RU2621571C1 - Method of obtaining potato mini-tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for obtaining potato mini-tubers includes cultivation of plant material in vitro by means of grafting to single-eyed microcuttings in sterile conditions on an artificial nutrient medium, step-by-step grafting in process of plant growing, shortening the root system and treatment of the cut area with growth material. At the same time, during the whole cultivation period, grafting is carried out in flasks with the volume of at least 250 ml on a nutrient medium additionally containing chlorocholine chloride in the concentration of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/l. Wherein on the nutrient medium surface 10-12 single-eyed microcuttings per flask are sterilely planted, which after having grown to a height of 5-7 cm are planted on a substrate, which is represented as peat tablets.

EFFECT: method allows to reduce the complexity of obtaining microtubers, to improve the survival of the material when planting in the ground and the reproducibility of the results in the mass production of minitubers.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production and can be used in the system of primary seed production of potatoes when propagating virus-free planting material.

A known method of cultivating plant material in vitro, which consists in initiating a sterile culture on an artificial nutrient medium Murashige-Skoog, containing kinetin as a growth regulator in a concentration of 0.02 mg / l, followed by cutting with a scalpel growing for 1-1.5 months. stems with 5-8 leaves on one-eyed microstalks, planting the latter on a nutrient medium of the same composition for the next growth cycle with the possibility of repeating this procedure several times until the required amount of material has accumulated, after which the division of the material is stopped, giving it a good root. Further, rooted plants are transferred to a protected ground, where they are removed from test tubes and planted on a prepared peat-humus substrate for a period of 2-3 months to form minicubers [Technological regulations for the production of original, elite and reproduction seed potatoes / Sost.E.A. Simakov, B.V. Anisimov, SM. Yurlova, A.I. Uskov, E.V. Oves, V.N. Zeyruk, B.C. Chugunov, A.V. Mityushkin, O.S. Khutinaev, Moscow. - 2010. - S. 11, S. 22].

The disadvantages of this method are the high complexity, low survival rate of the material when planting plants in the ground, poor reproducibility of the results in mass production.

There is also known a method of growing potato minicubers based on microcubes formed in vitro, namely, that a sterile culture is initiated similarly and propagated similarly to the method described above, but at the final stage the plants are not planted in a protected soil, but placed in a climate chamber with a temperature within ± 15-18 ° С and illumination of 3-5 thousand lux for the formation of micro-tubers for a period of 1.5-2 months. After this, the micro-tubers are given 2-3 months of rest at a temperature of + 3- + 7 ° C and planted in a protected ground, where after another 2-3 months of vegetation, depending on the variety, minicubers are obtained [Anisimov B.V., Smolegovets D. V., Shatilova O.N. Recommendations on in vitro micro-tubers growing technology and their use in the process of original seed production (recommendations) / Russian Agricultural Academy, VNIIKH. M. 2009. -21 s].

The disadvantages of this method are the poor predictability of the result, the need for pre-sowing preparation of micro-tubers under controlled conditions, poor reproducibility of the results in mass production.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is a method of propagating potatoes in vitro, which includes the following stages: initiating a sterile culture on an artificial nutrient medium Murashige-Skoog, containing kinetin as a growth regulator in a concentration of 0.02 mg / l, followed by cutting with a scalpel growing into within 1-1.5 months of stems with 5-8 leaves on one-eyed microstalks, planting the latter on a nutrient medium of the same composition for the next growth cycle with the possibility of repeated repetition of this cedures to accumulate the required amount of material, the stem cuttings used to increase the multiplication factor in non-sterile conditions, using as already adapted fallopian tube plants. Test tubes plants aged 18-20 days are planted in containers on a peat substrate, removing them from the test tube with tweezers immediately before planting, while the root system is cut off, the cut site is treated with a growth substance consisting of talc, heteroauxin, vitamin B ₁ . Containers with planted plants are mounted on racks and covered with plastic wrap for better rooting. In the early days, the plants are aired by shaking the film, 5 days after planting, the film is removed. As the plants grow from them, cuttings are harvested from them and root them in a peat substrate similarly to primary microplants. After the last cuttings on a peat substrate, the plants are treated with a growth regulator with chlorocholine chloride in the phase of 3-4 leaflets with a concentration of 0.1% to obtain a well-developed root system, a stunted stem with shortened internodes and a powerful leaf apparatus by the time of planting in the soil [N. Lapshinov N. BUT. The technology of healing and accelerated propagation of potatoes (methodological manual) / N.A. Lapshinov, V.I. Kulikova, T.V. Ryabtseva et al .; Federal State Budgetary Institution "Kemerovo Research Institute of Agriculture". - Kemerovo, 2014. - 44 p.].

The disadvantages of this method are the high complexity associated with a large number of technological operations, poor predictability of the result, low survival rate of the material when planting plants in the ground.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the complexity of obtaining micro-tubers, increase the survival rate of the material when planting in the soil and reproducibility of the results when mass-producing minitubers, the possibility of mechanization of planting plants in the greenhouse.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method for producing potato minicubers involves cultivating plant material in vitro by grafting onto one-eyed microgrids in sterile conditions on an artificial nutrient medium containing a growth regulator, phased grafting as plants grow, shortening the root system and treating the cut site with growth material, subsequent planting of plants on a substrate, their growing and planting in the soil, while during the entire cultivation period, Counting is carried out in flasks with a volume of at least 250 ml on a nutrient medium additionally containing chlorocholinchloride in a concentration, depending on the variety, of potato from 0.1 to 1.0 mg / l, while 10-12 one-eyed sterile plants are planted on the surface of the nutrient medium microcranes in a flask, which, when growing to a height of 5-7 cm, are planted on a substrate, peat tablets are used, after which rooted and mature plants are transferred to the greenhouse.

The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype in that the entire process of propagation by single-node microcranes is carried out in a flask with a volume of 250 and a height of 13 cm on a nutrient medium, which additionally includes the plant growth regulator chlorcholine chloride, which ensures the formation of powerful and highly viable plants 5-7 cm tall before each transplant. with a stem 1.5-2 mm thick and short internodes. The resulting plants, after the technologically last passage, are not cut into micro stalks, but are planted on non-sterile peat pellets in the laboratory for rooting and adaptation and, subsequently, after 2 weeks they are transported to the place of constant planting and grown to minicubers without qualitative and quantitative losses of plant material. The addition of chlorocholinchloride to the nutrient medium in the indicated concentration range makes it possible to predict for 1.5-2 months the growth and development of various micro-plants in cultivation vessels with the above parameters.

The proposed method is as follows.

To obtain microplants, use flasks with a volume of at least 250 ml and a height of 10-13 cm. This flask size is optimal, because the bottom area allows you to quite comfortably plant 10-12 microcrops, and the neck with a diameter of 34 mm to extract plants without injury, which is essential for subsequent planting on peat tablets. The internal volume of the test tube does not allow growing more than 1 microgrown, and removing it from the test tube is often accompanied by injury to the latter. Add 100 ml of culture medium to the flasks, additionally containing chlorocholine chloride in a concentration depending on the type of potato from 0.1 to 1.0 mg / l, which ensures the receipt of fundamentally new qualities and properties from microcranes (Appendixes 1 and 2). Under sterile conditions, 10-12 one-eyed microgranules are planted on the surface of the nutrient medium, which after 4-6 weeks form microplants 5-7 cm tall with a stem 1.5-2 mm thick and short internodes, from which one-eyed microgranules are again obtained. Reproduction is carried out similarly under sterile conditions until the required number of microplants is reached. After the last cuttings and the plants reach the mentioned parameters, the microplants are removed from the flasks, the root system is shortened and immersed in an auxin-containing paste based on powdered chalk, and planted on pre-moistened peat pellets, which are then placed in high humidity conditions. After another 2-3 weeks, peat pellets with well-rooted and mature plants are moved to the greenhouse to a permanent place where the plants vegetate for 2-3 months and produce minitubers. According to the proposed method for 2-3 hours you can plant 6,000 test plants. While using the well-known method of planting minitubers, 600 pieces are planted per day.

Appendix No. 1

Appendix No. 2

Claims (1)

A method for producing potato minicubers, including cultivating plant material in vitro by grafting onto one-eyed micrograins in sterile conditions on an artificial nutrient medium containing a growth regulator, gradual grafting as plants grow, shortening the root system and treating the cut site with growth material, then planting the plants on a substrate , their growing and planting in the soil, characterized in that during the entire period of cultivation, cuttings are carried out in flasks about with a volume of at least 250 ml on a nutrient medium additionally containing chlorocholine chloride in a concentration depending on the type of potato from 0.1 to 1.0 mg / l, while 10-12 one-eyed microcranes are sterilely planted on the surface of the nutrient medium in a flask, which, when growing to a height of 5-7 cm is planted on a substrate, which is used as peat tablets, after which rooted and mature plants are transferred to the greenhouse.