RU2624062C1 - Kochetov's safety destructable structure for buildings fencing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: in a safety destructible fence construction containing reinforced concrete panels 6000×1800 mm in size, the panel consists of destructible and non-destructible parts. The non-destructible part is made in the form of carrying ribs placed along the contour of the destructible part, and the destructible part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located depressions in the building wall, one of which, external, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrilateral truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other, internal, represents two inclined surfaces connected by an edge, with formation of a groove. The wall thickness from the edge to the outer surface of the building fence must be no less than δ=20 mm. When exposed to an impact explosive load, this wall section can be divided into separate parts, and there is a protective screen against the collapsing part, from the outside of the building fence, the screen is made of high-strength material, for example, armour-piercing material, which is fixed to at least three rods located horizontally and perpendicular to the building fences, at the ends of which disks are fixed, and which pass through the holes in the protective screen. The disks located on the right side of the rods are immured in the building fence, and the discs on the left side of the rods rest against the elastic elements supporting the protective screen to the building fence. The protective screen is made in the form of a three-dimensional body with an internal cavity and surfaces that equidistant to the surfaces of the destructable part of the panel, made in the form of coaxially located niches in the building wall. Its internal cavity is filled with a disperse air-lead system, and lead is made in the form of a spherical crumb. To fix the limit position of the protective screen, an elastic damping element is attached to the ends of the supporting elastic rods with discs directed towards the protective screen. The elastic damping element is made in the form of a damping plate, to which a buffer device is attached, made in the form of a cone, the vertex of which is directed towards the protective screen.

EFFECT: increased reliability of destructible explosion-proof devices operation during an emergency explosion at the facility.

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Description

The invention relates to protective devices used in explosive and radioactive objects, such as easily erasable panels and roofs, explosion-proof fences and dampers, overpressure valves.

A device for explosion-proof panels is known (application DE No. 19638658, IPC Е04В 1/92 dated 04/16/1998), where the possibility of raising and lowering the panel to its original place in the explosion is carried out by the action of springs inserted into the support pipes.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is an explosion-proof panel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2334063, Cl. EB04 1/92, B.I. No. 28 dated 09/20/2008 (prototype), consisting of an armored metal frame with armored metal casing and a filler - lead. In the coating of the object near the opening, four support rods are embedded that are telescopically inserted into fixed support pipes embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, stop plates are welded to the ends of the support rods.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the reliability of the operation of collapsing explosion-proof devices during an emergency explosion at the facility.

This is achieved by the fact that in the safety collapsing design of the enclosure containing reinforced concrete panels of 6000 × 1800 mm in size, the panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts, while the non-collapsing part is made in the form of load-bearing ribs placed along the contour of the collapsing part, and the collapsing part is made in the form at least two coaxially located recesses in the wall of the building, one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other is internal, it consists of two inclined surfaces connected by a rib to form a groove, while the wall thickness from the rib to the outer surface of the building enclosure should be at least δ = 20 mm, while under the influence of shock explosive load this wall section can be divided on separate parts, and opposite the collapsing part, on the outside of the building’s enclosure, there is a protective shield made of high-strength material, such as armor-piercing material, which is fixed to at least three horizontally rods laid and perpendicular to the building barrier, at the ends of which the disks are fixed and which pass through the holes in the protective shield, the disks located on the right side of the rods are walled into the building barriers, and the elastic elements supporting the protective screen against the disks on the left side of the rods fencing of buildings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of a collapsing safety structure for a building enclosure; FIG. 2 is a diagram of an arrangement of a protective screen; FIG. 3 - the nature of the change in pressure Δp from time τ during the combustion of combustible mixtures indoors.

The safety collapsing construction of the fence (Fig. 1) of phononless buildings (organized collapsing construction - ORK), in which there are no window openings, consists of reinforced concrete panels 1 with a size of 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts. The nondestructive part is made in the form of bearing ribs 9 (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour of the ORC. The collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located niches (recesses in the wall of the building), one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes 2, 3, 4, 5 of the regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other is the inner one, is two inclined surfaces 6 and 7, connected by a rib 8, with the formation of a groove, while the wall thickness from the rib 8 to the outer surface of the building enclosure should be at least δ = 20 mm. Due to these grooves in the wall of the building under the influence of shock explosive load, this section of the wall can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are connected by fittings (not shown) in such a way that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

Opposite the collapsing part, on the outside of the building enclosure, there is a protective shield 10 (Fig. 2) of increased strength material, such as armor-piercing material, which is fixed to at least three rods 11 horizontally and perpendicular to the building enclosure, at the ends of which disks 12 are fixed and 13 and which pass through holes 14 made in the protective shield, the disks 13 located on the right side of the rods being walled up in the building fencing, and in the disks 12 located on the left side of the rods 11, abut elastic elements 15, supporting the protective screen 10 to the enclosure of buildings.

It is possible that the protective screen 10 (Fig. 2) is made in the form of a volumetric body with an internal cavity (not shown) and surfaces equidistant to the surfaces of the collapsing part of the panel 1, made in the form of coaxially located niches 6 in the wall of the building, while its internal cavity filled with a dispersed air-lead system, and lead is made in the form of spherical crumbs.

During the explosive movement of the protective shield 10 along the rods 11, he encounters elastic elements 15 on his way, when interacting with which, the explosive energy is effectively damped due to the increased damping ability of the dispersed air-lead system located in the inner cavity of the protective shield 10.

A variant is possible (Fig. 2) when, to fix the limit position of the protective shield 10, an elastic-damping element 16 is attached to the ends of the supporting elastic rods 11 with disks 12 (Fig. 2) located between the elastic elements 15 and the protective screen 10.

The elastic damping element 16 is directed towards the protective screen 10, i.e. towards the movement of the protective shield 10 during the explosion.

The elastic-damping element 16 is made in the form of a volumetric body with an internal cavity and surfaces equidistant to the surfaces of the protective screen 10, while its internal cavity is filled with a dispersed air-lead system, and lead is made in the form of crumbs of a spherical shape.

A variant is possible when the elastic damping element 16 is made in the form of a damping plate to which a buffer device 17 is made, made in the form of a cone, the apex of which is directed towards the protective screen 10.

Safety collapsible construction of buildings works as follows.

For most gas-air mixtures (DHW), the maximum explosion pressure in a closed volume p _max at μ = 1 is 0.7 ÷ 1.0 MPa, i.e. 6 ÷ 9 times higher than atmospheric pressure (Fig. 3). Such pressure creates a load significantly exceeding the bearing capacity of structures (walls, floors) of industrial buildings. Obviously, such a lot of pressure should not be allowed. To do this, when developing a production project, openings are provided. In FIG. Figure 3 shows the nature of the change in pressure Δр versus time τ during combustion of combustible mixtures indoors: Δр _вск - - pressure that causes the opening of safety structures (PC); Δp _add - allowable pressure in the room (Δp _add = 5 kPa); 18 - dynamics of pressure changes for rooms with openings; 17 - dynamics of pressure changes for rooms with a PC.

Consider the main scenarios leading to the ignition of combustible systems (HS) for compressed gases - depressurization of equipment with the formation of gas-air mixtures; for LVH - emergency liquid spill with formation of vapor-air mixtures; for dusts - dust accumulation on the surfaces of structures and equipment with the formation of dusty air mixtures.

In practice, safety structures are widely used to divert energy during combustion. For this, it is necessary to have such a number of holes in the disturbed building envelopes that would allow the passage of the required amount of both burnt and cold gas. These holes are usually called discharge, and the structures that enclose them are called safety structures (PC). The safety structures are opened at a relatively small excess pressure and thereby provide the possibility of intensive outflow of gas (combustion products and unreacted parts of the gas supply system) through the formed openings from the room to the outside atmosphere. The outflow of gas into the atmosphere leads to a decrease in overpressure in the room. The degree of pressure reduction depends on the area of the PC, the patterns of their opening, the type of HS, the nature of the gas contamination of the room, its space-planning solution, and other factors. A very interesting application as a PC was glass, glazing. Glasses used as PCs can be installed both in the walls of the building (in the form of glazed window frames) and in the lanterns (lantern superstructures) mounted on the roof of the structure. In the latter case, not only vertical glazing can be used, but also inclined and horizontal glazing. The formation of openings in glazed window frames and lanterns (lamp superstructures) occurs as a result of the destruction of glasses under the influence of excess pressure arising in the room during explosive burning of gas. The patterns of opening the glazing largely depend on the size of the glass, their thickness, fixing conditions and the type of glazing (single, double or triple).

In the coatings of the building, PCs can be arranged in the form of lightweight slabs that overlap the previously provided openings. The release of these openings is carried out as a result of lifting the plates under the action of the load arising from the explosive combustion of the horizontal well. Organizable collapsing structures (ORCs) are of considerable interest. Autopsy of ORCs occurs as a result of the destruction of plates during explosive combustion. The destruction of the plates occurs in the placement of special grooves. The thickness of the concrete layer in the groove is δ = 20 mm. Under the influence of loads, the considered types of ORC are rapidly destroyed without forming debris, they retain heat well in heated buildings and are manufactured using existing technological equipment. ORK are reinforced concrete panels measuring 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts. The nondestructive part is made in the form of bearing ribs (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour. Plates have weakened areas due to rectilinear grooves in the cross section. Due to these grooves, under the influence of the load, the plate can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are joined by fittings so that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

A formula is obtained for determining the required area of such openings:

where Vo is the free volume of the room, m ³ ;

α is the coefficient of intensification of combustion;

w _n - normal flame propagation velocity in a mixture of stoichiometric composition, m / s;

ρ is the density of gases flowing from the openings, kg / m ³ ;

ε is the degree of thermal expansion of the combustion products;

Δр _add - allowable room pressure (5 kPa).

Using the proposed technical solution allows the prevention of explosive objects from destruction and the reduction of harmful substances into the atmosphere during an accidental explosion.

Claims (9)

A collapsible safety structure for enclosing buildings containing reinforced concrete panels of 6000 × 1800 mm in size, the panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts, while the non-collapsing part is made in the form of load-bearing ribs placed along the contour of the collapsing part, and the collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located recesses in the wall of the building, one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other inside it consists of two inclined surfaces connected by an edge to form a groove, while the wall thickness from the edge to the outer surface of the building fence must be at least δ = 20 mm, while under the influence of shock explosive load this wall section can be divided into separate parts, and the area of the collapsing part of the openings is calculated by the formula:

where Vo is the free volume of the room, m ³ ; α is the coefficient of intensification of combustion; w _n - normal flame propagation velocity in a mixture of stoichiometric composition, m / s; ρ is the density of gases flowing from the openings, kg / m ³ ; ε is the degree of thermal expansion of the combustion products; Δp _add - allowable room pressure (5 kPa), and on the contrary to the collapsing part, on the outside of the building’s enclosure, there is a protective shield made of high-strength material, such as armor-piercing material, which is fixed to at least three rods horizontally located and perpendicular to the building’s enclosure, at the ends of which the disks are fixed and which pass through the holes in the protective screen, and the disks located on the right side of the rods are walled up in the fencing of the building, and the elastic elements supporting the protective abut against the disks on the left side of the rods the screen to the building enclosure, characterized in that the protective screen is made in the form of a three-dimensional body with an internal cavity and surfaces equidistant to the surfaces of the collapsing part of the panel, made in the form of coaxially located niches in the wall of the building, while its internal cavity is filled with a dispersed air-lead system and lead is made in the form of crumbs of a spherical shape, moreover, to fix the limit position of the protective shield, an elastic-damping element is attached to the ends of the supporting elastic rods with disks, directed first in the direction of the shield, the elastic-damping element is a damper plate to which is attached a buffering device configured as a cone whose vertex is directed toward the shield.

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