RU2624962C1 - Manual grenade launching complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: grenade launching complex contains the grenade launchers of various masses, including the body, the rifled barrel with the gun chamber, the trigger mechanism, the butt with the rubber shock absorber, and the single range of cartridges, containing two-chambered shells with propellant charges, fastened to the shells by the destroyed during the shot connection, the grenades of different purpose. The propellent charge in the cartridges shells is made with the maximum mass, corresponding to the allowable recoil energy to the grenade launcher with the largest mass. The barrels of the other grenade launchers are equipped with the devices of dropping the part of the powder gases, when shotting from the barrel into the atmosphere upto the recoil energy level, allowed by the masses of these grenade launchers. The devices dropping the part of the powder gases are formed either by radial holes in the barrels or by the longitudinal channels at the inner surface of the barrels, extending from the gun chambers upto the muzzles.

EFFECT: increase of the complex reliability, provision of the optimal weapon selection according to the mass for firing at the given range.

4 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment, namely to army hand grenade launchers and cartridges for them, but can be used for its intended purpose in other types of weapons.

The history of the development of hand grenade launchers began in the 60s of the last century with the creation of a separate M79 single-shot grenade launcher in the USA, and then under its cartridge M203 grenade launcher mounted on automatic rifles, and almost simultaneously in Germany with the creation of the NK79A1 grenade launcher for the G3A3 automatic rifle , and then on its base a separate single-shot grenade launcher HK69A1. American grenade launchers M79 and M203 are most prevalent in the world, where most countries either use them or create their own versions of these weapons (see, for example, “Soldier of Fortune”, 1/76/2001, pp. 45-47 [1] and “Soldier of Fortune” 2/77/2001, pp. 44-48 [2]). An extensive range of ammunition for military and auxiliary purposes was created for them, presented in "Jane's Ammunition Handbook Edited by terry J Cander and Charles Q Cutshaw Ninth Edition 2000-2001" on pages 560-568 and 570-574 [3].

With the creation in the USA of the already existing hand grenade launchers of the MM-1 multi-charge hand grenade launcher, the first complex of hand grenade launchers [1, 2] is formed, accepted by the authors and the applicant of the present invention as its analogue.

The analogue consists of:

- MM-1 multi-charge hand grenade launcher with a drum magazine, which has a mass (without cartridges) of 5.5 kg and is intended for combat operations in defense;

- an M203 underbarrel grenade launcher, having a mass of 1.36 kg and 4.5 kg after being mounted on an automatic rifle and intended for combat operations both in defense and in offensive;

- a separate M79 single-shot grenade launcher, having a mass of 2.72 kg and intended for conducting special operations by assault units mainly at short range;

- a single nomenclature of combat and auxiliary cartridges, which, when firing from all hand grenade launchers of the complex, has a maximum firing range of 350-400 m with a muzzle velocity of grenades of 76 m / s.

From the mass ratio of the MM-1 and M203 grenade launchers with the mass of the lightest M79 grenade launcher system, it follows that with the same recoil energy when shooting, the MM-1 grenade launcher could have a grenade speed of 110 m / s, and the M203 grenade launcher - 96 m / s. Moreover, since the firing range is proportional to the square of the speed of the grenade, the firing range of these grenade launchers is 730 m and 560 m, respectively. This is the main drawback of the analogue, namely, the underutilization of the capabilities of the heaviest samples of a hand grenade launcher system in terms of increasing the muzzle velocity of grenades and the range of fire by them.

In the framework of the present invention, the analogue grenade launchers consist of a body, a threaded barrel with a chamber, a trigger mechanism and a butt with a rubber shock absorber on the shoulder rest [1, 2], and the cartridges consist of two-chamber shells with a propelling charge and the grenade bond that is destroyed during firing various purposes [3].

Partial flaws in the analogue have been eliminated in the German manual grenade launcher system described in the Jane's international Defense Review, June, 2013, v. 46, No. 6, P8 and selected by the authors of the present proposed invention its prototype.

The prototype consists of a Hydra multi-charge hand grenade launcher, a Cerbor grenade launcher, a separate Cerbor single-shot grenade launcher formed by attaching a stock with a hydraulic damper that reduces recoil force by 20%, and medium-speed shots (cartridges) of 40 × 46 mm MV for firing at a range of 600- 700 m and low-speed 40 × 46 mm LV for firing at a range of 300-400 m.

The Hydra multiple-charge grenade launcher has a mass of 4 kg and can be equipped with magazines for 3, 6 or 10 rounds and a detachable Multi-Ray fire control system (LMS) with a mass of 0.5 kg. As a result, its mass in the production of the shot reaches almost 5 kg. Hydra is self-loading and consists of a body, a magazine, a rifled barrel with a chamber, a bolt, a trigger mechanism and a butt with a rubber shock absorber on the shoulder rest.

The Cerbor launcher grenade launcher has a mass of 2 kg, is equipped with a Multi-Ray SLA and, therefore, after being installed on an automatic rifle or automatic G36K, it acquires a final mass of about 5 kg.

A separate Cerbor single-shot grenade launcher has a mass of 2.8 kg, is equipped with a Multi-Ray SLA and has a final weight of 3.3 kg.

The Cerbour grenade launcher consists of a body, an overlay, a threaded barrel with a chamber, a barrel lock and a trigger with a handle and a fuse. His butt has a rubberized shoulder rest.

For firing from hand grenade launchers, medium-speed and low-speed cartridges are used, with the help of which their munitions are informed of the muzzle velocity of 100 and 70-80 m / s, respectively.

The low-speed cartridge 40 × 46 mm LV is similar to the cartridges described in [3] and containing a two-chamber cartridge with a propelling charge and fastened to the cartridge by a grenade that is destroyed during firing.

Medium-speed cartridge differs from low-speed reduced to 170-180 g cumulative-fragmentation grenade.

The disadvantages of the prototype, according to the authors and the applicant of the present proposed invention, are as follows.

In terms of grenade launchers:

- the operation of the Multi-Ray SLA and the hydraulic damper depends on the temperature and therefore raises the lower limit of the temperature range of operation of the weapon from minus 40-45 ° to minus 20 ° C;

- The MSA and the hydraulic damper require careful treatment during operation, which is impossible in the conditions of military operations in the mountains and settlements. If any of them fails, the grenade launcher cannot be used for firing, since they do not even have the simplest mechanical sight;

- the need to switch Multi-Ray SLAs from one cartridge to another, which in a tense combat situation cannot always be fulfilled.

In terms of cartridges:

- the prototype grenade launchers have only a cumulative fragmentation cartridge, which is clearly not enough to solve most of the most important tasks in modern combat in various space conditions. Therefore, the approach adopted for the prototype in the formation of the range of cartridges and grenade speeds for its ideal samples can be considered erroneous.

The technical task of the present invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of hand grenade launchers, namely providing when firing its components with maximum firing ranges with an optimal mass of weapons.

The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in a hand grenade launcher complex containing grenade launchers of various weights, including a body, a threaded barrel with a chamber, a trigger, a butt with a rubber shock absorber and a single nomenclature of cartridges containing two-chamber cartridges with propelling charges, fastened with cartridges grenades that are destroyed when fired by a bond, different in purpose, the propellant charge in the cartridge cases is made with a maximum mass corresponding to the allowable recoil energy grenade launcher with the largest mass, while the barrels of other grenade launchers are equipped with devices for dumping part of the powder gases when fired from the barrel into the atmosphere to the level of recoil energy allowed by the masses of these grenade launchers.

In special cases:

- devices for dumping part of the powder gases when fired from barrels into the atmosphere are formed either by radial holes made in the barrels of their chamber, or by longitudinal channels on the inner surface of the barrel, passing from the chamber to the muzzle sections and having a depth greater than the depth of the rifling, or screw grooves that coincide with the rifling or running parallel to them, but having great depth.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where in FIG. 1 shows a fragment of a multiply charged (heaviest) hand grenade launcher, in FIG. 2 view - along arrow A in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 is a fragment of a grenade launcher in which a device for discharging powder gases when fired from a barrel into the atmosphere is formed by radial holes, FIG. 4 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 3, in FIG. 5 is a fragment of a grenade launcher in which a device for discharging powder gases when fired from a barrel is formed by longitudinal grooves, FIG. 6 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 5; in FIG. 7 is a fragment of a grenade launcher in which a device for discharging powder gases when fired from a barrel into the atmosphere is formed by helical grooves parallel to the rifling of the barrel, in FIG. 8 is a view along arrow D in FIG. 7, in FIG. 9 is a fragment of a grenade launcher in which a device for discharging powder gases when fired from a barrel into the atmosphere is formed by rifling of the barrel, and in FIG. 10 is a view along arrow D in FIG. 9.

Manual grenade launcher systems consist of a barrel 1 with grooves 2 and a chamber 3, which, for example, is attached by a bayonet mount to the body 4 of the grenade launcher. In the case of 4 grenade launchers mounted all the necessary mechanisms for their intended use (not shown in the drawing). For firing from grenade launchers, a cartridge 5 is used, consisting of a two-chamber cartridge case 6 with a propelling charge common to all cartridges and fastened to the cartridge by a bond destroyed by firing (for example glue) of a grenade 7 with a leading belt 8 made of soft material (for example copper, plastic, etc.).

The work of the proposed designs of hand grenade launchers is as follows.

When firing from a multiple-charge grenade launcher (Figs. 1 and 2), a cartridge 5 is used, in a two-chamber sleeve 6 a propellant charge is placed that accelerates the grenade 7 along the length of the barrel 1 and when it interacts with the belt 8 with the rifling 2 of the barrel to the required longitudinal and peripheral speed. At the same time, the propellant charge tells the grenade launcher the maximum permissible recoil energy in its mass.

When firing from other grenade launchers, having a mass less than the mass of the multiply charged, from their barrels 1 part of the powder gases is discharged into the atmosphere to a level that provides with this grenade launcher a recoil energy corresponding to their masses. The discharge of powder gases from the barrel into the atmosphere can be made by various devices.

In the fragment of the grenade launcher shown in FIG. 3 and 4, the relief device is formed by radial holes 9 made in the barrel 1 in front of its chamber 3. In this case, powder gases are discharged through the holes 9 immediately after the grenade 7 leaves the two-chamber sleeve 6. In the future, the acceleration of the grenade 7 occurs as and in the case of FIG. 1 and 2, but at the same time the grenade acquires a lower speed and, accordingly, the grenade launcher acquires lower recoil energy. The disadvantage of this scheme for the discharge of powder gases can be attributed to the presence on both sides of the grenade launcher of a small hazardous zone created by powder gases flowing from radial holes.

In the fragment of the grenade launcher shown in FIG. 5 and 6, the relief device is formed by longitudinal grooves 10 extending from the chamber 3 to the muzzle, having a depth of 11 greater than the depth of 12 grooves 2.

In the fragment of the grenade launcher shown in FIG. 7 and 8, the relief device is formed by helical grooves 13 having a depth 14 greater than the depth 13 of the grooves 2 extending from the chamber 3 to the muzzle, and parallel to the grooves.

In the fragment of the grenade launcher shown in FIG. 9 and 10, the relief device is formed by grooves 2 of the barrel by increasing their depth 15. The last two options can be considered preferred, because, firstly, the manufacture of relief grooves can be combined with the manufacture of grooves of the trunks and, secondly, flowing through the helical grooves of the powder gas will partially compensate for the pressure on the bottom of the sleeve and, therefore, reduce the recoil energy.

Thus, the proposed technical solution allows the use of a single set of cartridges in all hand grenade launchers included in their complex, and at the same time ensure an absolute balance between the purpose of each grenade launcher and its mass according to the criterion of permissible recoil energy without the use of unreliable devices, such as a hydraulic damper.

Claims (4)

1. A hand grenade launcher system containing grenade launchers with different weights, including a body, a threaded barrel with a chamber, a trigger, a butt with a rubber shock absorber and a single range of cartridges for them, containing two-chamber cartridges with propelling charges, fastened with cartridges of various types that are destroyed during firing the purpose of the grenade, characterized in that the propellant charge in the cartridge cases is made with a maximum mass corresponding to the allowable recoil energy of the grenade launcher with the largest mass, with the barrels of other grenade launchers are equipped with devices for dumping part of the powder gases when fired from the barrel into the atmosphere to the level of recoil energy allowed by the masses of these grenade launchers. 2. A manual grenade launcher system according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices for discharging part of the powder gases when fired from barrels into the atmosphere are formed by radial holes made in the barrels of their chamber. 3. The manual grenade launcher system according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices for discharging part of the powder gases when fired from the barrels into the atmosphere are formed by longitudinal channels on the inner surface of the barrels, passing from the chamber to the muzzle sections and having a depth greater than the depth of the barrel rifling. 4. Manual grenade launcher system according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for dumping part of the powder gases when fired from the barrels into the atmosphere is formed by helical grooves that coincide with the rifling of the barrel or running parallel to them, but having a greater depth than the depth of the rifling.

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