RU2600239C1 - Kochetov method for explosion protection of explosive objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: safety devices.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to protective devices used in explosive and radioactive facilities, such as easily detachable panels and roofs, explosion-proof enclosures and shutters, excess pressure valves. Method for explosion protection of industrial buildings comprises installing in enclosing structures of buildings, in which operates explosion hazard and fire equipment, explosion-proof elements. Explosive and fire-hazard equipment is installed on foundation of building, and in side and upper enclosures of factory building blast elements are made. For side enclosures are blast elements are installed in form of safety breaking structures of building enclosures, and for upper enclosures - in form of explosion-proof boards on roof or attic floor of building with explosive objects located therein, blast-proof elements are made in form of plates comprising metal armored frame with metallic armored lining and filler - lead, having in ends four fixed pipe-supports, and in coating of building there are embedded rigidly four bearing rods, which are telescopically inserted into fixed pipe-supports of panel, wherein filler is made in form of air-lead disperse system, wherein lead is in form of chips, and bearing rods are made flexible. Explosion proof elements are made in form of safety destructible enclosure structure comprising reinforced-concrete panel, each of which consists of destructible and non-destructible parts. To ends of support rods, which are telescopically inserted into fixed pipe-supports of explosion-proof plate on side turned towards metal armored frame, there are additionally attached elements, damping effect of shock wave, which are made in form of truncated cone, smaller base of which is directed towards explosion-proof plate, wherein additional elements are made from elastomer, for example polyurethane, or additional elements are combined, for example elastic damping, in form of elastic element, for example conical spring, filled with polyurethane, and to ends of support rods, on side facing metal framework there are attached additional elements, damping effect of shock wave, between additional elements and metal frame with armored metal plating, on support rods there are bushings made of vibration-destructible material, for example "triplex" glass.

EFFECT: increased reliability of operation of personnel in highly explosive premises.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to protective devices used in explosive and radioactive objects, such as easily erasable panels and roofs, explosion-proof fences and dampers, overpressure valves.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is the explosion protection method described in the anti-explosion panel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2334063, Cl. EB04 1/92, B.I. No. 28 dated 09/20/2008 (prototype), which consists in the installation of explosion-proof elements in the building envelope, in which explosive and fire hazardous equipment operate.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the reliability of personnel in explosive rooms.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of explosion protection of explosive objects, which consists in installing explosive and fire hazardous equipment in explosion-proof building structures, explosion-proof elements, explosive and fire hazardous equipment are installed on the building foundation, and in the side and upper fences of the production buildings carry explosion-proof elements, and for side fences, explosion-proof elements are arranged in the form of safety collapsing structures These are fencing of buildings, and for upper fences - in the form of explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic floor of a building with explosive objects inside it.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for implementing the method of explosion protection of industrial explosive objects, FIG. 2 is a diagram of an explosion-proof cover plate (or roof) of an explosive object, FIG. 3 is a diagram of a collapsing safety structure of a building enclosure; FIG. 4 is an embodiment of an explosion-proof plate.

A device for implementing the method (Fig. 1) of explosion protection of explosive objects consists of a foundation 26 located on the soil layer, on which explosive 24 and fire hazardous 25 equipment is installed. Explosion-proof elements are made in the fences 29 (side and upper) of the industrial building: for side fences in the form of safety collapsing structures 27 fences of buildings, and for upper fences - in the form of an explosion-proof plate 28 on the roof or attic of a building with explosive objects.

The explosion-proof plate (Fig. 2) consists of an armored metal frame 1 with armored metal sheathing 2 and a filler - lead 3. In the coating of the object 7 at the opening 8, four support rods 4 are mounted symmetrically with respect to axis 9, telescopically inserted into the fixed support tubes 6, embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, stop plates 5 are welded to the ends of the support rods 4. In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, the lead being made in the form of crumbs, and the supporting rods 4 are made elastic. The filler may be made in the form of spherical crumbs of one diameter or in the form of spherical crumbs of different diameters. The filler can be made in the form of crumbs of arbitrary shape of different diametric (maximum external, arbitrary shape, contour of the crumb) size.

The safety collapsing construction of the fence 18 (Fig. 3) of phononless buildings (organized collapsing construction - ORK), in which there are no window openings, consists of reinforced concrete panels measuring 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts 10. The non-collapsing part is made in the form of load-bearing ribs (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour of the ORC. The collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located niches (recesses in buildings), one of which, the outer one, is formed by planes 11, 12, 13, 14 of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other, the inner one, is two inclined surfaces 15 and 16, connected by a rib 17, with the formation of a groove, while the wall thickness from the rib 17 to the outer surface of the building enclosure should be at least δ = 20 mm. Due to these grooves in the wall of the building, under the influence of shock, explosive load, this section of the wall can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are connected by fittings (not shown in the drawings) in such a way that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

An embodiment of the explosion-proof plate is possible (Fig. 4), when additional elements 19 damping the impact of the shock wave are attached to the ends of the support rods 4 to which the stop sheets 5 are welded, from the side facing the metal frame 1 with the armored metal sheathing 2.

Additional elements 19 may be made of an elastomer, for example polyurethane. Additional elements 19 can be made combined (not shown in the drawings), for example, elastic-damping in the form of an elastic element, for example, a spring filled with polyurethane.

Between the additional elements 19 and the metal frame 1 with armored metal sheathing 2, on the supporting rods 4 there are bushings 20 made of rapidly collapsing material, for example glass, of the “triplex” type.

A variant is possible when a safety indicator 21 is fixed on the surface of a sleeve 20 of quick-breaking material in the form of a sensor that responds to deformation, for example, a strain gauge, the output of which is connected to a signal amplifier 22, for example, a strain gauge, and the output of the strain gauge is connected to the input of the emergency warning device 23.

The method of explosion protection of explosive objects is as follows.

Explosive and fire hazardous equipment is installed on the foundation of the building. Explosion-proof elements are performed in fences (lateral and upper) of the industrial building. Explosion-proof elements are arranged for side fences in the form of collapsing safety structures for building fencing, and for upper fences - explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic of a building with explosive objects.

Explosion protection plate works as follows.

When an explosion occurs inside the production room (not shown in the drawings), the panel rises from the action of the shock wave and overpressure is released through the open opening 8. After the explosion and the drop in excess pressure, dropping down, the panel closes the opening 8 and harmful substances do not enter the atmosphere. To fix the limit position of the panel, stop plates 5 are used. In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler of the metal frame 1 is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, moreover, the lead is made in the form of a crumb, and the support rods 4 made elastic.

Safety collapsible construction of buildings works as follows.

For most gas-air mixtures (DHW), the maximum explosion pressure in a closed volume p _max at µ = 1 is 0.7 ÷ 1.0 MPa, i.e. 6 ÷ 9 times atmospheric pressure. Such pressure creates a load significantly exceeding the bearing capacity of structures (walls, floors) of industrial buildings. Obviously, such a lot of pressure should not be allowed. To do this, when developing a production project, openings are provided. Consider the main scenarios leading to the ignition of combustible systems (HS) for compressed gases - depressurization of equipment with the formation of gas-air mixtures; for LVH - emergency liquid spill with formation of vapor-air mixtures; for dusts - dust accumulation on the surfaces of structures and equipment with the formation of dusty air mixtures.

In practice, safety structures are widely used to divert energy during combustion. For this, it is necessary to have such a number of holes in the disturbed building envelopes that would allow the passage of the required amount of both burnt and cold gas. These holes are usually called discharge, and the structures that enclose them are called safety structures (PC). The safety structures are opened at a relatively small excess pressure and thereby provide the possibility of intensive outflow of gas (combustion products and unreacted parts of the gas supply system) through the formed openings from the room to the outside atmosphere. The outflow of gas into the atmosphere leads to a decrease in overpressure in the room. The degree of pressure reduction depends on the area of the PC, the patterns of their opening, the type of HS, the nature of the gas contamination of the room, its space-planning solution, and other factors. A very interesting application as a PC was glass, glazing. Glasses used as PCs can be installed both in the walls of the building (in the form of glazed window frames) and in the lanterns (lantern superstructures) mounted on the roof of the structure. There are PC solutions in the form of lightweight drop-down wall panels. These panels are attached to the building frame in such a way that, at a relatively small excess pressure that occurs in the room during explosive combustion of the horizontal structure, the fasteners are destroyed and the panels are separated from the frame. As a result of the dumping of wall panels, a certain part of the external enclosure of the room is eliminated. In the coatings of the building, PCs can be arranged in the form of lightweight slabs that overlap the previously provided openings. The release of these openings is carried out as a result of lifting the plates under the action of the load arising from the explosive combustion of the horizontal well. Organizable collapsing structures (ORCs) are of considerable interest. Autopsy of ORCs occurs as a result of the destruction of plates during explosive combustion. The destruction of the plates occurs in the placement of special grooves. The thickness of the concrete layer in the groove is δ = 20 mm. Under the influence of loads, the considered types of ORK are quickly destroyed without forming debris, they retain heat well in heated buildings and are manufactured using existing technological equipment ORK are reinforced concrete panels measuring 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts. The nondestructive part is made in the form of bearing ribs (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour. Plates have weakened areas due to rectilinear grooves in the cross section. Due to these grooves, under the influence of the load, the plate can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are joined by fittings so that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

For reliable operation of the explosion protection system to the ends of the support rods 4, which are telescopically inserted into the fixed nozzles-supports of the explosion-proof plate from the side facing the armored metal frame, additional elements are damped by the shock wave, which perform in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is directed towards the explosion-proof plate (Fig. 2), moreover, additional elements are made of elastomer, for example polyurethane.

Additional elements can be made combined, for example, elastically damping, in the form of an elastic element, for example, a conical spring (not shown in the drawings) filled with polyurethane.

Using the proposed technical solution allows the prevention of explosive objects from destruction and the reduction of harmful substances into the atmosphere during an accidental explosion.

Claims (2)

1. The method of explosion protection of explosive objects, which consists in installing explosion-proof and fire-hazardous equipment, explosion-proof elements, explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous equipment installed on the building foundation in the building envelope, in which explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous equipment operates, and explosion-proof elements are performed in the side and upper barriers of the production building moreover, for side fences, explosion-proof elements are arranged in the form of safety collapsing structures of the building fencing, and for upper fences - in the form of explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic of the building with explosive objects located in it, the explosion-proof elements are made in the form of an explosion-proof plate containing a metal armored frame with metal armor plating and lead filler, which has four fixed nozzles at the ends supports, and in the building’s cover four support rods are rigidly fixed, which are telescopically inserted into the fixed nozzles-supports of the panel, while the filler is made in the form of an air-lead dispersed system, the lead being made in the shape of a crumb, and the supporting rods made of elastic, the explosion-proof elements are made in the form of a safety collapsing fencing structure containing reinforced concrete panels, each of which consists of a collapsing and non-collapsing parts, while the non-collapsing part is made in the form of bearing ribs placed along the contour of the collapsing part, and the collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located recesses in the wall of the building I, one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other is the inner one, consists of two inclined surfaces connected by an edge to form a groove, while the wall thickness from the edge to the outer surface of the building enclosure should not be less than δ = 20 mm, while under the influence of shock explosive load this section of the wall can be divided into separate parts, to the ends of the support rods, which are telescopically inserted into the stationary nozzles supporting the explosion the protective plate from the side facing the armored metal frame, attach additional elements damping the shock wave, which are in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is directed towards the explosion-proof plate, and additional elements are made of elastomer, for example polyurethane, or additional elements combined, for example, elastic damping, in the form of an elastic element, for example a conical spring filled with polyurethane, characterized in that then, to the ends of the support rods, from the side facing the metal frame, additional elements damping the impact of the shock wave are attached, and between the additional elements and the metal frame with armored metal sheathing on the support rods, bushings of quick-breaking material, for example glass, such as triplex, are installed . 2. The method of explosion protection of explosive objects according to claim 1, characterized in that a safety indicator in the form of a sensor that responds to deformation, for example a strain gage, the output of which is connected to a signal amplifier, such as a strain gauge, and the output of the strain gauge are connected to emergency alarm input device.

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