RU2622266C1 - Method of kochetov's explosive protection of industrial buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: method of explosion protection of industrial buildings is that in the enclosing structures of a building, in which explosive and fire hazardous equipment is functioning, explosion protection elements, explosive and fire hazardous equipments are installed on the foundation of the building, and explosion protection elements are made in the side and top fences of the production building. For side fences, explosion protection elements are installed in the form of safety fences collapsing of buildings, and for the upper protections - as explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic ceiling building located therein explosive objects, explosion-proof elements operate as explosion-proof plates, comprising metal armored frame with metal armored plating and filling - lead, which is at the ends of the four fixed-bearing pipe, and roof of the building rigidly hurt s four support rods which are telescopically inserted in the fixed panel-supporting tubes. Filler is made in the form of dispersed air-lead system. The lead is made in the form of crumbs, and the support rods are made of elastic, explosion-proof elements are made in the form of a protective collapsible construction of a fence containing reinforced concrete panels, each of which consists of destructible and non-destructive parts. The non-destructive part is made in the form of carrying ribs placed along the contour of the collapsing part, and the fracturing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located depressions in the wall of the building, one of which, external, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrilateral truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other - internal, represents two inclined surfaces connected by an edge, with formation of a groove. The wall thickness from the edge to the outer surface of the building fence must be no less than δ = 20 mm. When exposed to an explosive shock load, this section of the wall can be split into separate parts. Between the additional elements and the metal frame with armored metal lining, bushings of quick-disintegrating material, for example, glass of the "triplex" type, are mounted on the support rods, and in the upper part of the support rods a damping plate is fixed to the stop sheets, opposite to the panel and in the direction of the shock wave, a buffer device is made in the form of a cone, the top of which is placed on the axis of the opening of the protected object.

EFFECT: increasing the reliability of personnel in explosive areas.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to protective devices used in explosive and radioactive objects, such as easily erasable panels and roofs, explosion-proof fences and dampers, overpressure valves.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is the explosion protection method described in the anti-explosion panel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2334063, class. Е04В 1/92, BI No. 28 dated 09/20/2008 (prototype), which consists in the installation of explosion-proof and flameproof equipment in the building envelope, in which explosive and fire-hazardous equipment operates.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the reliability of personnel in explosive rooms.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of explosion protection of industrial buildings, namely, that they install in building envelopes in which explosive and fire hazardous equipment operate, explosion-proof elements, explosive and fire hazardous equipment are installed on the building foundation, and in the side and upper fences of the production buildings carry explosion-proof elements, and for lateral barriers arrange explosion-proof elements in the form of safety collapsing structures fencing of buildings, and for upper fencing - in the form of explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic of the building with explosive objects inside it.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for implementing the method of explosion protection of industrial buildings, FIG. 2, 4, 5 - variants of schemes of explosion-proof cover plates (or roofs) of an explosive object, in FIG. 3 is a diagram of a collapsing safety structure of a building enclosure.

A device for implementing the method (Fig. 1) of explosion protection of industrial buildings consists of a foundation 23 located on the soil layer, on which explosive 21 and fire hazardous 22 equipment is installed. Explosion-proof elements are made in fences 26 (side and upper) of the industrial building in the form of: for side fences - in the form of safety collapsing structures 24 of the building fencing, and for upper fences - in the form of an explosion-proof plate 25 on the roof or attic of the building with explosive objects.

The explosion-proof plate (Fig. 2) consists of an armored metal frame 1 with armored metal sheathing 2 and a filler - lead 3. In the coating of the object 7 at the opening 8, four support rods 4 are mounted symmetrically with respect to axis 9, telescopically inserted into the fixed support tubes 6, embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, the stop sheets 5 are welded to the ends of the support rods 4. In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, the lead being made in the form of crumbs, and the supporting rods 4 are made elastic.

Safety collapsing fencing design (Fig. 3) of phonon-free buildings (organized collapsing structure - ORK), in which there are no window openings, consists of reinforced concrete panels measuring 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts. The nondestructive part is made in the form of bearing ribs (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour of the ORC. The collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located niches (recesses in the wall of the building), one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other is the inner one, represents two inclined surfaces 15 and 16 connected by a rib 17, with the formation of a groove, while the wall thickness from the rib 17 to the outer surface of the building enclosure should be at least δ = 20 mm. Due to these grooves in the wall of the building under the influence of shock explosive load, this section of the wall can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are connected by fittings (not shown in the drawing) in such a way that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

An embodiment of the explosion-proof plate is possible (Fig. 4), when additional elements 19 damping the impact of the shock wave are attached to the ends of the support rods 4 to which the stop sheets 5 are welded, from the side facing the metal frame 1 with the armored metal sheathing 2.

Additional elements 19 may be made of an elastomer, for example polyurethane. Additional elements 19 can be made combined (not shown in the drawing), for example, elastic-damping in the form of an elastic element, for example, a spring filled with polyurethane.

Between the additional elements 19 and the metal frame 1 with the armored metal sheathing 2 on the supporting rods 4 there are bushes 20 made of rapidly collapsing material, for example, triplex glass.

The method of explosion of industrial buildings is as follows.

Explosive and fire hazardous equipment is installed on the foundation of the building. Explosion-proof elements are performed in fences (lateral and upper) of the industrial building. Explosion-proof elements are arranged for side fences in the form of collapsing safety structures for building fencing, and for upper fences - explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic of a building with explosive objects.

Explosion protection plate works as follows.

When an explosion occurs inside the production room (not shown in the drawing), the panel rises from the action of the shock wave and overpressure is released through the open opening 8. After the explosion and the drop in excess pressure, dropping down, the panel closes the opening 8 and harmful substances do not enter the atmosphere. Stop plates 5 are used to fix the limit position of the panel. In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler of the metal frame 1 is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, moreover, the lead is made in the form of a crumb, and the support rods 4 made elastic.

Safety collapsible construction of buildings works as follows.

For most gas-air mixtures (DHW), the maximum explosion pressure in a closed volume p _max at μ = 1 is 0.7 ÷ 1.0 MPa, i.e. 6 ÷ 9 times atmospheric pressure. Such pressure creates a load significantly exceeding the bearing capacity of structures (walls, floors) of industrial buildings. Obviously, such a lot of pressure should not be allowed. To do this, when developing a production project, openings are provided. Consider the main scenarios leading to the ignition of combustible systems (HS) for compressed gases - depressurization of equipment with the formation of gas-air mixtures; for LVH - emergency liquid spill with formation of vapor-air mixtures; for dusts - dust accumulation on the surfaces of structures and equipment with the formation of dusty air mixtures.

In practice, safety structures are widely used to divert energy during combustion. For this, it is necessary to have such a number of holes in the disturbed building envelopes that would allow the passage of the required amount of both burnt and cold gas. These holes are usually called discharge, and the structures that enclose them are called safety structures (PC). The safety structures are opened at a relatively small excess pressure and thereby provide the possibility of intensive outflow of gas (combustion products and unreacted parts of the gas supply system) through the formed openings from the room to the outside atmosphere. The outflow of gas into the atmosphere leads to a decrease in overpressure in the room. The degree of pressure reduction depends on the area of the PC, the patterns of their opening, the type of HS, the nature of the gas contamination of the room, its space-planning solution, and other factors. A very interesting application as a PC was glass, glazing. Glasses used as PCs can be installed both in the walls of the building (in the form of glazed window frames) and in the lanterns (lantern superstructures) mounted on the roof of the structure. In the latter case, not only vertical glazing can be used, but also inclined and horizontal glazing. The formation of openings in glazed window frames and lanterns (lamp superstructures) occurs as a result of the destruction of glasses under the influence of excess pressure arising in the room during explosive burning of gas. The patterns of opening the glazing largely depend on the size of the glass, their thickness, fixing conditions and the type of glazing (single, double or triple).

There are PC solutions in the form of lightweight drop-down wall panels. These panels are attached to the building frame in such a way that, at a relatively small excess pressure that occurs in the room during explosive combustion of the horizontal structure, the fasteners are destroyed and the panels are separated from the frame. As a result of the dumping of wall panels, a certain part of the external enclosure of the room is eliminated. In the coatings of the building, PCs can be arranged in the form of lightweight slabs that overlap the previously provided openings. The release of these openings is carried out as a result of lifting the plates under the action of the load arising from the explosive combustion of the horizontal well. Organizable collapsing structures (ORCs) are of considerable interest. Autopsy of ORC occurs as a result of the destruction of plates during explosive combustion. The destruction of the plates occurs in the placement of special grooves. The thickness of the concrete layer in the groove is δ = 20 mm. Under the influence of loads, the considered types of ORK are quickly destroyed without forming debris, they retain heat well in heated buildings and are manufactured using existing technological equipment ORK are reinforced concrete panels measuring 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts. The nondestructive part is made in the form of bearing ribs (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour. Plates have weakened areas due to rectilinear, triangular in the cross section of the grooves. Due to these grooves, under the influence of the load, the plate can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are joined by fittings so that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

For reliable operation of the explosion protection system to the ends of the support rods 4, which are telescopically inserted into the fixed nozzles-supports of the explosion-proof plate from the side facing the armored metal frame, additional elements are damped by the shock wave, which perform in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is directed towards the explosion-proof plate (Fig. 2), moreover, additional elements are made of elastomer, for example polyurethane.

Additional elements can be made combined, for example, elastically damping, in the form of an elastic element, for example a conical spring (not shown), filled with polyurethane.

A variant is possible (Fig. 3) when in the upper part of the support rods 4, a damping plate 28 is fixed to the stop sheets 5, to which a buffer device 27 is made opposite the panel and in the direction of the shock wave, made in the form of a cone, the apex of which is on the axis 9 opening 8 of the protected object.

Using the proposed technical solution allows the prevention of explosive objects from destruction and the reduction of harmful substances into the atmosphere during an accidental explosion.

Claims (1)

The method of explosion protection of industrial buildings, which consists in installing explosion-proof and fire-hazardous equipment, explosion-proof elements, explosive and fire-hazardous equipment installed on the building foundation in the building envelope, in which explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous equipment operates, and explosion-proof elements are performed in the side and upper barriers of the industrial building, for side fences, explosion-proof elements are arranged in the form of safety collapsing structures of the building fencing, and For the upper fences - in the form of explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic of the building with explosive objects inside it, the explosion-proof elements are made in the form of an explosion-proof plate containing a metal armored frame with metal armor plating and lead filler, which has four fixed nozzles at the ends supports, and in the building’s cover four support rods are rigidly fixed, which are telescopically inserted into the fixed nozzles-supports of the panel, while the filler is made in the form of an air-lead dispersed system, the lead being made in the shape of a crumb, and the support rods made of elastic, the explosion-proof elements are made in the form of a safety collapsing guard structure containing reinforced concrete panels, each of which consists of a collapsing and non-collapsing part, while the non-collapsing part is made in the form of bearing ribs placed along the contour of the collapsing part, and the collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located recesses in the wall of the building I, one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other is the inner one, consists of two inclined surfaces connected by an edge to form a groove, while the wall thickness from the edge to the outer surface of the building enclosure should not be less than δ = 20 mm, while under the influence of shock explosive load this section of the wall can be divided into separate parts, characterized in that between the additional elements and the metal frame with armor With metal sheathing, sleeves of rapidly breaking material, for example triplex glass, are installed on the support rods, and a damping plate is attached to the stop sheets in the upper part of the support rods, to which a buffer device made in the form of a cone is connected to the opposite panels and in the direction of the shock wave , the top of which is placed on the axis of the opening of the protected object.

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