RU2617500C1 - Device for primary processing of claying material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: pretreatment of clay material carrier device comprises a frame in which the possibility of a parallel counter-rotating shafts fitted with many-sided disks on each shaft offset relative to each other to form peaks of the helical lines. Above the shaft with a gap relative set screw drives, the speed of which is less than the rotational speed of any of the shafts with discs. The apparatus also comprises a disk cleaning means including plurality of scrapers mounted on axles mounted in the supporting frame parallel to the respective shaft with the possibility of counter-rotation therewith, wherein the scrapers are spaced along each axis of the helix.

EFFECT: increased efficiency operation of the device by increasing the intensity of grinding the clay material while ensuring its qualitative removal of foreign bodies without destroying the latter.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the production of building materials, and in particular to devices designed for loosening and coarse grinding of clay with the simultaneous selection of stones and impenetrable inclusions.

State of the art

A device is known that contains parallel shafts with polyhedral disks, a screw shaft with blades placed above them and a disk cleaning device in the form of a comb on the inner wall of the casing (see patent RU 2297286, IPC: B07B 1/16, publ. 20.04.2007). Shafts with disks form a screening surface through which a small fraction of the material passes, and stones and large fractions are transported by disks to the outlet chute.

A significant drawback of the aforementioned analogue is that the shafts with disks rotating at the same speed and in the same direction have practically no grinding effect on the material. The auger, consisting of two counter-rotating parts, serves only to narrow the flow of material

In the case of using this device for processing clay materials, the lack of grinding effect leads to the fact that at a certain moisture content of the raw material, the effect of "rolling" of large pieces of clay is observed during their movement from shaft to shaft. The resulting "pellet" is discharged together with the other stones into waste, but in reality it is not an impenetrable inclusion and can be destroyed with an appropriate effect.

Moreover, when working with clay raw materials, especially in the case of high humidity, the device is subject to rapid “overgrowing” of the screening surface due to poorly organized disk cleaning.

Known grinding devices containing a pair of parallel counter-rotating shafts with gear discs mounted on shafts with angular displacement relative to each other along a helical line (see patent SU 1366203, IPC: B02C 4/08, publ. 15.01.88; patent RU 2342194, IPC: B02C 4/18, published on December 27, 2008).

The disadvantage of such devices is the impossibility of high-quality cleaning of material from foreign inclusions, in particular quarry clay. Clay-clogging inclusions are subjected to a strong destructive effect from the side of powerful teeth of the discs and are almost completely destroyed, clogging the finished product.

Another disadvantage of the above shredders is the high energy consumption for overcoming friction between the disks and the cleaning combs fixed on the inner surface of the housing. The teeth of the combs located in the spaces between the disks interact with the disks continuously and simultaneously, forming a kind of “brake” for the disk shafts.

As the closest, by the presence of similar structural features, analogue to the claimed technical solution, the design disclosed in the materials of the patent for invention RU 2317864, IPC: B07B 1/16, publ. 02/27/2008

The signs of the closest analogue, similar to the essential features of the proposed technical solution, are as follows: the presence of a supporting frame in which shafts with multi-faceted disks are mounted in parallel with rotation, the presence of a screw mounted above the shafts with a clearance relative to the disks, and the presence of a disk cleaner including a set of scrapers (teeth) made with the possibility of entering into the interdisk space and the ability to clean the surface of two adjacent disks at once.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue, like other known screens, is the insufficiently high quality of cleaning the removed stones from the material adhering to them, due to the lack of grinding effect from the side of the rotating disk shafts. Installation along the shafts with auger disks contributes to a certain increase in the rate of loosening of the material, however, it does not completely solve the aforementioned problem, which leads to the removal of part of the material into waste together with the stones.

Another drawback of the closest analogue is the increased energy consumption for overcoming friction between the disks and rigidly mounted scrapers located in the spaces between the disks.

Disclosure of invention

The claimed technical solution is aimed at improving the efficiency of the device.

Achievable technical result consists in increasing the intensity of grinding clay material while ensuring its high-quality cleaning of foreign inclusions without destroying the latter, which improves the quality and yield of the finished product, eliminates the removal of material together with stones.

The above results are achieved due to the fact that in the proposed device for the primary processing of clay raw materials containing a supporting frame, shafts with polyhedral disks installed in parallel therein, rotatable with shafts mounted above the shafts with a clearance relative to the disks, and a disk cleaner including scrapers, according to the claimed of the invention, the shafts are mounted with the possibility of counter rotation, the disks on each shaft are mounted with an angular displacement relative to each other and their vertices forming a screw output lines with a directivity opposite to the helical lines of the adjacent shaft, while the auger is made with an independent rotation drive, allowing the screw to rotate at a speed less than the shaft rotation speed.

In contrast to the closest analogue, in the proposed device, the disks are mounted on each shaft with a sequential angular displacement relative to each other, ensuring the formation of their vertices - the angles of polyhedral disks - helical lines, and the faces of the disks - discrete screw surfaces directed clockwise on one shaft, and on the other, against her.

Due to this arrangement of disks and the possibility of counter-directional rotation, the shafts work as two counter-rotating augers, providing capture of the material and its direction into the space between the shafts, where, under the action of the angles of the counter-rotating disks, the material is intensively destroyed and crushed.

Unlike the known crushers, characterized by a similar arrangement of disks on the shafts and counter directional rotation of the latter (for example, see patent RU 2342194, publ. 12/27/2008), in the proposed device, the disks do not have pronounced teeth, due to which the material moderate impact, which ensures the grinding of clay material, but eliminates the crushing of clogging solid inclusions.

Large clods of clay that are not captured by the disks and non-crushed inclusions, the size of which exceeds the interdisc distance, are transported along the shafts to the discharge end, also due to discrete screw surfaces formed by the disks, and at the same time they fall under the action of a screw located above the shafts.

Unlike the closest analogue, in the proposed device, the screw rotates in the same direction (along the way) the material flow moving along the shafts and at a lower speed compared to the speed of rotation of the shafts with disks.

Due to the difference in the rotational speeds of the screw and the shafts with the disks, the grinding effect of the material falling into the gap between the auger blade and the disks is obtained, as a result of which large agglomerates of clay raw materials are destroyed, and non-crushed foreign inclusions are additionally cleaned of adhering material.

At the same time, a screw rotating slower than the shafts with disks provides a delay of the transported raw materials in the working area, as a result of which the exposure time of the disks to the material increases, which contributes to additional grinding of the material and better cleaning of crushed inclusions from the raw materials adhering to them.

Thus, all the essential features of the proposed technical solution work together, providing an increase in the intensity of grinding the clay material and its high-quality cleaning from foreign inclusions without destroying the latter, which almost completely eliminates the removal of raw materials to waste together with stones.

The auger can be located along the entire length of the shafts, however, it is more appropriate when the auger is installed on the discharge end of the shafts and placed only over part of their length. A few turns of the screw located above the output part of the shafts are enough to temporarily delay the material in the working area and obtain the aforementioned technical result, while the design is significantly facilitated and the metal consumption of the device is reduced, and energy resources are saved. The screw in this case can be fixed console.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the scrapers are fixed on the axes mounted in the carrier frame parallel to the corresponding shaft and with the possibility of counter rotation with it, while the scrapers are spaced along each axis along a helical line.

In the process of its free rotation, the scrapers exert impact-destructive effect on the material passing through the gaps between the disks and shafts, acting as a beater. In the process of cleaning discs on the material removed from their surface, the grinding effect from the side of the scrapers is exerted.

Due to the fact that the scrapers are spaced along each axis along the helix, during rotation they interact with the disks not all at once, but in turn, which can significantly reduce the reactive friction forces that arise during the cleaning process, thereby reducing the power consumption of the device.

The preferred design of the disk cleaner provides an additional increase in the intensity of grinding and a more rational consumption of energy resources, which also helps to increase the efficiency of the device.

In order to improve the quality of cleaning and further reduce the friction forces, each axis can be made with a rotation drive from the shaft with disks through a reduction gear.

The scrapers on the axis can be fixed by means of radial holders, for example, made in the form of plates or rods.

Each shaft with disks is preferably made with an individual rotation drive, which makes it possible to rotate the shafts towards each other at different speeds. In a specific embodiment, the shaft speeds are 150 and 130 revolutions per minute (rpm).

A small, about 20-30 rpm, difference in the speeds of rotation of the shafts leads to the effect of grinding the material between counter-rotating disks, which can further increase the grinding intensity, improve the quality of material processing and eliminate jamming (biting) of pieces of material between the shafts.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The feasibility of the industrial feasibility of the proposed technical solution is confirmed by the following example and drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - the proposed device, General view, a longitudinal section;

in FIG. 2 - shows the shafts in the assembly with disks;

in FIG. 3 is a view A of FIG. 1, plan view, rotated;

in FIG. 4 is a section B-B of FIG. one.

The implementation of the invention

A device for primary processing of clay raw materials (see Fig. 1) contains a supporting frame 1, in which, by means of bearing bearings 2, shafts 3 are installed in parallel with polyhedral disks 4, axis 5 with scrapers 6 and a screw 7.

The multi-faceted shape of the disk 4 can be obtained from a round billet, for example, by segment cuts along the edges, as a result of which faces are formed on the side surface of the disk. The number of faces may be any, preferably 6-8.

The disks 4 are spaced on each shaft relative to each other by a predetermined distance, due to the size of the crushed inclusions to be removed, and are installed with a sequential angular displacement, ensuring that their vertices form 8 helical lines directed clockwise on one shaft and against it on the other (see Fig. 2).

The shafts 3 are mounted relative to each other so that the disks 4 of each of the shafts are partially placed in the inter-disk spaces of the other shaft, which provides a partial overlap of the working areas of the disks.

Each shaft 3 is made with an individual drive of rotation from the corresponding electric motor 9 through a V-belt drive 10 (see Fig. 3).

The screw 7 is fixed cantilever in the frame 1, from the discharge end of the shafts 3 and is made with a rotation drive from an independent gear motor 11 through a V-belt drive 12.

The axis 5 is made with a rotation drive from the corresponding shaft 3 through a chain reduction gear with a gear ratio of 1: 3-1: 5.

The scrapers 6 are fixed on the axis 5 by means of radial holders 13.

The holder 13 can be made in the form of a plate, at one end of which a hole is made for the axis, and at the other end a scraper 6 is rigidly fixed (see Fig. 4).

To prevent the rotation of the axis 5 (like the shafts 3) can be made with a cross section in the form of a polyhedron, in the given example - a hexagon. On the axis 5 put plate-holders 13 having an opening of the reciprocal shape, and each subsequent platinum is rotated relative to the previous one, which ensures the separation of the scrapers 6 along axis 5 along a helical line.

In another example embodiment of the device, the holder 13 can be made in the form of a rod, the installation and fastening of which on the axis 5 can be performed by any method known from the prior art.

The fastening of the scraper 6 on the holder 13 can be made rigid, for example, by welding or detachable. In the latter case, it is possible to replace the scraper 6 in case of damage, which simplifies and cheapens repair work.

The device operates as follows.

Through the feed opening 14, clay raw materials are supplied to the shafts 3 rotating towards each other.

Discrete helical surfaces formed by the faces and vertices of the disks 4 ensure the capture of the material and direct it into the space between the shafts 3, where under the influence of the angles of the counter-rotating disks 4, the material is destroyed and crushed. Small fractions of raw materials fall through the gaps between the shafts 3 and the disks 4 down, where they fall into the receiver hopper (not shown in the drawings).

Due to the fact that the disks 4 do not have pronounced teeth, grinding only clay material is ensured and the crushing of clogging foreign solid inclusions is excluded.

An individual rotation drive allows you to set your own rotation speed for each shaft 3: in a specific example, 150 and 130 rpm.

Due to the fact that the shafts 3 with the disks 4 rotate towards each other at different speeds, the piece of material that fell between the disks from different sides has an uneven effect, which leads to the occurrence of the grinding effect of the material and eliminates its jamming between the disks.

Large clods of clay and non-crushable inclusions, the size of which exceeds the interdisc distance, which are not captured by the disks, are transported along the shafts 3 to the discharge end, where they fall under the action of a screw blade.

As a result of the combined action of the screw blades 7 and disks 4, large clods of clay falling into the gap between them are destroyed into smaller fractions that can be captured by disks 4, and non-crushed foreign inclusions are additionally cleaned of material adhering to them.

The screw 7 rotates along the material transported towards the discharge side, but at a lower speed than the grinding shafts 3, as a result of which it forms a kind of shutter and helps to delay the material in the processing zone. A longer grinding effect of the disks 4 contributes to the fact that all clay material has time to loosen and grind.

In this case, the "shutter" is not blind, because the screw 7 rotates along the material flow, which ensures a guaranteed output of impenetrable inclusions.

A small fraction of the material passing through the gaps between the disks 4 and the shafts 3 falls under the grinding effect of the scrapers 6 located below, rotating on the axes 5, which contributes to additional grinding of the material.

Due to the fact that the scrapers 6 are installed on the axes 5 with an angular displacement along the helix (fan), they alternately come into contact with the cleaned discs 4, which helps to reduce friction and reduce the loads on the shaft drives.

Each scraper simultaneously cleans the surfaces of two adjacent discs and the interdisk gap of adhering material.

The axis 5 with the scrapers 6 rotate towards the corresponding shaft 3, the discs 4 of which they clean. The drive rotation axis 5 can be made from any of the shafts. In a specific embodiment, the axles 5 are driven from an opposing shaft 3 by means of a chain gear 15, the gear ratio of which determines the difference in rotational speeds of the working and cleaning shafts.

Due to the fact that the axis 5 rotates 3-5 times slower than the shaft 3, the contact of the scraper 6 with the disk 4 is carried out for 3-5 revolutions of the disk 4, which contributes to its high-quality cleaning.

In addition, the difference in the rotational speeds of the scraper 6 and the disc 4, allows to reduce the grip area of the scraper 6 (its dimensions), and due to this, further reduce the reactive friction forces that arise during the cleaning process. In this case, the scraper 6 cleans the disk 4 for several revolutions of the latter, moving in a spiral. The quality of disk cleaning is maintained at the same time, and additional energy savings are provided.

Claims (6)

1. A device for the primary processing of clay raw materials, comprising a supporting frame, shafts with polyhedral disks mounted parallel to it in rotation, mounted on top of the shafts with a clearance relative to the disks, a screw and a disk cleaning tool including scrapers, characterized in that the shafts are installed with the possibility of oncoming rotations, discs on each shaft are mounted with angular displacement relative to each other and their vertices forming helical lines with a directivity opposite to the helical lines of the adjacent shaft, with this screw is made with an independent drive of rotation, providing the possibility of rotation of the screw at a speed less than the speed of rotation of the shafts. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the screw is installed on the discharge end of the shafts and placed only over part of their length. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the scrapers are mounted on axes mounted in the bearing frame parallel to the corresponding shaft and with the possibility of counter rotation with it, while the scrapers are spaced along each axis along a helix. 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that each axis is made with a rotation drive from one of the shafts with disks through a reduction gear. 5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the scrapers are fixed on the axis by means of radial holders. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shafts are made with individual rotation drives.

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