RU2616451C2 - Air-ground multi-purpose transport complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: ground-air multi-purpose transport complex includes cargo platform on the four-wheeled chassis frame construction, power plant to the transmission to move along the ground and multi-rotor power rotary-wing unit, rotors which are mounted on consoles with hinge-rotating on vertical axis mechanism fixed to the loading platform, the front door and an operator cabin, located on the end of the platform. The power plant with the transmission for terrestrial movement is executed as a separate vehicle in the form of off-road terrain and aerial device - loading platform - designed as a convertible trailer unit with folding loading ramp. When folded, the folding ramp serves as the upstream wall ground movement. The front door of the trailer transformable module is placed in such a way that when you install an SUV to travel by air, the front door of his driver is opposite the doorway convertible module.

EFFECT: reduced operating costs.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vehicles capable of moving on the ground and in the air, with the possibility of vertical take-off and landing.

A well-known car with flight performance and with the possibility of vertical take-off and landing [1], containing a body, power plant, transmission, chassis, horizontally mounted screws.

The disadvantages of this car:

- since the power units and transmissions for movement on the ground and in the air are located on one chassis, the mass is significantly increased, which reduces the payload and off-road patency;

- the difficulty of loading and unloading transported nodes;

- as can be seen from the layout of the device, there is a difficulty in technical re-equipment for multipurpose use, since with this configuration it is probably impossible to create unified, easily interchangeable units that allow assembling complexes for use in various fields of activity.

Known all-terrain vehicle-amphibian [2], containing a housing divided into volumes, each of which is designed to perform certain functions, chassis, power unit. The all-terrain vehicle is designed to solve a wide range of tasks, such as transporting the population off-road, shift crews serving the oil and gas fields, exploration, etc.

The main disadvantage of this device is the impossibility of overcoming various kinds, even low, but steep, hills, mountain ranges, as well as reservoirs with steep banks.

Also known is the vehicle semitrailer [3], which can be used as part of road trains containing a chassis, a convertible platform and a ramp for the convenience of loading and unloading.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to move independently.

The closest technical solution adopted as a prototype is a transformer car [4], which contains a cargo platform on at least a four-wheeled chassis of a frame structure with independent suspensions, a power plant with a transmission for moving on the ground, and a multi-rotor rotorcraft, whose rotors mounted on consoles with mechanisms pivotally swivel on vertical axes mounted on a loading platform; the front door and the operator’s cabin, located at the end of the platform.

The main purpose is a vehicle for US special forces. Combines the advantages of a helicopter, a drone and (according to developers) an SUV.

It is assumed that he will travel to any terrain and transport cargo, evacuate the wounded. For example, having overcome some distance through the air, he secretly (allegedly) drives up to the desired target from the landing site and, having loaded the wounded, also secretly drives off to a less safe area and flies away.

The option of offline delivery of up to 1.6 tons of goods inside removable containers is being developed.

The prototype has the following disadvantages.

Firstly, with such dimensions it is quite problematic to drive covertly, for example, to the front line for the evacuation of the wounded.

Secondly, the developers focus on the use of a transformer, mainly as an aircraft (long distances, long - up to 19 hours, flights), which significantly increases operating costs.

As a rule, the resource of continuous operation of aircraft engines is much lower compared to units for moving on the ground. For example, it is known that rotary power plants for helicopters require routine maintenance every 100 hours of operation, and after every 500 hours a major overhaul or complete replacement is required.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a multipurpose ground-air transformable transport and logistics complex off-road with an extended operational resource.

The statement of the problem is due to the need for such an extension of the functionality of the claimed technical solution, which will allow not only a wide range of advantages of the combination of a helicopter and an SUV, but also solve transport and logistics problems in various fields of application.

The technical result of the proposed solution is expressed in the rational use of technology, reducing the cost of design work and optimizing operating costs.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the well-known technical solution containing a loading platform on at least a four-wheeled chassis of a frame structure on independent suspensions, a power plant with a transmission for moving on the ground and a multi-rotor power rotorcraft, the rotors of which are mounted on consoles with articulated - swivel mechanisms on vertical axes mounted on a loading platform; the entrance door and the operator’s cabin located at the end of the platform additionally introduced that the power plant with a transmission for ground movement is allocated to an independent vehicle in the form of an off-road utility vehicle and the flying device (cargo platform) is designed as a trailed convertible module with a folding loading a ramp, in the folded state, performing the function of the front (along the ground moving) wall.

The entrance door of the trailed convertible module is placed in such a way that when installing an SUV to move through the air, the entrance door of its driver is opposite the door opening of the transformable module.

In addition, the front door of the SUV driver, when opened, enters the door opening of the transformable module when it is open.

The separation of the power plant of ground movement into an independent vehicle in the form of a passenger-and-passenger off-road vehicle of cross-country ability allows solving the following problems:

- due to the separation of the mass of the complex into two devices, the load on the soil is reduced, therefore, the permeability is increased;

- the possibility of using already developed and mass-produced off-road vehicles as part of the complex, which will significantly reduce the costs of both development and operation;

- the possibility of developing a unified series specifically for this complex of utility vehicles that can easily re-equip (transform) to solve a wide range of tasks, for example, delivering people, cargo, reconnaissance, repair complexes, evacuating the wounded, etc. In addition, SUVs developed for this complex can in some cases be used as independent vehicles without any modifications.

The implementation of the flying device (cargo platform) in the form of a trailed transformable module (without the power plant ground movement, reinforced chassis, transmission, etc.) provides:

- a significant reduction in the mass of the flying device, and consequently, an increase in the mass of airborne cargo;

- simplification of the design of the hull, the frame of the cargo platform, the chassis increases reliability, maintainability, durability, expands the possibilities of unification during re-equipment for various tasks;

- when using the complex in nominal technical equipment, for example, for delivering fishermen, hunters, extreme tourists to hard-to-reach areas, it is possible to create a simplified, lightweight construction that does not require serious power equipment, which reduces operating costs.

The introduction of a folding loading ramp in the form of a front (along the ground movement) wall provides:

- firstly, unification, due to the combination of two functions in one structural unit;

- secondly, the convenience of loading and unloading, as the body opens to the entire width of the end wall;

- thirdly, the ability to load an SUV into an aircraft module without performing any maneuvers. After stopping for a flight, the trailer detaches, the SUV drives forward, the front ramp wall drops, the SUV drives into the module in reverse, the ramp wall rises and closes. Such loading (without maneuvering) is relevant on narrow lanes in forests, on roads laid on ledges of hilly, mountainous terrain.

The implementation of the front door of the driver of the SUV (when installed to move through the air) opposite the doorway of the transformable module provides a free exit for the driver outside when the doors of both vehicles are open. This allows you to minimize the width of the aircraft module to a size that does not require a passage to move the driver to any of the exits. This arrangement (without passage) allows you to optimize the mass-dimensional characteristics of the module.

The design of the driver’s door (when installed to move through the air) is such that when it opens, it enters the doorway of the transformable module when it is open, it also allows you to optimize the weight and dimensions, but also makes it possible to significantly simplify the body structure by using swing door. A flexible door weakens the body, and the implementation of a sliding door on the bodies of off-road vehicles is often technologically impossible.

The above set of features characterizing the claimed object causes the appearance of such a technical result that provides a solution to the problem of the invention.

The analysis of the prior art shows that the land-air multipurpose transport complex is not known, which is characterized by features identical to all the essential features of this invention, which indicates its unknownness and, therefore, the novelty of the proposed technical solution.

As for the features that distinguish the proposed object from the closest analogues, then, although they are partially found in them, the above set of essential features allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the inventive step.

Finally, when implementing the invention, the presence of the proposed object is really realized, which indicates the industrial applicability of the invention.

The set of essential features of the proposed technical solution allows the use of this complex in various kinds of expeditions:

- exploration;

- topographic;

- archaeological;

- biological;

- intelligence military;

- repair and technological (ground patrolling, condition monitoring and minor repairs of power lines, gas and oil pipelines, underground cables, etc.);

- protection of forests and reserves;

- ground patrolling of border areas in the tundra and arctic zones with the possibility of flying through impassable places;

- Creation of small bases with the delivery of food, fuel, lubricants, tents and tools in remote, inaccessible places for extreme fishing and hunters;

- fulfillment of the tasks of the Ministry of Emergency Situations during river spills, landslides, winter drifts, ice drifts, landslides.

In addition, flights with a tractor on board, along the route, through rivers, swamps, lakes, ravines, faults in ice, conglomerations of hummocks, taiga overgrown with taiga, floods of rivers during floods, the movement of individual firefighters with water when extinguishing local forest fires will allow to solve transport and logistics problems, which can be explained on the following examples.

For example, when conducting geophysical exploration with the need to extract cores for layer-by-layer exploration of deposits, the delivery of small-sized drilling equipment, such as collapsible towers, rods, etc., is necessary. It is also necessary to equip the life. In addition, exploratory drilling is carried out at several spaced points. The proposed complex, which can additionally be used with a roll-out container, mounted in a trailed module, having arrived on the roads as close as possible to the destination, starts delivery by air as follows. The off-road vehicle detaches, the flying module delivers the container installed inside the container to the place of deployment, unloads and returns. The SUV enters the module and is delivered to the container unloading place. In the future, in the process of conducting work that is sufficiently short-lived (one or two wells, no more), the module can be used as an auxiliary room until the next flight, and the SUV as a vehicle. After drilling is completed, a flight to a new location in the same sequence is performed.

Variant of using the complex in combat operations. As a rule, engineering services, following the front line, arrange the rear with some access roads.

The proposed complex, equipped, for example, for the delivery of the wounded, moves to the rear near hospitals. If it is necessary to evacuate the wounded from the front line, an aircraft module with a submerged SUV flies up as close to the front line as possible and disguises itself. The SUV leaves and is already more stealthy, since it has significantly smaller dimensions and high traffic, it begins to collect the wounded on the front line. Then he takes the wounded to the module, people are loaded into the module and he flies away. The SUV leaves for the next group.

Thus, carrying out various kinds of work as part of the proposed complex allows you to move more along the roads, using the aircraft module only to overcome insurmountable obstacles, expand mobile workplaces on a larger scale, which contributes to the rational use of equipment and lower operating costs.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the ground-air multipurpose transport complex in the stowed position; in FIG. 2 is a side view of a ramp folded out for loading an SUV; in FIG. 3 is a side view with an SUV immersed for the flight, the ramp-front wall is closed; in FIG. 4 is a top view with open entrance doors (swing doors); in FIG. 5 is a general view of the complex in a pre-flight position.

The complex in its general form consists of an aircraft (cargo platform) 1 and a power plant with a transmission for ground movement 2. During ground movement, the devices are interconnected by a coupling device 3 (Fig. 1-5). The power plant with a transmission for ground movement 2 is made in the form of an off-road utility vehicle with a body 4 on at least a four-wheeled chassis 5 of a frame structure and, as a rule, on independent suspensions (not shown). To maintain rigidity and simplify the design of the body, the SUV can be made with one door 6 and for up to three people in a cargo-passenger version. Depending on the purpose, the rear part 7 of the body 4 can be made with the possibility of transformation into a passenger compartment (including beds for the wounded) or cargo compartment (modules).

Aircraft device (cargo platform) 1 contains a trailed convertible module 8 on at least a four-wheeled chassis 9 of a frame design on independent suspensions and a multi-rotor rotorcraft, rotors 10 of which with screws 11 are mounted on consoles 12.

The opposite ends of the consoles on the vertical axes with pivoting mechanisms 13, for example on bearings in glasses, are mounted on a loading platform. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, four rotor mechanisms at the corners of the platform. The cockpit 14 of the operator (pilot or unmanned robotic control system) is located from the rear (along the ground moving) end face of the aircraft. Folding loading ramp 15 in the folded (raised) position performs the function of the front along the ground movement of the wall of the aircraft. The door 6 of the SUV and the door 16 of the aircraft (FIGS. 1, 5) in the shown embodiment are oar and arranged in such a way that when opening the door 6 for the driver of the SUV to open, it passes through the opening of the previously opened door 16 of the aircraft.

The complex works as follows (Fig. 1-5).

When moving on the ground, an off-road utility vehicle 2 with a hitch 3 transports the flying device 1. When there are insurmountable obstacles, the hitch disengages, the off-road vehicle rides forward and the loading ramp — front wall 15 of the trailed transformable flying module 1 — is folded. (along the sides of the module) console 12 are deployed and fixed for the flight position. Off-road vehicle 2 backwards drives onto the loading platform and the ramp closes. The driver’s exit is through doors 6 and 16. The flight can be carried out either with the help of a pilot, or in automatic mode.

After landing, the ramp opens, the SUV leaves, the consoles are fixed along the sides of the module. A hitch is made and the complex continues to move in ground mode.

Information sources

1. Patent No. RU 2551300 C1, cl. B60F 5/02, publ. 05/20/2015.

2. Patent No. RU 64140 U1, cl. B60F 3/00, publ. 06/27/2007.

3. Patent No. RU 2296690 C2, class. B62D 63/06, publ. 04/10/2007.

4. "Black Knight-transformer" American Advanced Tactics Corporation (prototype), (see the appendix on 8 sheets).

Claims (3)

1. A ground-air multipurpose transport complex comprising a cargo platform on at least four-wheeled chassis of a frame structure with independent suspensions, a power plant with a transmission for moving on the ground, and a multi-rotor power rotorcraft, whose rotors are mounted on consoles with hinged-swivel vertical axles with mechanisms fixed to the loading platform; the front door and the operator’s cabin, located at the platform end, characterized in that the power plant with a transmission for ground movement is allocated to an independent vehicle in the form of a passenger-and-passenger off-road vehicle, and the flying device - a cargo platform - is made in the form of a trailed convertible module with a folding loading a ramp, in the folded state, performing the function of the front wall along the ground movement. 2. The ground-air multipurpose transport complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the entrance door of the trailed convertible module is positioned in such a way that when installing the SUV to move through the air, the driver’s entrance door is opposite the door opening of the transformable module. 3. The ground-air multipurpose transport complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the entrance door of the SUV driver, when opened, enters the door opening of the transformable module when it is open.

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