RU2625604C1 - System of tracking sun of concentratory energy system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: system for tracking the Sun of a concentrator power plant includes an azimuthal rotation subsystem (1) and a zenithal rotation subsystem (2). Subsystem (1) of azimuthal rotation is made in the form of a stationary stand (3), in the center of which a horizontal disk (4) with a grooved surface (5), which is the driven gear of the first drive (6), is fixed. The vertical pipe (7) is rotatably mounted on the end of the column (3). At the upper end of the vertical pipe (7), a horizontal pipe (9) is fixed, on which a subsystem (2) of zenithal rotation is rotatably mounted. The subsystem (2) of the zenithal rotation is made in the form of a space frame (10) and two vertical sectors (11) with grooved circular end surfaces (12) being driven gears of the second reduction gear rotated by the shaft (13) of the second drive (14). The space frame (10) comprises at least two (in the figure, four) supports (15) having a

-shaped profile attached to the transverse beams (16) of the spatial frame (10).

EFFECT: system is simpler and less labour-consuming for installation and does not require the use of special tools when assembling it.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of solar energy and may find application, for example, when creating plants with photovoltaic modules.

A known two-axis tracking system for solar power installations (see patent CN 205102445, IPC F24J 02/07, F24J 02/16, F24J 02/54, published 03/23/2016), comprising a hollow cylindrical base in the cavity of which is mounted for rotation around a vertical axis rack equipped with an azimuthal rotation mechanism. A spatial frame is pivotally attached to the rack for installing solar cells on it. The spatial frame is pivotally attached to the plunger mechanism of anti-aircraft rotation, which, in turn, is pivotally mounted on the horizontal console of the rack.

A disadvantage of the known biaxial tracking system is the placement of the azimuthal rotation mechanism in the cavity of the cylindrical base and the use of a plunger mechanism for zenithal rotation, which leads to insufficient mechanical rigidity of the system.

A known system for tracking the sun for a platform with solar cells (see PCT application WO 2008046937, IPC F24J 02/38, F24J 02/54, G01S 03/786, H01L 31/042? Published on 04/24/2008), including a hollow base in the form a truncated cone made of reinforced concrete, at the end of which on the thrust bearing there are located azimuth and zenith rotation mechanisms in the form of worm gears. The anti-aircraft rotation mechanism is connected to a split horizontal pipe to which transverse beams are attached with brackets, which serve as the basis for a platform with solar cells. Inside the hollow base there are two electric motors with drives of azimuthal and zenithal rotation mechanisms.

The disadvantages of the known biaxial tracking system are the placement of azimuthal and zenithal rotation mechanisms at the end of the rack and the split version of the horizontal pipe manufacturing, which leads to insufficient strength of the system and reduces its resistance to wind loads.

Known biaxial tracking system for the sun for solar installations (see application US 2010180883, IPC G01C 21/02, G06M 07/00, H01J 04/14, published July 22, 2010), consisting of a vertical column, the lower flange of which is connected to the cross base , the ends of which are rigidly fixed to four supports, and a cardan joint is mounted on the upper end of the column, to which is attached a platform for mounting photovoltaic modules. The platform is made of lightweight transverse and powerful longitudinal profiled beams. The longitudinal and transverse beams are bolted to the overall structure. The cardan joint has two mutually perpendicular axes, around which a platform with modules rotates when accompanied by a solar disk. The rotation of the platform around the azimuthal and zenithal axes is provided by two linear actuator drives.

A disadvantage of the known system for tracking the sun is the use of cardan joints for suspension of the entire platform with photovoltaic modules, and in the system of linear actuator drives. Cardan joints work satisfactorily only at relatively small angles of inclination between the axles. At large angles, dynamic loads on the drive motor significantly increase, and the accuracy of platform positioning is also reduced.

A known installation for tracking the Sun to place and control an array of photoconverter modules (see patent US 8168931, IPC F24J 02/40, B66F 03/24, G01J 01/20, published 01.05.2012). The Sun tracking installation consists of a massive support base, a lower vertical column mounted on it, an upper column coaxial with it, capable of 360 ° rotation relative to the lower column, and a platform for accommodating an array of photoconverter modules. The platform is a rectangular lattice structure consisting of two longitudinal reinforced beams and a plurality of transverse metal profiles located in one plane. To ensure rigidity of the platform, the longitudinal beams are rigidly fastened with two reinforced crossbars on which short axles are mounted to ensure that the platform rotates 90 ° around the zenith direction. To enable the platform to rotate around the zenith axis passing through the short axles, a linear actuator is used. The azimuthal drive of the installation for rotating the platform 360 ° is made in the form of a chain transmission of torque from an electric motor with a small gear located inside the lower column to a large gear fixed to the axis of the upper column.

A disadvantage of the known biaxial design of the sun tracking system is that the axis of the zenithal rotation of the platform has only two small lines of contact with the main longitudinal beam, which leads to large local loads in these half shafts and the rapid wear of such plain bearings. In addition, this design does not allow you to include the Central longitudinal beam in the overall rigidity of the platform.

A known system for tracking the sun of a concentrator power plant (see patent RU 2488046, IPC F24J 2/54, F16M 11/12, published July 20, 2013), which coincides with the present invention by the largest number of essential features and adopted as a prototype. The known prototype system includes an azimuthal rotation subsystem and a zenithal rotation subsystem. The azimuthal rotation subsystem is made in the form of a stationary rack, in the center of which a horizontal disk with a corrugated surface is fixed, which is a driven gear of the first gearbox rotated by the shaft of the first drive, a vertical pipe is put on the end of the rack to rotate. A horizontal pipe is fixed at the upper end of the vertical pipe. The anti-aircraft rotation subsystem with the help of ring bearings mounted on a horizontal pipe with the possibility of rotation. The anti-aircraft rotation subsystem is made in the form of a spatial frame and two vertical sectors attached to the frame with grooved circular end surfaces, which are driven gears of the second gearbox rotated by the shaft of the second drive. A bracket is mounted on the lower end of the vertical pipe, on which the first and second drives are mounted.

The advantage of the prototype system is the presence of a single compact unit for the azimuthal and zenithal axes of rotation. However, the installation process of the anti-aircraft rotation subsystem on a horizontal pipe using ring bearings is quite laborious, technologically complicated and requires the use of special devices.

The objective of the present invention was the development of such a system for tracking the sun of a concentrator power plant, which would be simpler and less time-consuming during its installation and did not require the use of special devices during its assembly.

-образный профиль, на противолежащих поверхностях которых установлены подпружиненные катки, контактирующие с поверхностью горизонтальной трубы, при этом вертикальные секторы прикреплены к свободным концам двух упомянутых опор.The problem is solved in that the system of tracking the sun of a concentrator power plant includes a subsystem of azimuthal rotation and a subsystem of zenithal rotation. The azimuthal rotation subsystem is made in the form of a stationary stand, in the center of which a horizontal disk with a corrugated surface is fixed, which is the driven gear of the first gearbox rotated by the shaft of the first drive. A vertical pipe is rotatably mounted on the end of the rack; a horizontal pipe is mounted on the upper end of the vertical pipe, on which the anti-aircraft rotation subsystem is mounted with rotation. The anti-aircraft rotation subsystem is made in the form of a spatial frame and two vertical sectors attached to the frame with grooved circular end surfaces, which are driven gears of the second gearbox rotated by the shaft of the second drive. A bracket is mounted on the lower end of the pipe, on which the first and second drives are mounted. New in the system is that the spatial frame contains at least two supports symmetrically located relative to the axis of the stationary strut, having

-shaped profile, on the opposite surfaces of which spring-loaded rollers are installed, which are in contact with the surface of the horizontal pipe, while the vertical sectors are attached to the free ends of the two supports.

The fixed stand can be equipped with at least three height-adjustable screw anchor supports for deepening to the required depth with the possibility of subsequent alignment in one plane located parallel to the earth's surface.

The present invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a general view in a perspective view of the solar tracking system of a concentrator power plant (with removed concentrator solar modules);

in FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the assembly I shown in FIG. one;

In FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the spring-loaded roller shown in FIG. 2.

-образного швеллера 8 закреплена хомутами горизонтальная труба 9, на которой с возможностью вращения установлена подсистема 2 зенитального вращения. Подсистема 2 зенитального вращения выполнена в виде пространственной рамы 10 и двух вертикальных секторов 11 с рифлеными круговыми торцовыми поверхностями 12, являющимися ведомыми шестернями второго редуктора (на чертеже не показан), вращаемого валом 13 с шестернями 14 второго привода 15. Пространственная рама 10 содержит по меньшей мере две (на чертеже показано четыре) опоры 16, имеющие

-образный профиль, прикрепленные к поперечным балкам 17 пространственно рамы 10. Опоры 16 выполнены, например, из металлических уголков, одни концы которых приварены под углом друг к другу. Опоры 16 симметрично расположены относительно оси неподвижной стойки 3. Вертикальные секторы 11 прикреплены к свободным концам двух опор 16, расположенных с двух сторон от вертикальной трубы 7. На противолежащих поверхностях опор 16 (см. фиг. 2, фиг. 3) установлены подпружиненные катки 18, контактирующие с поверхностью горизонтальной трубы 9. Каждый подпружиненный каток 18 выполнен, например, (см. фиг. 3) из пары подшипников 19, посаженных на общую ось 20, прикрепленную к вертикальному плунжеру 21, поджимаемому пружиной 22. Плунжер 21 и пружина 22 размещены в корпусе 23, торец которого закрыт пробкой 24, устанавливаемой в корпусе 23 посредством резьбового соединения (на чертеже не показана). Подпружиненные катки 18 прикрепляются к опорам 16 посредством планок 25, например, с помощью болтов 26 (см. фиг. 2, фиг. 3). Такая конструкция опор 16 и катков 18 позволяет снизить требования к характеристикам горизонтальной трубы 9. Необходимое количество однотипных поперечных балок 17 определяется общим весом пространственной рамы 10 с фотоэлектрическими модулями. Поперечные балки 17 скрепляют в единую пространственной рамы 10 с помощью продольных балок 27, количество и длину которых выбирают, исходя из размеров и количества монтируемых концентраторных модулей. Неподвижная стойка 3 может быть снабжена по меньшей мере тремя регулируемыми по высоте винтовыми анкерными опорами 28 (на фиг. 1 показаны шесть винтовых анкерных опор 28). Электромеханическая система приводов 6 и 15 состоит из двух однотипных конструкций, представляющих собой электродвигатель постоянного тока, выходной вал которого соединен с входным валом червячного редуктора. Первый привод 6 и второй привод 15 установлены на кронштейне 29, прикрепленном к нижнему концу трубы 3. Система слежения за Солнцем концентраторной энергоустановки включает оптический солнечный датчик 30, в качестве которого может быть использован любой стандартный матричный оптический сенсор с разрешением 640×480 пикселей и объективом 1/6 дюйма, что обеспечивает угол обзора около 25°. Управление движением пространственной рамы 10 вокруг азимутальной и зенитальной осей с необходимой точностью осуществляют при помощи центрального блока управления 31, который обычно состоит из стандартного микроконтроллера с блоком памяти и двух силовых драйверов управления первым и вторым электродвигателями 32, 33 постоянного тока соответственно приводов 6 и 15.The system of tracking the sun of a concentrator power plant includes (see Fig. 1) a subsystem 1 of azimuthal rotation and a subsystem 2 of zenithal rotation. The azimuthal rotation subsystem 1 is made in the form of a stationary rack 3, in the center of which a horizontal disk 4 with a grooved surface 5 is fixed, which is a driven gear of the first drive 6 .. The horizontal disk 4 can be made as a single flat disk with holes for weight reduction, and in the form of separate sectors connected into a single whole with the help of steel plates. The corrugated surface 5 can be made of a single-row roller chain in the climatic version. A vertical pipe 7 is rotatably mounted on the end of the rack 3, for which purpose the inner race of the tapered thrust bearing is pressed onto the upper part of the rack 3. At the upper end of the vertical pipe 7 using, for example, a segment

-shaped channel 8 is clamped with a horizontal pipe 9, on which the rotational subsystem 2 of the anti-aircraft rotation is mounted. The anti-aircraft rotation subsystem 2 is made in the form of a spatial frame 10 and two vertical sectors 11 with corrugated circular end surfaces 12, which are driven gears of the second gearbox (not shown in the drawing), rotated by a shaft 13 with gears 14 of the second drive 15. The spatial frame 10 contains at least at least two (four is shown in the drawing) supports 16 having

-shaped profile attached to the transverse beams 17 spatially of the frame 10. Supports 16 are made, for example, of metal corners, one ends of which are welded at an angle to each other. The supports 16 are symmetrically located with respect to the axis of the stationary stand 3. The vertical sectors 11 are attached to the free ends of two supports 16 located on both sides of the vertical pipe 7. On the opposite surfaces of the supports 16 (see Fig. 2, Fig. 3), spring-loaded rollers 18 are installed in contact with the surface of the horizontal pipe 9. Each spring-loaded roller 18 is made, for example, (see FIG. 3) of a pair of bearings 19, mounted on a common axis 20, attached to a vertical plunger 21, pressed by a spring 22. The plunger 21 and the spring 22 are placed at case 23, the end of which is closed by a plug 24, installed in the case 23 by means of a threaded connection (not shown in the drawing). The spring-loaded rollers 18 are attached to the supports 16 by means of strips 25, for example, by means of bolts 26 (see Fig. 2, Fig. 3). This design of the supports 16 and rollers 18 can reduce the requirements for the characteristics of the horizontal pipe 9. The required number of the same transverse beams 17 is determined by the total weight of the spatial frame 10 with the photoelectric modules. Cross beams 17 are fastened into a single spatial frame 10 using longitudinal beams 27, the number and length of which is selected based on the size and number of mounted concentrator modules. The fixed stand 3 may be provided with at least three height-adjustable screw anchor supports 28 (six screw anchor supports 28 are shown in FIG. 1). The electromechanical drive system 6 and 15 consists of two structures of the same type, which are a DC motor, the output shaft of which is connected to the input shaft of the worm gear. The first drive 6 and the second drive 15 are mounted on an arm 29 attached to the lower end of the pipe 3. The solar tracking system of the concentrator power plant includes an optical solar sensor 30, which can be any standard matrix optical sensor with a resolution of 640 × 480 pixels and a lens 1/6 inch, which provides a viewing angle of about 25 °. The movement of the spatial frame 10 around the azimuthal and zenithal axes is controlled with the necessary accuracy using the central control unit 31, which usually consists of a standard microcontroller with a memory unit and two power drivers for controlling the first and second DC motors 32, 33 of the DC drives 6 and 15, respectively.

The current design of the solar tracking system of the concentrator power plant allows you to simplify and speed up the assembly process of the installation directly on the ground without the use of special devices. To do this, install the azimuthal rotation subsystem 1 at a given point in the area, deepening screw anchor piles 28 to the required depth. From the longitudinal beams 27, transverse beams 17 and supports 16, a spatial frame 10 is assembled, onto which an optical solar sensor 30 is mounted. A spatial frame 10 with supports 18 installed on a horizontal pipe 9, then this assembly is lifted by a crane and lowered to the seat on the channel 8 and attract the horizontal pipe 9 to the channel 8 with clamps. Such an assembly of the system makes it possible to combine the center of gravity of the spatial frame 10 with the concentrator modules with the zenith axis of rotation of the system. In this case, the transverse component of the moment of force acting on the stationary rack 3, practically reduces to zero, which is especially important when the concentrator modules are in the direction of sunrise or sunset.

Claims (2)

1. The system of tracking the sun of a concentrator power plant, including the azimuthal rotation subsystem and the zenithal rotation subsystem, the azimuthal rotation subsystem is made in the form of a stationary rack, in the center of which a horizontal disk with a corrugated surface is fixed, which is the driven gear of the first gearbox, rotated by the shaft of the first drive, to the end the stand is put on with a rotatable vertical pipe, at the upper end of the vertical pipe a horizontal pipe is fixed, on which it can rotate A zenithal rotation subsystem is installed, made in the form of a spatial frame and two vertical sectors attached to the frame with grooved circular end surfaces that are driven gears of the second gearbox, rotated by the shaft of the second drive, a bracket is mounted on the lower end of the pipe, on which the first and second drives are mounted, characterized in that the spatial frame contains at least two supports symmetrically located relative to the axis of the fixed rack, having

profile, on the opposite surfaces of which spring-loaded rollers are installed, which are in contact with the surface of the horizontal pipe, while the vertical sectors are attached to the free ends of the two supports. 2. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that the stationary stand is equipped with at least three height-adjustable screw anchor supports.

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