RU2516595C2 - Device for orientation of solar energy receiver - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device for orientation of a solar energy receiver comprises a mechanism of orientation by zenith and a mechanism of orientation by azimuth, comprising a reservoir with a working liquid, according to the solution the reservoir is made as cylindrical and is equipped with an azimuthal guide block, representing at least one helical slot, made on the inner surface of the reservoir, the mechanism of orientation by azimuth comprises a shaft with splints, arranged along the axis of symmetry of the reservoir, a float fixed on the slot as capable of movement along splints, a bellows with permanent difference of levels of inlet and outlet holes, fixed on the float, at the same time the inlet hole is submerged into a working fluid, and the outlet hole is removed outside the limits of the reservoir, on the side surface of the float there is at least one cross beam of the azimuthal guide block fixed with a roller at the end, arranged in the helical slot of the reservoir; the device additionally comprises a mechanism of orientation by zenith, comprises a stem kinematically connected with the shaft, a pusher made as capable of reciprocal movement, at the same time the ends of the stem and the pusher are connected hingedly with a receiver of solar energy.

EFFECT: increased reliability of a device due to simplified design and accuracy of orientation of a solar collector to the Sun due to usage of a bellows clock mechanism providing for smooth even rotation.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to solar engineering and can be used as a device for turning the receivers of solar energy (tracking system) in installations that convert the radiation energy of the sun into other forms of energy, for example, into electricity, heat and other forms: in oriented solar collectors, solar panels and, in general, in any solar energy receivers that do not require high-precision orientation to the Sun, and also as a water clock, programmer or timer with a mechanical power drive, allowing the use of both torque and vertical movement for actuators.

The main scope is seasonal, for individual farms.

Known devices for tracking the sun using optoelectronic and thermal sensors, electromechanical drives, clockwork.

Known automatic receiver of solar energy, which includes two coaxial parabolic mirrors with matching foci, two mechanisms for orienting the axis of the mirrors to the sun in horizontal and vertical directions, flexible and stationary mirror fibers and an automatic control system for orientation mechanisms, consisting of a solar intensity sensor, hourly a mechanism with an electric linear angular sensor, two sequential servo systems for pointing the axis of the mirrors in the sun, a logic block, consisting of two relays for starting during sunrise and stopping during sunset, as well as for updating the memory of the duration of a sunny day and the maximum declination of the sun above the horizon, functional blocks for determining the maximum angle of declination of the Sun above the horizon, for changing the time scale and sinusoidal input in a vertical tracking system that provides the angle of inclination of the Sun in the vertical direction (see application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 98118282, IPC 6 H02N 6/00).

The disadvantage of this tracking device is the high cost of manufacture and maintenance.

Devices are also known according to the principle of operation of direct-acting regulators using heat-sensitive elements based on the thermal expansion (elongation) of liquids, gases, solids, deformation of bimetallic elements, elements made of materials with thermal memory. During their work, the thermal energy of a controlled environment or a source of thermal energy is directly used. A temperature sensor or a thermosensitive element (TEC) is at the same time an actuator of the device.

So, for example, a system for tracking the movement of the Sun is known, which uses thermal drives in the form of torsion bars made of metal with a shape memory effect. Orientation towards the Sun is provided by the rotation of two axes - anti-aircraft and azimuth. Thermal axes of rotation axes operate due to the thermal energy emanating from the Sun. And since they are pairwise interconnected by a differential circuit, they have different temperatures when the degree of illumination (with oblique incidence of the rays due to the selected screens) is different, due to which a difference in the deformations arises between them, which is converted into a rotation of the panel towards the Sun, resulting in automatic orientation relative to the star (see RF patent No. 2313046, IPC F24J 2/38).

The main disadvantage is the lack of reliability of the device with a small difference in the intensity of direct and scattered radiation entering the control elements.

A thermomechanical orientation system for the Sun is known, which contains thermosensitive elements made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, which are combined into orientation mechanisms. Each mechanism has an orientable axis and a skew disk kinematically connected with this axis and the indicated elements through a rolling roller along the disk. When the system is disoriented relative to the Sun, the heating temperatures of the thermosensitive elements are redistributed and the maximum skew angles of the disks corresponding to the corresponding mechanisms are displaced. As a result of this, the orientable axes are driven into rotation (counter-rotating the rest of the mechanisms), returning one or more basis modules to the Sun-oriented position (see RF patent No. 2134219, IPC B64G 1/36).

The disadvantage of this type of orientation systems is the lack of sensitivity and, consequently, the accuracy of tracking the Sun, a partial or complete loss of performance under the variable regime of illumination by the Sun.

The closest is a solar orientation device, in which the azimuth orientation mechanism contains ratchet wheels, coil and coil springs, and the drive is carried out by filling liquid from a stationary tank through a calibrated pipe and a measuring cup of a container suspended on a cable wound on a pulley (see RF patent No. 2117882, IPC F024J 2/38).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the complexity and high metal consumption of the device. In addition, the rotation of the solar receiver in azimuth is carried out discretely, and the ambient temperature, which changes the rate of filling of the measuring vessel, affects the discrete interval.

The objective of the invention is to develop a non-volatile device for the automatic orientation of solar plants.

The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of the device due to the simplification of the design and the accuracy of orientation of the solar receiver to the Sun through the use of a siphon clock mechanism, providing a smooth uniform rotation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for orienting the solar energy receiver, comprising a zenith orientation mechanism and an azimuth orientation mechanism, including a reservoir with working fluid, according to the solution, the reservoir is cylindrical and provided with an azimuth copier, which is at least one screw a groove made on the inner surface of the tank, the azimuthal orientation mechanism comprises a shaft with splines located along the axis of symmetry of the tank, a float fixed on the shaft with the ability to move along the splines, a bellows with a constant difference in the levels of the inlet and outlet is fixed on the float, while the inlet is immersed in the working fluid and the outlet is taken out of the tank, at least one azimuth beam is fixed on the side of the float a copier with a roller at the end located in the screw groove of the tank; the device further includes a zenith orientation mechanism, comprising a rod kinematically fastened to the shaft, a pusher made with the possibility of translational movement, while the ends of the rod and pusher are pivotally connected to the solar energy receiver. The zenith orientation mechanism comprises an anti-aircraft copier located along an arc of a circle centered on the axis of rotation of the rod, a yoke of the anti-aircraft copier radially mounted on the rod, a pusher mounted in a traverse above the anti-aircraft copier with the possibility of vertical movement, a support roller mounted on the lower end of the pusher and pressed by a spring to the patterned surface of the anti-aircraft copier, while the upper ends of the rod and pusher are connected to the solar energy receiver.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view of the installation; figure 2 is a side view in section; figure 3 - orientation mechanism at the zenith; figure 4 is an example of one of the possible scan profiles of the anti-aircraft cam-copier; figure 5 - hinged mounting of the solar energy receiver (solar receiver); figure 6 is a kinematic diagram of a device for orienting a solar receiver; 7 is a schematic illustration of a float with a bellows; on Fig - illustration of obtaining rotational motion using a helical groove in the azimuth orientation mechanism. The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - a vertical shaft with splines;

2 - upper bearing;

3 - lower (support) bearing;

4 - reservoir;

5 - a float;

6 - splined sleeve;

7 - crosshead azimuthal copier;

8 - a reference roller;

9 - siphon;

10 - shut-off valve (upper);

11 - shut-off valve (lower);

12 - surface of the working fluid;

13 - flange mounting the solar collector;

14 - azimuth copier (screw groove);

15 - anti-aircraft cam;

16 - traverse anti-aircraft copier;

17 - pusher anti-aircraft cam mechanism;

18 - spring pusher anti-aircraft cam mechanism;

19 - the rod of the hinge of the solar receiver with a counter flange;

20 - U-shaped frame of the hinges of the solar receiver;

21 - symbol of the solar receiver;

22 - siphon tap;

23 - receiving tank for the working fluid;

24 - symbol of the supporting frame of the device with racks (beds).

The device comprises a vertical shaft with splines 1, which can rotate around its own axis of symmetry in the upper bearing 2, mounted in the support frame (bed) 24 and the support bearing 3 in the lower part of the shaft with splines 1. The axis of the shaft with splines 1 coincides with the axis of symmetry of the tank 4 for a working fluid fixedly attached to a bed. The axis of the shaft with splines 1 has a sliding fit with a splined sleeve 6, which can move along the splines of the axis of the shaft 1, without having a noticeable radial rotation around the axis of symmetry of the vertical shaft 1. The splined sleeve 6 is rigidly attached to the float 5, to which the beam is radially attached azimuthal copier 7, having at the far end from the float a support roller 8 that can freely rotate around its own axis of symmetry, which can move along the azimuthal helical groove-copier located on the inner lateral surface ited tank 4. Since the float is secured one end of a siphon with an inlet opening 9 and a second end which is provided with an outlet siphon crane 22 and placed outside the tank 4 below the inlet. In the upper part of the vertical shaft with splines 1 (above the splined sleeve and the float) there is a mounting flange of the solar collector 13, which is connected through the counterflange to the rod 19 of the zenith orientation mechanism (solar collector hinge). The upper end of the rod of the hinge of the solar receiver 19 through the hinge of the U-shaped frame of the hinges 20 is connected to the solar receiver 21 so that the latter can be rotated together with the vertical shaft 1 with splines and the flange connection connected to it by the rod 19 in the horizontal plane, thereby changing the azimuthal position. To simultaneously change the orientation of the solar receiver in the zenith direction to the rod of the hinge of the solar receiver 19, a traverse of the anti-aircraft copier 16 is mounted rigidly, radially relative to the rod, at the end of the beam 16 far from the rod 19 in the sleeve, the pusher of the anti-aircraft cam mechanism 17 can be moved in the vertical direction, the upper end of which is pivotally connected to the U-shaped frame 20, and the lower end is provided with a freely rotating support roller and is preloaded by the spring 18 of the pusher of the anti-aircraft cam khanizma to the anti-aircraft cam copy 15, the generatrix of which represents some averaged local curve, calculated for a certain time interval. Anti-aircraft cam 15 is rigidly bonded to the stationary parts of the frame. The tank 4 is equipped with two shut-off valves - the top 10 and bottom 11, which allow you to fill and drain the working fluid from the tank 4. Around the tank 4 is a receiving tank for draining the working fluid. The device may include a mechanism for automatically raising the float to its original position. Its function is that in the lower position of the float, the movable rod comes up against a stop connected by a lever that overlaps the lower tap and closes the siphon tap, and then opens the upper tap; the tank is filled with liquid to the initial level; while the float, rising and unfolding, brings the solar receiver to its original position. This device does not contain any electromagnetic devices, does not require power supply and remains operable even in the presence of hard radiation, i.e. It is resistant to radiation.

The claimed invention works as follows.

1. In the absence of the working fluid in the tank 4 and the entire azimuth orientation mechanism (spline sleeve 6, float 5, yoke of the azimuth tracer 7 with the support roller 8) is in the highest position, the roller 8, not supported by any devices, slides due to gravity in the groove of the azimuthal screw groove of the copier 14, at this time, the float descends along the slots of the vertical shaft 1, while unfolding, following the roller into the groove of the azimuthal copier 14, up to the lower position of the groove (select the sector of the turn of technical conditions, for example 180 ° to provide rotation from the position "due east" to "due west").

2. To slow the transition of the float of the orientation mechanism in azimuth from the upper to the lower position, a siphon liquid clock is introduced, representing a calibrated tube having the shape of a siphon 9 with a constant difference in the levels of the inlet and outlet openings. The siphon is mounted on the float 5, and thus, regardless of the liquid level in the tank 4, the height difference between the siphon inlet and outlet openings remains constant all the time, therefore, the liquid flows out so that the liquid level decreases by the same amount for equal periods of time. The stopcock at the outlet of the siphon 22 allows you to stop the flow of fluid from the tank 4 and stop the liquid clock.

3. To bring the inventive device into action as a programmer of the solar position, the device is installed so that the orientation of the solar collector during operation is carried out in the direction from the East (in the initial position) to the West (in the final position). The tank 4 is filled with a working fluid through the upper shutoff valve 10. The float 5 is in this upper position, and the lower shutoff valve 11 is closed. The free end of the siphon is blocked by a valve 22. In the initial position, the float is subjected to gravity, consisting of the weight of the float 5, spline sleeve 6, crosshead 7, support roller 8 and Archimedes force acting on the submerged part of the float 5. In the initial position, the resultant of all forces acting on the float is zero. To start the installation in operation, the siphon is completely filled with liquid in one way or another and the siphon valve is opened 22. The liquid begins to flow from the free end, while its level in the tank decreases, and the result of all the forces acting on the float changes due to a decrease in the Archimedes force. Under the action of the resulting force applied to the float and from it through the yoke to the support roller 8, the latter "rolls" along the groove of the helical surface of the groove 14, turning through the yoke 7 the sleeve 6 with the float 5 and the vertical shaft with splines 1, and with it through the flange 13 and the solar collector. As the fluid flows from the siphon into the receiving tank 19, the vertical shaft with the slots rotates, and with it the solar collector in the azimuth sector specified by the technical task.

4. The device allows you to orient the solar collector, not only in azimuth, but also in the zenithal direction. The rotation of the vertical shaft 1 leads to the rotation of the traverse of the anti-aircraft cam 16 rigidly connected with it, as a result of which the pusher of the anti-aircraft cam mechanism 17, pressed by the spring 18 to the surface of the anti-aircraft cam-copter 15, makes vertical movements changing the orientation through the U-shaped hinge frame of the solar collector 20 the solar receiver 21 in the anti-aircraft direction.

Claims (2)

1. A device for orienting a solar energy receiver, comprising a zenith orientation mechanism and an azimuth orientation mechanism, including a reservoir with a working fluid, characterized in that the reservoir is cylindrical and provided with an azimuth copier representing at least one helical groove made on the inner surface of the tank, the azimuthal orientation mechanism contains a shaft with splines located along the axis of symmetry of the tank, a float mounted on the shaft with the ability to move along the splines a bellows with a constant difference in the levels of the inlet and outlet openings mounted on the float, while the inlet is immersed in the working fluid and the outlet is outside the tank, at least one azimuth traverse beam with a roller at the end is fixed on the side surface of the float, located in the screw groove of the tank; the device further includes a zenith orientation mechanism and comprises a rod kinematically attached to the shaft, a pusher made with the possibility of translational movement, while the ends of the rod and pusher are pivotally connected to the solar energy receiver. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the zenith orientation mechanism comprises an anti-aircraft copier located along an arc of a circle centered on the axis of rotation of the rod, an anti-aircraft traverse beam radially mounted on the rod, a pusher mounted in the traverse above the anti-aircraft copier vertical movement, a support roller mounted on the lower end of the pusher and spring-loaded to the curved surface of the anti-aircraft copier, while the upper ends of the rod and pusher are connected to the solar energy receiver.

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