RU2625891C2 - Hydrocyclone device for cleaning piston engine coolant from solid pollutants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine devices and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: hydrocyclone device for cleaning the piston engine coolant flow of from solid pollutants comprises of a cylindrical body with a tangential inlet branch pipe located in its upper part and an axial outlet branch pipe installed coaxially with respect to the cylindrical body, in the lower part of which there is a vortex chamber. The element with trapping holes is located inside the cylindrical body and the vortex chamber which communicates with a sump tank, located below and having a body for collecting solid pollutants, and the trapping holes are formed directly in the wall of the vortex chamber and communicate the cavity of this chamber with the sump tank. The upper part of the sump tank body covers the outside of the vortex chamber.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of coolant flow cleaning from solid pollutants.

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Description

The invention is intended primarily for cleaning the coolant flow of piston engines from solid particles of contaminants, and can also be used in the energy, petrochemical, metallurgical and other industries.

Known hydrocyclone devices for cleaning liquids from mechanical impurities (RF patents 2006291, 2097142, US patent 2364799, UK patent 438229 and others), containing a cylindrical body with an inlet tangential nozzle for swirling the flow and an axial outlet nozzle for diverting the flow, a vortex chamber for separation particulate matter from the stream; and a dirt collector to hold particulate matter. Common disadvantages of such devices are not high enough efficiency, design complexity, significant dimensions, weight and hydraulic resistance.

A device for cleaning the flow from solid particles of contaminants (RF patent 2480294, IPC (2006) V04C 5/107), comprising a cylindrical body with a tangential inlet nozzle located in its upper part and an axial outlet nozzle mounted coaxially relative to the cylindrical body in the lower part which has a vortex chamber, as well as including a structural element with catching holes located inside the cylindrical body and the vortex chamber, the latter communicating with the dirt collection container, having a housing for collecting particulate contaminants.

The disadvantage of such a device for cleaning the fluid flow is its low efficiency, due to the irrational location inside the cylindrical body and the vortex chamber of the structural element with catch holes. In addition, the device has a complex structure, significant overall dimensions (especially vertically) and weight due to the irrational execution of the catching holes and the location of the dirt collector. Such an arrangement inside the cylindrical body and the vortex chamber of the structural element with catching holes creates additional hydraulic resistance when the flow passes through the device.

These disadvantages worsen the main technical characteristics of the device for cleaning the fluid flow from solid particles of contaminants.

The objective of the invention is to increase efficiency, simplify the design while reducing the size, mass and hydraulic resistance of the device for cleaning the flow of coolant of piston engines from solid particles of contaminants.

The technical result, which provides a solution to the problem, is to improve the separation of solid particles of contaminants from the coolant flow while simplifying the design of the proposed device, reducing its size, mass and hydraulic resistance.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a hydrocyclone device for cleaning solid particles of contaminants in the flow of coolant of piston engines, comprising a cylindrical body with a tangential inlet nozzle located in its upper part and an axial outlet nozzle mounted coaxially relative to the cylindrical body, in the lower part of which a vortex chamber, as well as a structural element with catching holes located inside the cylindrical body and the vortex chamber, which communicates with the dirt collector located below, having a body for collecting solid particles of contaminants, the catching holes are made directly in the wall of the vortex chamber and communicate with the cavity of this chamber with the dirt collector, the upper part of the dirt collector body enveloping the vortex chamber from the outside.

The implementation of the capture holes directly in the wall of the vortex chamber and communicating the cavity of this chamber with the dirt collector, as well as the location of the dirt collector in such a way that the upper part of its body covers the vortex chamber from the outside, allows creating an efficient, simple in design and compact device for cleaning solid particles from flow pollution coolant piston engines having a small hydraulic resistance.

The location of the trap holes directly in the wall of the vortex chamber serves to drain solid particles of contaminants separated from the fluid stream into the dirt collector. The size, shape and number of trap holes in the wall of the vortex chamber are determined by the features of a particular design. The practically catching holes in the wall of the vortex chamber can be round, oval, triangular, rectangular (longitudinal - along the generatrix of the vortex chamber, horizontal or inclined), sickle-shaped, L-shaped or inverted T-shaped, etc.

The geometric shape of the vortex chamber can also be different, which is also determined by the specific design of the device. The vortex chamber may have a cylindrical shape, in the form of a truncated cone (with different taper angles), conical, hemispherical, conical hemispherical, etc.

The indicated features of the location of the catching holes directly in the wall of the vortex chamber, which are used to remove solid particles separated from the coolant flow into the dirt collector body, can improve the efficiency of cleaning the fluid flow while reducing the hydraulic resistance of the device due to the absence of blocking (their) flow of the structural element (s) in a cylindrical body and a swirl chamber.

In FIG. 1 shows the design of a hydrocyclone device for cleaning the flow of coolant from solid particles of contaminants in piston engines.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows embodiments of the forms of perforated holes directly in the wall of the vortex chamber, which are used to drain solid particles separated from the coolant flow into the dirt collector body.

In FIG. 3 schematically presents possible forms of execution of the vortex chamber of the proposed device.

A device for cleaning the coolant flow from solid particles of contaminants in piston engines contains a cylindrical housing 1 (see Fig. 1), in the upper part of which there is an inlet tangential nozzle 2 for swirling the flow and an output axial nozzle 3 mounted coaxially relative to the cylindrical housing 1. In the lower part of the cylindrical body 1 there is a vortex chamber 4 with a series of catching holes 5 made directly in its wall, communicating the cavity of the vortex chamber 4 with the cavity of the dirt collector 6 and serving to drain solid particles of contaminants separated from the fluid stream from the inner cavity of the vortex chamber 4 into the cavity 6 of the dirt collector. At the same time, the housing 7 of the dirt collector with its upper part covers the vortex chamber 4 from the outside.

As a material for the manufacture of the device, special plastics, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, etc. can be used.

The dirt collector housing 7 can be attached to the cylindrical housing 1 of the device in various ways - by means of a thread (as shown in Fig. 1), a flange connection or by welding, special high-strength adhesive, etc. In the first two cases, the device turns out to be collapsible, which allows it to be used repeatedly after cleaning the dirt collector from solid particles of contaminants. In other cases, the attachment of the housing 7 of the sump to the cylindrical chamber 1, the device is a non-separable and disposable product. After filling the dirt collector with solid particles, the device is removed from the engine and disposed of.

The catching holes 5, made directly in the wall of the vortex chamber 4, can have a different design, schematically shown in FIG. 2 (the position designation is the same as in Fig. 1). For example:

- holes 5 are round (see Fig. 2a);

- holes 5 are oval (see Fig. 2b);

- holes 5 of a triangular shape (see Fig. 2B);

- holes 5 are rectangular, longitudinal along the generatrix of the vortex chamber 4 (see Fig. 2d);

- holes 5 are rectangular horizontal (see Fig. 2e);

- holes 5 are rectangular, inclined relative to the generatrix of the vortex chamber 4 (see Fig. 2e);

- holes 5 sickle shape (see Fig. 2g);

- holes 5 L-shaped (see Fig. 2z);

- holes 5 in the form of an inverted letter T (see Fig. 2i);

- holes 5 formed by mesh cells (metal or plastic) with cell sizes of several millimeters (see Fig. 2k).

In addition to these forms of execution, the capture holes 5 may have other various configurations (in plan). Combinations of various trap holes are also possible, as indicated above or otherwise.

The shapes of the swirl chamber 4 may also be different, as shown schematically in FIG. 3 (the position designation is the same as in Fig. 1). For example:

- a cylindrical chamber 4 (see Fig. 3a);

- chamber 4 in the form of a truncated cone with different taper angles (see Fig. 3b, c);

- a cone-shaped chamber 4 (see Fig. 3d);

- a hemispherical chamber 4 (see Fig. 3d);

- chamber 4 conical hemispherical shape (see Fig. 3E).

In addition to these forms of execution of the vortex chamber 4, can be used and other forms of vortex chambers. Combinations of various forms of vortex chambers, both of the above and others, are also possible.

The proposed device for cleaning the coolant flow from particulate matter works as follows (see Fig. 1). The coolant stream containing solid particles of contaminants enters the cylindrical body 1 of the device through the inlet tangential nozzle 2 and, due to the tangential location of the nozzle 2, acquires rotational motion inside the cylindrical chamber 1. The swirling coolant flow in the cylindrical body 1 has a different peripheral speed - high periphery (near the wall) and low in the central zone. When this flow moves along a helical line to the vortex chamber 4. Due to the action of centrifugal forces in the swirling flow, solid particles of impurities are discarded on the inner surface of the wall of the cylindrical body 1 and then enter the vortex chamber 4. Due to the ongoing and intensified swirling of the flow in the vortex chamber 4, rejection of solid particles of impurities on the inner wall of the vortex chamber 4, in which catch holes 5 are made. Due to the action of centrifugal forces on solid particles having a Since the ratio is greater than the density of the liquid, these particles pass through the capture holes 5 and enter from the cavity of the vortex chamber 5 into the cavity of the dirt collector 6, where they accumulate during operation of the device.

The output of the coolant stream, purified from solid particles of contaminants, is carried out through the axial outlet pipe 3 due to the reverse swirling central fluid flow inside the cylindrical body 1. Next, the purified fluid enters the mains of the hydraulic engine cooling system (not shown in Fig. 1), into which The device is on.

In practice, the proposed device can be placed between the engine and its radiator - in the gap between the rubber pipes of the cooling system. According to its technical characteristics and overall dimensions, it is most suitable for use in piston engines of cars, buses, tractors for various purposes, road construction and forestry machines, army equipment, ships, diesel locomotives, etc.

The proposed device can work with the orientation of its longitudinal axis both in vertical and in inclined position.

This technical solution has several advantages - simplicity, manufacturability, compact design, efficiency, reliability, low hydraulic resistance.

The claimed location of the trap holes directly in the wall of the vortex chamber and the coverage of this chamber by the upper part of the dirt collector body allow rational use of the volume of the device, thereby increasing its compactness while reducing weight and simplifying the design, as well as increasing the efficiency of separation of solid particles of contaminants from the coolant stream.

The implementation of the capture holes directly in the wall of the vortex chamber allows you to free up the space of the cylindrical body and the vortex chamber and thereby reduce the hydraulic resistance of the device.

The capacity of the dirt collector can vary quite widely depending on the characteristics of the piston engine (capacity of its cooling system), the operating conditions of the device for cleaning the coolant, and the requirements for it.

Claims (1)

A hydrocyclone device for cleaning solid particles of coolant contaminants of piston engines, comprising a cylindrical body with a tangential inlet pipe and an axial outlet pipe located in its upper part mounted coaxially relative to the cylindrical body, in the lower part of which there is a swirl chamber, as well as a structural element with traps holes located inside the cylindrical body and the vortex chamber, which communicates with located below the dirt collector having a housing for collecting particulate impurities, characterized in that the catching hole are formed directly in the vortex chamber wall and communicate with the cavity of the chamber dirt collection container, wherein the upper housing part covers the dirt collection container outside the vortex chamber.

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