RU2616839C2 - Universal funnel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: universal funnel comprises the part tapering to the outlet pipe and the housing part adjacent thereto from above, made integrally. Wherein the inner space of the housing part is adapted to accommodate the coil, the clutch and the valve of the apparatus for sowing seeds, as well as the coil and the valve of the apparatus for fertilizers. The top edge of the housing part is made with the input hatch for seeds and the inlet hatch for fertilizers. Wherein one of the side walls of the universal funnel in the area of its housing part is equipped with an opening for placing the coil of the apparatus for sowing seeds, and the side wall opposite thereto is equipped with an opening for passing the clutch of the apparatus for sowing seeds through it. The side walls in the housing part are made with the openings for valves axles of the apparatus for sowing seeds and the apparatus for fertilizers. Wherein the inspection window with a sliding shutter is provided in the part tapered to the pipe, and two bounding partitions are provided in the housing part.

EFFECT: structure has enhanced functionalities, has the ability of quick replacement of defective parts of sowing apparatuses and quick cleaning of the receiving bottom part from stuck fertilizers.

10 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to agricultural sowing machines, and may find application in grain fertilizer sowing systems of seeders.

State of the art

A seeder type agricultural machine includes a plurality of sowing machines dispersed in the transverse direction of the machine.

The fundamental device in the seeder, which provides a metered supply of seeds, is the sowing apparatus. The sowing devices differ according to the principle of action on mechanical and pneumatic. Mechanical sowing devices, in turn, are divided into bobbin and disk. In reel units, seed metering is performed in a continuous stream, and in disk units with a single selection of seeds.

Coil devices are divided into grooved, pin and grooved. On the latest models of seed drills with spool metering devices, grooved coils with both constant and variable geometrical parameters of the grooves are used.

Known sowing system from the book of A.N. Karpenko and V.M. Hadansky "Agricultural Machines" (M .: IN "Agropromizdat", 1989, p. 129). It consists of a hopper with two compartments: for seeds and fertilizers, reel-grooved seed drills, rigidly mounted at the bottom of the hopper, and reel-font fertilizer, rigidly mounted on the side of the hopper, a mechanism for regulating the seed rate, made in the form of a lever pivotally connected to a shaft of sowing devices and an intermediate support.

Known seeder containing seed boxes with spring-loaded valves and sockets with slots, in which on the drive shaft mounted sowing devices in the form of coils with ribs and couplings (SU No. 1746920 A1, 07/15/1992).

Known coil metering device according to the patent for invention RU No. 2343676, АСС 7/12 dated 01/20/2009, in which the grooves of the coil are alternately converging and diverging to the width of the groove in the left and right parts of the coil.

Known metering device according to patent for invention RU No. 2384040, АСС 7/12 dated 03/20/2010, the grooves (ribs) of the coil of which are made along a helical line at an angle of 18-22 ° to the axial line of the coil.

Despite some differences in the design of certain types of coil metering devices work according to a single concept and their main details are standardized.

The seed sowing system receives seeds in bulk form from the seed hopper, which is mounted on the frame of the seeder or seed section.

The sowing device, as a rule, is equipped with a receiving device made in the form of a funnel receiving seeds and connected by a flexible seed tube to the opener.

It is known from patent RU 2340147 (published on December 10, 2008 bull. No. 34) sowing system 2 design Burkova L.N. The sowing system consists of a hopper with two compartments for seeds and for fertilizer, seed and fertilizer machines, and a mechanism for regulating the seed rate. Seed sowing devices are rigidly mounted at the bottom of the hopper and made in the form of coils with grooves. Fertilizer machines are made in the form of coils, the grooves of which are located along helical lines to the axis of the coil and are rigidly attached to the bottom of the hopper in a common housing with seed machines under the corresponding section of the hopper.

The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity.

Known as the most common in the country and accepted for the basic seeder SKP-2.1 and its modifications (SKP 01.29.000-01B http://seyalka.pro/main.php?id=58). The SKP-2.1 seeder sowing system contains a grain sowing device, the housing of which is attached to the bottom of the hopper (otherwise called a grain box), a fertilizer metering device, the housing of which is attached to the side wall of the hopper, and a receiving funnel with a seed tube fixed to the bodies of the sowing devices. The bottom walls of the receiving funnel have the shape of rectangles and are made varying in length.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the maintenance of the sowing system.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to create a device with a simple design and reliable in operation and maintenance with enhanced functionality, which is fully unified in terms of operational, structural and mass-dimensional parameters with existing standard designs of metering apparatus housings and receiving funnels, with This is highly reliable.

The technical result consists in improving operational characteristics, reducing the cost of maintenance and repair due to the simplification of the device.

Another technical result is to reduce the cost of manufacture due to the manufacture of a device of a simple form, which makes the technology of its industrial production economically viable, requiring no additional operations, tooling and equipment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved by creating a universal funnel, which contains made in one piece tapering to the exhaust pipe part and adjacent to it from above the body part; moreover, the inner space of the housing is adapted to accommodate the coil, clutch and valve of the seed metering apparatus, as well as the coil and valve of the fertilizer apparatus; despite the fact that the upper edge of the hull is made with an entrance hatch for seeds and an entrance hatch for fertilizers; moreover, one of the side walls of the universal funnel in the area of its body part is provided with an opening for accommodating the coil of the seed meter, and the opposite side wall is equipped with an opening for passing through the couplings of the seed meter, and the side walls in the region of the body are made with holes for valve axes of the seed meter and fertilizer meter; moreover, in the section tapering to the nozzle, a viewing window with a sliding shutter is provided, and in the body part there are two restrictive partitions.

Preferably, the coil of the seed meter is a grooved coil, with a pin coil selected as the fertilizer coil.

It is desirable that the side wall in the area of the hole for accommodating the metering unit coil be equipped with a socket attached to the side wall through the restrictive half ring and the outer flange by means of fasteners.

It is advisable that the upper edge of the hull part was made with the possibility of tight contact when installing a universal funnel with that part of the outer surface of the lower part of the hopper in which the exit window for seeds and the exit window for fertilizers are made.

It is desirable that the upper edge of the hull is made with the possibility of detachable communication with the hopper of the seeder.

In addition, the edges of the access hatches are flanged, at least part of the flanges provided with holes for fasteners.

It is desirable that the material from which the universal funnel is made is sheet steel.

It is possible that the nozzle is oriented essentially vertically or the nozzle can be oriented forward in the direction of the drill or the nozzle may be oriented opposite to the direction of the drill.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which:

in FIG. 1 shows a general view from one side of a universal funnel in accordance with the invention;

in FIG. 2 shows the universal funnel shown in FIG. 1 disassembled;

in FIG. 3 is a perspective view from the other side of FIG. 1 universal funnel;

in FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a universal funnel in terms of nozzle orientation;

in FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the operation of a universal funnel.

An example embodiment of the invention

For the purposes of the present invention, the terms “up, top” indicate the orientation in the direction from the ground to the bottom of the seeder hopper, and the terms “down, lower” indicate the orientation from the bottom of the hopper to the ground.

For the purposes of the present invention, the terms “front, front” indicate the orientation in the direction of the working movement of the seeder, and the terms “back, rear” orientation in the opposite direction of “front, front”.

The terms “front”, “rear” and “side” used in connection with the wall parts of the universal funnel are used only to determine the differences in its body.

As shown in FIG. 1, the universal grain fertilizer funnel designated in the direction of the arrow by position 1 has a whole lower receiving part, generally indicated by the direction of the arrow by position 2, provided at its lower end with a discharge pipe 3 that is rigidly connected to it and adjoining to it from above, generally indicated by in the direction of the arrow, position 4 is a body part adapted to accommodate the main nodes of the sowing apparatus (seed apparatus and fertilizer apparatus).

Through the outlet pipe 3, the material located in the universal funnel is removed into the vas deferens (not shown).

Next, FIG. 1-3.

The lower receiving part 2 tapering towards the nozzle 3 is formed by two inclined walls oriented at a first angle α with a downward apex, identified hereinafter for the purposes of the present invention as the front bottom wall 5 and the rear bottom wall 6 (Fig. 2), and the lower sections adjacent to them of the first side wall 7 and the second side wall 8 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). In this way, the funnel narrows down in its horizontal cross section. The angle α is selected taking into account the best emptying of the funnel and is preferably less than 90 degrees.

The first side wall 7 and the second side wall 8 are common to the receiving part 2 and the body part 4 and are spaced from each other in the transverse direction to the width of the bottom walls 5 and 6, which is adapted to the width of the coils and valves of the metering devices (shown in Fig. 5 )

The first side wall 7 and the second side wall 8 are made with an identical external contour and each of them has a lower side adapted for forming the receiving part 2, including the first lower straight section 9 and the second lower straight section 10, as well as the upper adapted for forming the body part 4 side 11, located on the side of the bottom wall 5, the front side 12 and located on the side of the bottom wall 6, the rear side 13 (the sides and sections are denoted by the same position for both side walls).

The first lower rectilinear section 9 and the second lower rectilinear section 10 are the edges of the bottom walls 5 and 6, respectively, and are oriented with respect to each other at a first angle α to ensure that the bottom walls 5 and 6 are oriented relative to each other.

The bottom walls 5 and 6, which perform the function of the trays, have the shape of rectangles made in different lengths and are rigidly connected with the first side wall 7 and the second side wall 8. The first lower straight section 9 is shorter than the second lower straight section 10.

The front bottom wall 5 and the rear bottom wall 6 may have a different shape, for example a trapezoid (not shown).

In the rear bottom wall 6 from the side of the rear side 13 of the side walls 7 and 8, a viewing (mounting) window is provided, which is closed by a retractable shutter 14, which allows access to the fastening element that fixes the fat valve (not shown), as well as the possibility of quick cleaning universal funnel 1 from clogging.

The front side 12 of the side walls 7 and 8 has a bend 15 turning into a straight section 16, to which the edges of the front end wall 17 are rigidly connected with the side walls. In this case, the bend 15 is made so that the lower straight sections 9 protrude forward with respect to end walls 17.

In the zone of location of the bend 15, a first hole 18 is made on each side wall for receiving the valve axis of the metering device located inside the body part 4. The position of the center of the hole 18 is consistent with the position of the center of the shaft of the metering device coil.

The upper side 11 of each side wall (7 and 8) has a first upper rectilinear section adjacent to the front side 12 and a second upper rectilinear section 19 adjacent to the rear side 13, which are oriented to each other at an angle selected depending on the shape of the bottom of the hopper (sometimes called the grain box). In this particular embodiment, this angle is obtuse. Between the first upper rectilinear section 11a and the second upper rectilinear section 19 of the upper side 11, a recess 11b is provided to accommodate the flanging of the bottom of the hopper.

The front end wall 17 is oriented at an acute angle to the plane in which the upper rectilinear sections 11a (the plane of the bottom of the hopper) lie.

In an embodiment, the front side 12 of the side walls 7 and 8 can be made without bending 15, for example, to have a straightened section (not shown), while the position (angle) of the wall 17 and the location of the hole 18 are maintained, and the edges of the side walls in this the zone will protrude beyond the front end wall 17.

The upper edge of the body part 4 in the area of the first upper rectilinear sections 11a is made with the first entrance hatch 20 (also called a window) to provide communication with the hopper compartment adapted for storing seeds through the exit window for seeds located in its bottom lying in a horizontal plane. The size of the entrance hatch 20 corresponds to the size of the output window of the hopper and is limited in length on one side by the end wall 17, and on the other, rigidly connected to the side walls of the first restrictive partition 21.

The edges of the first entrance hatch 20 are provided with stiffening ribs made in the form of flanges 22 lying on the same plane with the hatch plane 20 on the upper sides of the side walls and flanging 23 of the end wall 17. The flanging 23 of the end wall 17 is provided with a fixing hole 24 to provide detachable communication of the universal funnel 1 with the bottom of the drill hopper.

The first restrictive partition 21 is made with a limb designed to seal the placed coil.

The first and second side walls, respectively 7 and 8, are provided with openings located in the housing under the upper rectilinear sections 11a, which are identified for the purposes of the present invention as side openings, indicated respectively 25 and 26.

With a side wall 7 in the zone of location of the side hole 25, a socket 27 is connected by a detachable connection, which is attached through a restrictive half ring 28 and the outer flange 29 by means of fasteners 30.

Rosette 27 is made in the form of a flat annular plate with a curly inner contour, copying in shape a cross section of the surface of the coil. In this case, the lateral hole 25 of the side wall 7 is adapted to accommodate the coil of the seed metering grooved coil apparatus.

The presence of a restrictive half ring 28 provides optimal gaps for the operation of the outlet, which reduces the crushing of seeds.

Alternatively, the universal funnel 1, as shown in FIG. 4 may not contain a pre-installed outlet 27.

In the side hole 26 of the second side wall 8, oblong grooves 31 are made (Fig. 3).

The rear side 13 of the side walls has a small rectilinear section 13a starting from the lower side 10 of the side wall, oriented at right angles to the plane in which the rear bottom wall 6 lies and passes into a large rectilinear section 13b, made at an obtuse angle to the plane in which the rear bottom wall 7, and then to the curved section 13B, convex towards the front end wall 17.

The edges of large rectilinear sections 13b of the side walls are rigidly connected to each other by the rear end wall 32 of the body part 4.

The open space between the curved portions 13b of the rear sides 13 of the side walls 7 and 8 is adapted to accommodate the spool pin spool meter therein.

The upper edge of the housing part 4 in the area of the second upper rectilinear sections 19 of the side walls adjacent to their rear side sides 13 is made with a second entrance hatch 33 for communication with the hopper compartment adapted for storing fertilizers through the exit window for fertilizers made in its side wall lying at an angle to the plane of the bottom of the hopper. The size of the hatch 33 corresponds to the size of the corresponding output window of the hopper. In the direction of the first restrictive partition 21, the hatch 33 is delimited rigidly connected with the side walls of the second restrictive partition 34.

The edges of the second receiving hatch 33 are provided with stiffeners made in the form of flanges 35 of the upper rectilinear sections 19 of the side walls lying on the same plane as the plane of the second hatch 33 and flanges 34a of the second restrictive partition 34. The flanges 35 are provided with fixing holes 35a to provide detachable connection to the universal funnel 1 with side wall of the seeder hopper.

In the area of the second hatch 33 in each side wall, a second hole 36 is provided for receiving the axis of the spool pin metering valve located in the valve body 4.

The upper edge of the housing part 4 is made with the possibility of tight fit and contact when installing a universal funnel 1 with that part of the outer surface of the lower part of the hopper in which the exit window for seeds and the exit window for fertilizers are made.

Other preferred and non-restrictive alternative versions of the universal funnel in accordance with the invention can be determined by the different orientation of the exhaust pipe.

As shown in FIG. 1, the axis of rotation of the nozzle is directed essentially vertically, i.e. the nozzle is oriented essentially vertically.

Alternatively, the axis of rotation of the nozzle, as shown in FIG. 3 can be tilted forward in the direction of the drill, i.e. the nozzle may be oriented forward along the direction of the drill.

In yet another alternative embodiment, the axis of rotation of the nozzle, as shown in FIG. 4 can be tilted back along the direction of the drill, i.e. the nozzle may be oriented in the opposite direction to the drill.

In a specific design, the dimensions of the universal funnel are adapted to the SKP-2.1 seeder and its modifications.

In the manufacture of a universal funnel, sheet metal is used as the material, similar to sheet steel, from which the seeder hopper is made.

Manufacturing technology includes laser cutting of parts, bending of some parts or parts of them, turning, welding to make tight bonds, applying an anti-corrosion coating and assembling parts. It is possible to use punch presses, dies.

The operation of the device is schematically illustrated in FIG. 5.

When using a universal funnel inside the body part 4 in the area of the side holes 25 and 26, a grooved coil 36 with a shaft 37, a coupling and a shank are placed. The coil 36 can move in the axial direction over a wide range until it is fully inserted (extended) into the housing 4 through the slots of the socket 27.

The lateral hole 26 of the second side wall 8 is designed so that the shank, shaft, and clutch of the metering device pass through it to be placed in the housing part 4 and extended from it.

A clutch is freely mounted on a cylindrical-shaped shank, which due to its ribs cannot rotate around an axis, but can move along with a coil with a shaft along it. For this, the coupling ribs are placed in those shown in FIG. 3 oblong grooves 31.

Inside the housing 4 under the grooved coil 36 on the axis 38, placed in the first hole 18, set the spring-loaded valve 39 so that its smooth working surface was turned concavity to the coil 36.

By moving the shaft 37, the working length of the coil 36 changes, i.e. that part of it, which is located inside the body part 4. By changing the working length of the coil 36, the number of seeds sown is adjusted to set the seeder at a given seed rate.

In the body part 4, in the region of the curved sections 13 in the rear lateral sides 13 of the side walls 7 and 8, a spool pin 40 mounted on a square shaft 39 is placed, under which its valve 41 is mounted on an axis 42 placed in the second hole 36. Unlike coils 36 of the apparatus for seeds, the fertilizer coil 40 does not move in the axial direction and the fertilizer sowing rate is controlled by changing its rotation speed.

Universal funnel 1 is attached to the bottom of the hopper 43 by fasteners through the mounting holes of the flanging 23, as well as to its side wall through the mounting holes of the flanging 35.

Through the access hatch 20, the seeds by gravity enter the space around the coil 36, bounded by the end wall 17, the first restrictive partition 21 and the upper curved surface of the valve 39. When the coil 36 rotates, the seed layer moves between the teeth with the grooves of the coil 36 and the spring-loaded valve 39, and dumping this layer at the end of the valve 39 into the lower receiving part 2.

During the rotation of the coil 40, granular fertilizers at the end of the valve 41 entering the space between the second restriction baffle 34 and the surface of the valve 41 facing the coil 40 are also discharged into the lower receiving part 2, entering it almost along the rear end wall 32.

Seeds and fertilizers from the lower receiving part 2 then flow by gravity into the vas deferens, to which the pipe of the universal funnel 1 is connected.

The use of a universal funnel 1, which in principle is a single part that performs the functions of the housing of the sowing apparatus for seeds, the function of the housing of the sowing apparatus for fertilizers, and the function of the receiving funnel of the vas deferens, increases the reliability and strength of the sowing system.

The installation of the main component parts of both devices in one common building reduces the cost of their installation, and also reduces the complexity of the adjustment work. The lower receiving part does not need to be additionally held.

The proposed design is versatile, it has the ability to quickly replace failed parts of the sowing apparatus and quickly clean the bottom of the receiving part from sticky fertilizers, which has obvious economic and technological advantages over individual structures in the manufacture and repair.

Claims (16)

1. A universal funnel containing a part that is tapering towards the outlet pipe and a body part adjacent to it from above; moreover, the inner space of the housing is adapted to accommodate the coil, clutch and valve of the seed metering apparatus, as well as the coil and valve of the fertilizer apparatus; despite the fact that the upper edge of the hull is made with an entrance hatch for seeds and an entrance hatch for fertilizers; moreover, one of the side walls of the universal funnel in the area of its body part is provided with an opening for accommodating the coil of the seed metering apparatus, and the opposite side wall is provided with an opening for passing through it the couplings of the seed metering apparatus; despite the fact that the side walls in the area of the body part are made with holes for the valve axes of the seed meter and fertilizer meter; moreover, in the section tapering to the nozzle, a viewing window with a retractable shutter is provided; at the same time, two limiting partitions are provided in the body part. 2. The universal funnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil of the seed meter is a grooved coil, and the fertilizer coil is a pin coil. 3. The universal funnel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the side wall in the area of the hole for accommodating the metering unit coil is equipped with a socket attached to the side wall through the restrictive half ring and the outer flange by means of fasteners. 4. The universal funnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper edge of the body part is made with the possibility of tight contact when installing a universal funnel with that part of the outer surface of the lower part of the hopper in which the exit window for seeds and the exit window for fertilizers are made. 5. The universal funnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper edge of the body part is made with the possibility of detachable communication with the seeder hopper. 6. The universal funnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the edges of the access hatches are flanged, and at least part of the flanges is provided with holes for fasteners. 7. The universal funnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of which the universal funnel is made is sheet steel. 8. The universal funnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is oriented essentially vertically. 9. The universal funnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is oriented forward along the direction of the drill. 10. The universal funnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is oriented opposite to the direction of movement of the seeder.

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