RU2471936C2 - Method of explosion proofing of production buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method of explosion proofing of production buildings consists in the fact that explosion-proofing elements are installed in barrier structures of the building, where highly explosive and flammable equipment functions, at the same time highly explosive and flammable equipment is installed on the building foundation, and explosion proofing elements are arranged in side and upper barriers of the production building.

EFFECT: higher reliability of personnel work in explosive rooms, prevention of explosive facilities against damage and reduced emission of hazardous substances into atmosphere in case of an emergency explosion.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to protective devices used in explosive and radioactive objects, such as easily erasable panels and roofs, explosion-proof fences and dampers, overpressure valves.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is the explosion protection method described in the anti-explosion panel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2334063, class. EB04B 1/92, BI No. 28 of 09.20. 2008 (prototype), consisting in the fact that they carry out the installation of explosion-proof elements in the building envelope, in which explosive and fire hazardous equipment operate.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the reliability of personnel in explosive rooms.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of explosion protection of industrial buildings, which consists in installing explosive and fire hazardous equipment in the building envelope, in which explosive and fire hazardous equipment operates, they install explosive and fire hazardous equipment on the building foundation, and in the side and upper fences of the production buildings carry explosion-proof elements, and for lateral barriers arrange explosion-proof elements in the form of safety collapsing structures fencing of buildings, and for upper fencing - in the form of explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic of the building with explosive objects inside it.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device for implementing the method of explosion protection of industrial buildings, figure 2 is a diagram of an explosion-proof cover plate (or roof) of an explosive object, figure 3 is a diagram of a collapsing safety structure of a building enclosure.

A device for implementing the method (Fig. 1) of explosion protection of industrial buildings consists of a foundation located on a soil layer on which explosive and fire hazardous equipment is installed. Explosion-proof elements are made in the fences (side and upper) of the industrial building in the form of: for side fences - in the form of safety collapsing structures for building fencing, and for upper fences - in the form of an explosion-proof plate on the roof or attic of the building with explosive objects.

The explosion-proof plate (Fig. 2) consists of an armored metal frame 1 with armored metal sheathing 2 and a filler - lead 3. In the coating of the object 7 at the aperture 8, four support rods 4 are mounted symmetrically with respect to the axis 9, telescopically inserted into the fixed support tubes 6, embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, the stop sheets 5 are welded to the ends of the support rods 4. In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, the lead being made in the form of crumbs, and the supporting rods 4 are made elastic. The filler may be made in the form of spherical crumbs of one diameter or in the form of spherical crumbs of different diameters. The filler can be made in the form of crumbs of arbitrary shape of different diametric (maximum external, arbitrary shape, contour of the crumb) size.

Safety collapsing fencing design (figure 3) of phononless buildings (organized collapsing structure - ORK), in which there are no window openings, consists of reinforced concrete panels measuring 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts. The nondestructive part is made in the form of bearing ribs (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour of the ORC. The collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located niches (recesses in the wall of the building), one of which, the outer one, is formed by planes 11, 12, 13, 14 with a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other, the inner one, represents two inclined surfaces 15 and 16 connected by a rib 17, with the formation of a groove, while the wall thickness from the rib 17 to the outer surface of the building enclosure should be at least δ = 20 mm. Due to these grooves in the wall of the building under the influence of shock, explosive load, this section of the wall can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are connected by fittings (not shown in the drawing) in such a way that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

The method of explosion of industrial buildings is as follows.

Explosive and fire hazardous equipment is installed on the foundation of the building. Explosion-proof elements are performed in fences (lateral and upper) of the industrial building. Explosion-proof elements are arranged for side fences in the form of collapsing safety structures for building fencing, and for upper fences - explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic of a building with explosive objects.

Explosion protection plate works as follows.

When an explosion occurs inside the production room (not shown in the drawing), the panel rises from the action of the shock wave and overpressure is released through the open opening 8. After the explosion and the drop in excess pressure, dropping down, the panel closes the opening 8 and harmful substances do not enter the atmosphere. Stop plates 5 are used to fix the limit position of the panel. In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler of the metal frame 1 is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, moreover, the lead is made in the form of a crumb, and the support rods 4 made elastic.

Safety collapsible construction of buildings works as follows.

For most gas-air mixtures (DHW), the maximum explosion pressure in a closed volume p _max at µ = 1 is 0.7 ÷ 1.0 MPa, i.e. 6 ÷ 9 times atmospheric pressure. Such pressure creates a load significantly exceeding the bearing capacity of structures (walls, floors) of industrial buildings. Obviously, such a lot of pressure should not be allowed. To do this, when developing a production project, openings are provided. Consider the main scenarios leading to the ignition of combustible systems (HS) for compressed gases - depressurization of equipment with the formation of gas-air mixtures; for LVH - emergency liquid spill with formation of vapor-air mixtures; for dusts, dust accumulation on the surfaces of structures and equipment with the formation of dusty air mixtures.

In practice, safety structures are widely used to divert energy during combustion. For this, it is necessary to have such a number of holes in the disturbed building envelopes that would allow the passage of the required amount of both burnt and cold gas. These holes are usually called discharge, and the structures that enclose them are called safety structures (PC). The safety structures are opened at a relatively small excess pressure and thereby provide the possibility of intensive outflow of gas (combustion products and unreacted parts of the gas supply system) through the formed openings from the room to the outside atmosphere. The outflow of gas into the atmosphere leads to a decrease in overpressure in the room. The degree of pressure reduction depends on the area of the PC, the patterns of their opening, the type of HS, the nature of the gas contamination of the room, its space-planning solution, and other factors. A very interesting application as a PC was glass, glazing. Glasses used as PCs can be installed both in the walls of the building (in the form of glazed window frames) and in the lanterns (lantern superstructures) mounted on the roof of the structure. In the latter case, not only vertical glazing can be used, but also inclined and horizontal glazing. The formation of openings in glazed window frames and lanterns (lamp superstructures) occurs as a result of the destruction of glasses under the influence of excess pressure arising in the room during explosive burning of gas. The patterns of opening the glazing largely depend on the size of the glass, their thickness, fixing conditions and the type of glazing (single, double or triple).

There are PC solutions in the form of lightweight drop-down wall panels. These panels are attached to the building frame in such a way that, at a relatively small excess pressure that occurs in the room during explosive combustion of the horizontal structure, the fasteners are destroyed and the panels are separated from the frame. As a result of the dumping of wall panels, a certain part of the external enclosure of the room is eliminated. In the coatings of the building, PCs can be arranged in the form of lightweight slabs that overlap the previously provided openings. The release of these openings is carried out as a result of lifting the plates under the action of the load arising from the explosive combustion of the horizontal well. Organizable collapsing structures (ORCs) are of considerable interest. Autopsy of ORC occurs as a result of the destruction of plates during explosive combustion. The destruction of the plates occurs in the placement of special grooves. The thickness of the concrete layer in the groove is δ = 20 mm. Under the load, the considered types of ORK are quickly destroyed, without forming debris, they retain heat well in heated buildings and are manufactured using the existing ORK technological equipment, they are reinforced concrete panels measuring 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts. The nondestructive part is made in the form of bearing ribs (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour. Plates have weakened areas due to rectilinear, triangular in the cross section of the grooves. Due to these grooves, under the influence of the load, the plate can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are joined by fittings so that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

Using the proposed technical solution allows the prevention of explosive objects from destruction and the reduction of harmful substances into the atmosphere during an accidental explosion.

Claims (1)

The method of explosion protection of industrial buildings, which consists in installing explosion-proof and fire-hazardous equipment in the building envelope, in which explosive and fire hazardous equipment operates, the explosive and fire-hazardous equipment are installed on the building foundation, and explosion-proof elements are installed in the side and upper barriers of the industrial building moreover, for side fences, explosion-proof elements are arranged in the form of safety collapsing fencing structures with Denmark, and for upper fences - in the form of explosion-proof plates on the roof or attic of a building with explosive objects inside it, characterized in that the explosion-proof elements are made in the form of an explosion-proof plate containing a metal armored frame with metal armor plating and a filler - lead, which has four fixed support pipes at the ends, and four support rods that are telescopically inserted into the fixed pipe support pipes of the panel, are rigidly sealed in the building cover Ohm, the filler is made in the form of an air-lead dispersed system, the lead being made in the form of crumbs, and the support rods are made elastic or the explosion-proof elements are made in the form of a safety collapsing guard structure containing reinforced concrete panels, each of which consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts, while the non-destructible part is made in the form of bearing ribs placed along the contour of the collapsing part, and the collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially arranged laid recesses in the wall of the building, one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other is the inner one, consists of two inclined surfaces connected by an edge to form a groove, while the wall thickness from the edge to the outer surface of the fence buildings should be at least δ = 20 mm, while under the influence of shock explosive load this section of the wall can be divided into separate parts.

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