims (1)

The method of fishing and marine invertebrates, including setting the fishing gear, the concentration of the catch using light sources placed along the perimeter of the fishing vessel at the upper level parallel to the surface of the water and the lower level, capturing the fishing object, raising the fishing gear and casting the catch, characterized in that as light sources at the lower level, use chandeliers equipped with red and white lamps, which are placed in the area of the ship’s rods and on the concentrating board at an angle of not more than 5 °, and on the chandelier attracting board placed at an angle of 30-50 °, with the adjustment light sources is performed at a constant voltage control behavior of the target species in the light field.

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