RU2626102C1 - Mixture of powder materials of gravitational type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: mixer of powder materials includes a mixing chamber on a moving wheel which axis is fixed in a stationary bed and a motion generator that converts the reciprocating motion of the pendulum into a rotation of the wheel in which the mixing chamber is fixed.

EFFECT: obtaining a homogeneous powder mixture due to the operation of the generator of motion, as a result of which the mixing chamber with the powder mixture rotates together with the wheel, and the movement of the mixture along the movable inclined trays and walls of the chamber ensures its more intensive mixing.

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Description

The invention relates to devices for mixing components in the form of powders of various materials for the preparation of homogeneous mixtures and can be used in powder metallurgy and mechanical engineering, as well as in other industries (pharmaceutical, chemical, food, etc.), where mixing of bulk materials is required .

Powder metallurgy is a modern and high-tech method of manufacturing powders of metals, metal and metal-like compounds (with carbon, nitrogen, boron, silicon, etc.), various alloys, as well as the production of ceramic-metal products by molding and sintering at temperatures below the melting point of the base metal of the composition . The development of powder metallurgy is due to the need for products and materials that cannot be obtained by other methods, and the need to improve and reduce the cost of output.

Usually, the technological scheme for manufacturing a product from powder materials consists of the operations of preparing and mixing powders, molding, pressing, and final finishing. At the same time, mixing powders is one of the key operations of the preparatory cycle, on which the uniformity of the mixture and, ultimately, the physical and mechanical properties of the finished product (strength, hardness, ductility, electrical conductivity, etc.) depend. Mixing equipment is used to prepare dry mixtures of powder components with each other and plasticized (pasty) mixtures of solid powder components with liquid. The main requirement for mixing equipment is high quality mixing, that is, a uniform distribution of the components of the mixture throughout the volume.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of mixing powder materials, in particular maintaining high quality mixing with a significant reduction in energy consumption.

Known for batch and continuous mixers (Kiparisov S.S., Padalko O.V. Equipment of powder metallurgy enterprises. M: Metallurgy, 1988. 448 p.). The batch mixers include conical, displaced axis mixers, screw, centrifugal. In the first two types, the capacity itself plays the role of a mixing organ. The disadvantages of this type of mixer are a high specific energy consumption, a long process time, and high metal consumption of equipment per 1 ton of mixture.

Continuous mixers include vibratory centrifugal (straight-through and cascade), drum, worm-blade, etc. Powder materials can be loaded and unloaded continuously, which makes it possible to use this type of mixer in automatic lines. The main disadvantage of such systems is the use of expensive automatic control systems for the dosing process of powders when they enter the mixing tank and when leaving it.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed design is a mixer of bulk materials of gravitational type (Patent No. 2526963. Russian Federation, IPC В28С 5/04, B01F 3/18. Mixer of bulk materials of gravitational type / Zaitsev A.I., Lebedev A.E. , Kapranova A.B., published on 08.27.2014), which includes:

- bed;

- fixed vertical case of rectangular cross section;

- inclined trays inside the case with different angles of inclination;

- devices for loading and unloading materials;

- powder dispensers.

The work of the known mixer of the gravitational type is based on the portioned (gradual) introduction of one of the components of the mixture into another (dilution principle) and consists in the following.

One of the mixed components, the mass content of which is less, from the loading device enters the upper inclined tray with a layer uniform in width of the tray and moves along its surface. The second component (the content of which is greater in the mixture) begins to flow onto the formed layer from the loading device. When moving along the surface of the tray, the materials are mixed.

Then the mixture in the form of a thin layer enters the next inclined tray, where a layer is applied of a second component, uniform in width, from the second component from the next additional loading device along the material path. The materials are mixed and the process is repeated until the discharge device is reached.

In order to obtain uniform layers of thickness on inclined trays, longitudinal streams of triangular section are made on their surfaces. Due to the fact that as the second component is introduced, the layer thickness increases, the angle of inclination of the trays to the horizontal increases from the upper tray to the bottom, which ensures the speed of movement of the mixture. Thus, in the process of moving the mixture down the inclined trays, it is saturated with the second material from additional loading devices.

A significant disadvantage of the known mixer of the gravitational type is the lack of homogeneity of the mixture obtained per 1 load, and to increase it, it is necessary to repeat the procedure of loading and unloading the mixture several times, which increases the labor costs for mixing powders.

An object of the invention is to obtain a more uniform mixture of powder components.

The inventive mixer of powder materials of gravitational type contains a mixing chamber, inside of which inclined trays are located from top to bottom, loading devices are installed in the upper part of the chamber, and an unloading device in the lower part.

The mixer differs from the prototype in that for more intensive mixing of the powder mixture, it is equipped with a motion generator made in the form of a pendulum, on the long arm of which a container with liquid is fixed, and on the short shoulder - a rod connected to the ratchet mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion of the pendulum into the rotation of the wheel, in which the mixing chamber is fixed, made in the form of two communicating containers of a cone-shaped cross section, while the trays with one edge are pivotally fixed to the chamber wall with the ability to change their angle.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials:

FIG. 1 - mixer of powder materials of gravitational type.

The mixer includes (Fig. 1):

- a mixing chamber 1 on a movable wheel 2, the axis of which is fixed in a fixed bed 3, dispensers 4 for loading powders, inclined trays 5 for mixing, a shutter 6 for regulating the movement of the powder mixture and a dispenser 7 for unloading;

- a motion generator consisting of a gravitational pendulum 9 oscillating on the axis 8, a container 10 with liquid, a rod 11 for connecting the pendulum with a ratchet mechanism 12, a pendulum pitch limiting unit 13.

The work of the proposed mixer gravity type for mixing powder materials is as follows.

In the initial position, the mixing chamber 1 is stationary and centrally located along the vertical axis of the wheel 2, the dispensers 4 in the upper part of the mixing chamber are open for powder loading, the shutter 6 and the dispenser 7 in the lower part of the mixing chamber are closed.

Mixing of the powders begins in the initial (stationary) state of the chamber 1, when they enter it through the dispensers 4. The inclined trays 5 serve to mix the powders in the process of moving the mixture down. Moreover, their design is such that one edge of the tray is attached to the wall of the mixing chamber 1 on the hinge, and the other edge is movable and can change the angle when the wheel 2 is rotated.

One of the powder components begins to flow from the left dispenser 4 to the upper inclined tray 5 with a layer uniform in width of the tray and moves along its surface. Then, from the right dispenser 4, the second powder component begins to flow, and when moving along the surface of the tray, the components are mixed. Trays 5 are located in the mixing chamber 1 in a checkerboard pattern, and along them the powder mixture gradually moves down.

At the same time, the shutter 6 is in the closed position to prevent the powder mixture from getting into the lower compartment of the mixing chamber 1. After loading the entire volume of the mixed powder components, the shutter 6 opens, and after the mixture is completely moved to the lower compartment of the mixing chamber 1, the shutter 6 closes. The mixing process is repeated when the lower compartment of the chamber 1 with the help of a motion generator moves to the upper position, and the inclined trays due to the hinged attachment to the walls of the chamber change the angle of inclination.

Intensive mixing of the powder mixture occurs when the wheel 2 is rotated with the mixing chamber 1, which requires a motion generator to start. To do this, the gravitational pendulum 9 is taken out of equilibrium, which begins to work due to fluid oscillations in the tank 10 and with the help of the pitch limiter of the pendulum 13.

The step limiter node of the pendulum 13 of the motion generator is configured so that fluid oscillations in the container 10 on the long arm of the pendulum 9, transmitted to the rod 11 on the short arm, support its stable interaction with the ratchet mechanism 12. The ratchet mechanism is aimed at converting the reciprocating motion of the pendulum in sequential unilateral rotation of the wheel 2 with the mixing chamber 1.

Thus, the technical result of the invention is to obtain a more homogeneous powder mixture compared to the prototype due to the operation of the motion generator, as a result of which the mixing chamber with the powder mixture rotates with the wheel, and the movement of the mixture along the movable inclined trays and the chamber walls ensures its more intensive mixing .

Claims (1)

A gravity-type powder material mixer containing a mixing chamber, inclined trays are located top to bottom, loading devices are installed in the upper part of the chamber, and an unloading device in the lower part, characterized in that it is equipped with a motion generator made in the form of a pendulum on a long shoulder which holds a container with liquid, and on a short shoulder - a rod connected to a ratchet mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion of the pendulum into the rotation of the wheel in which a mixing measure made in the form of two communicating containers of a cone-shaped section, while the trays with one edge are pivotally mounted on the wall of the chamber with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination.

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