RU2626191C1 - Hydromechanical device to smoothly load hydraulic system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: hydromechanical device for smooth loading of the hydraulic system contains a housing, a spring, is equipped with a piston, branch pipe and rubber rings. The piston is installed in the housing, to which the spring is attached. The seal of the piston in the body is provided with rubber rings. Under the water pressure in the network and the spring pressure, the piston moves in the housing to open and close the water flow and relieve excessive water pressure in the network.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of the hydromechanical device for smooth loading of the hydraulic system, by absorbing the water hammer and discharging water at elevated pressure.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulics, in particular to devices for smoothly changing the load of hydraulic systems, and can be used in water supply and / or heating systems, in particular, in heating systems equipped with vortex heat generators, as well as in other areas of technology in which hydraulic systems, for example, when pumping liquid solutions and / or emulsions, suspensions, gels, petrochemicals or liquid food substances such as dairy products or juices.

The proposed device is designed for continuous control without human intervention of the smooth load of the hydraulic system when it is turned on, which is especially important in systems operating in the "start-stop" mode with short time intervals, the most difficult for pipelines, as well as pump motors.

Known hydromechanical devices for smooth loading of the hydraulic system (ed. St. USSR No. 844437, 723267, 752100, 1281802; RF patent No. 2338947; US patent No. 4108418 and others).

Of the known devices, the closest analogue to the proposed one is "Hydromechanical device for smooth loading of the hydraulic system" (RF patent No. 2338947, F04B 49/00, 2007), which is selected as a prototype.

The known device comprises a pump, a pipeline, shut-off and control valves, including a nozzle, a speed regulator for opening shut-off valves with a check valve, a hydromechanical drive of shut-off valves, including a membrane chamber and a transmission mechanism.

The known device provides a smooth start-up of the hydraulic system with the exception of the possibility of large hydrodynamic loads on the hydraulic system - water hammer.

Water hammer occurs when the crane suddenly opens, or also when the hydraulic pump is connected abruptly. Typically, a water hammer is a series of decaying pressure surges. So, for example, in a city water supply system, usually a water hammer is as follows.

In the first 10-15 seconds, the pressure jumps from 0 to 8 atm (at a normal pressure of 4 atm). Further, the amplitude of the oscillations decreases, and the complete attenuation occurs within about 30-60 seconds.

This phenomenon has become especially relevant in Russia with the massive use of ball valves instead of valve valves.

In valve taps, the opening takes place by rotating the valve. Thus, opening / closing occurs gradually, which prevents the occurrence of water hammer. However, this type of crane due to its poor performance (leaks, rapid wear of gaskets, knocks and squeaks) is everywhere replaced by ball valves.

In a ball valve, locking / opening occurs by turning the spherical hemisphere. A design feature of this design is the quick opening / closing, which leads to water hammer and overpressure in hydraulic networks.

The occurrence of frequent water hammer and overpressure leads to:

- the use of pipelines with excess margin of safety, which affects their price;

- rapid wear of pipes and network elements (for example, plastic pipes with a life of 50-60 years become unusable after 25-35 years);

- the increase in accidents at water pipelines.

The main disadvantages of the known device selected as a prototype are cumbersome, the presence of many details, including unreliable ones, such as a membrane, which greatly complicates the design, reduces reliability and increases its cost. All this reduces the effectiveness of the known device.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the hydromechanical device for smooth loading of the hydraulic system by quenching water hammer and discharging water at overpressure by using more reliable and simple structural solutions, which significantly reduces the cost of the design, making it more durable.

The problem is solved in that the hydromechanical device for smooth loading of the hydraulic system, containing, in accordance with the closest analogue, a housing and a spring, differs from the closest analogue in that it is equipped with a piston, nozzle and rubber rings, and a piston is installed in the housing to which a spring is attached, the piston seal in the housing is provided by rubber rings, under the influence of water pressure in the network and the spring, the piston moves in the housing with the possibility of opening and closing the water duct and discharge excessive pressure in the water network.

A block diagram of a hydromechanical device for smooth loading of a hydraulic system is shown in FIG. 1, where the following notation is introduced:

1 - housing;

2 - the piston;

3 - spring;

4 - rubber rings;

5 - pipe.

Hydromechanical device for smooth loading of the hydraulic system operates as follows.

When there is no pressure in the hydraulic system, the device is in the closed position - under the action of the spring 3, the piston 2 closes the channel of the water flow through the device (Fig. 1, a).

When applying pressure to the hydraulic system under the action of water pressure in the network, the piston 2 smoothly opens the duct, passing into the open state (Fig. 1, b).

Smooth movement is ensured by the spring 3 and the friction of the piston 2 against the rubber seals 4. Thus, even with a sharp increase in pressure, the opening of the duct through the shock-absorbing device will be smooth, which prevents the appearance of water hammer.

When establishing the working (nominal) pressure in the hydraulic system, the device is in the Open state - the piston 2 under water pressure completely opens the flow through the device (Fig. 1, b).

When the water exceeds a predetermined level, the device is in the closed position of the duct - the piston 2 moves to its extreme position and blocks the duct (Fig. 1, c).

The duct overlap is carried out smoothly (due to the spring 3 and friction against the gasket 4), which allows for a slight excess of pressure, by reducing the duct channel, to maintain normal pressure in the hydraulic system behind the device.

If the pressure in the hydraulic system is exceeded above a certain level, the device, in addition to blocking the duct, releases excess pressure - the piston 2 opens the drain through the pipe 5 (Fig. 1, c).

When the pressure in the hydraulic system decreases, the device switches to the Open state (at normal pressure) and the Closed state (if there is no pressure in the hydraulic system), respectively — spring 3 moves the piston 2 to the corresponding position.

Thus, the proposed device, in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions for a similar purpose, provides increased efficiency of the hydromechanical device for smooth loading of the hydraulic system. This is achieved by quenching the water hammer and discharging water at overpressure due to the use of more reliable and simple structural solutions, which significantly reduces the cost of the design, making it more durable.

The proposed constructive solution allows to obtain not only a shock-absorbing (extinguishing) device, but also on its basis to combine with a locking device that protects the water supply from pressure surges.

Due to the simplicity of the mechanism, the proposed device is quite cheap and maintainable. You can also visually trace its serviceability. This device does not require electricity.

Also a design feature of the proposed device is that the spring mechanism is located outside the pipeline, which provides:

- reliable operation, since it will not rust and become clogged with impurities in water (especially true when working on pipelines with industrial water);

- increased maintainability of the device;

- visual control over the operation of the device;

- the use of cheap and durable steel springs.

Also, the advantages of the proposed device are lower price and significantly longer life. The cost of the proposed depreciation-locking systems is 500-1000 rubles with a life of 20 years.

Claims (1)

A hydromechanical device for smooth loading of a hydraulic system, comprising a housing and a spring, characterized in that it is equipped with a piston, nozzle and rubber rings, and a piston is mounted in the housing to which a spring is attached, the piston seal in the housing is provided with rubber rings under the influence of water pressure in network and spring, the piston moves in the housing with the ability to open and close the water duct and relieve excessive water pressure in the network.

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