RU2615301C2 - Multi-operated heat generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention falls into the area of the heat-exchanging devices for heating liquid or gaseous fluids and can be applied in the gas and oil and other industries. The multi-operated heat generator contains the metal chassis with the installed burner device (BD) with an open radial clearance, with at least one channel of the fuel duct and the pipeline to supply and outlet the heat-transfer fluid (liquid or gaseous), at this the (BD) is a device of a diffusion-injector type. Over the (BD) the removable heat-exchanging device (HED) is attached, and the chassis of the heat generator (HG) is a composition and contains the (BD) installed around the (BD) and the foundation bed of (HED). In the foundation bed the pipe is installed for a direct heat transfer of the combustion gases of (BD) from the pipe to the heat-transfer fluid. In addition, over the pipe in the output butt end of the chassis the dissector of gas and fume is installed, which can be executed as removable.

EFFECT: invention must provide the heating of at least one type of the heat-transfer fluid, the simplicity and convenience of manufacturing, maintenance and repair, provide an effective recycling of APG of any composition.

11 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat exchange devices for heating liquid or gaseous media and can be used in oil and gas and other industries.

Known heat generator of pulsating combustion (patent for the invention No. 2454611, June 27, 2012, OAO Tatneft named after VD Shashin), including a combustion chamber, a container for a heated coolant, a mixing device in communication with fuel and air supply pipes with two corresponding receivers , non-return valves, pipes for exhaust gases. The tank for the heated coolant is made in the form of a multi-start pipeline. The disadvantage is the design of the heat generator due to the need to ensure tight internal connections, as well as the presence of check valves, which make it possible to dispose of unevenly supplied ballasted associated petroleum gas (APG), which makes unprofitable repair of the product. In addition, forced air supply is required to maintain combustion.

An active recuperator is known (patent RU No. 2366862, IPC F23L 15/04, published September 10, 2009), comprising a cylindrical prefabricated housing of separate successively arranged sections with dividing elements (including plates) attached to them for cross-movement of air and ducts. The design is complicated by the need to mount the plates in various precisely defined positions, the presence of other parts (spokes, bearings, etc.). The recuperator has a limited resource when working at high temperatures and requires large expenses for repair.

A well-known universal flare unit (patent for the invention No. 2554684 06/27/2015, D.V. Arsibekov, Sh.R. Gabidullin, V.V. Korotky), including a burner device (DG) of diffusion-injection type and a casing (heat generator body), located with an open radial clearance around the UG. The UG has at least one fuel supply channel with a fuel divider located almost coaxially in it. The unit can be used for efficient utilization of APG of any composition in oil fields with both large and small volumes of APG production. However, it is not intended for the beneficial use of the heat generated.

The closest analogue of the proposed technical solution is the associated petroleum gas heat recovery unit-recuperator (utility model patent No. 118400, 07/20/2012, OV Rykov) for heating at least one type of coolant containing a metal casing (firebox as described), installed in UG with one channel of fuel supply, as well as a pipeline for supplying and removing coolant (liquid or gaseous), wound along the inner surface of the casing (housing according to the description) surrounding the housing. The casing is an open type fire chamber (the lower and upper ends are not plugged, the carbon dioxide is installed with the formation of an open radial clearance between the carbon gas and the casing) for natural air draft.

The disadvantages of the device:

- the impossibility of burning APG with a high content of non-combustible gases, despite good traction. For the disposal of non-combustible APG, it is necessary to mix it with natural gas or with liquefied propane-butane, which leads to additional costs, but does not solve the problem of environmental pollution by toxic nitrogen compounds formed at low combustion temperatures (up to 600 ° C);

- the complexity of installing the pipe to supply a heated agent on the inner surface of the casing;

- high costs for repairs requiring disassembly of the device with the complete replacement of at least one assembly part (casing, furnace body, pipe for supplying coolant);

- the ability to work only on narrow ranges of inlet fuel pressure, the need to install gas control units in the fuel supply system;

- the impossibility of functioning in oil fields with small volumes of associated gas production.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to develop the design of a universal heat generator (TG), eliminating the above disadvantages. The design of the TG for heating at least one type of coolant should be simple, convenient in the manufacture, maintenance and repair, to ensure efficient utilization of APG of any composition (including ballasted APG of the first separation stage with a nitrogen content of more than 80 - 98%) in fields with small (from 20 m ³ / day), and with large (up to 100,000 m ³ / day) volumes of associated gas production with minimal regulation of the fuel supply to the TG burner (without the obligatory installation of gas control units).

The essence of the proposed technical solution.

The claimed technical result is achieved in a universal heat generator containing a metal casing, a burner device (UG) installed in it with an open radial clearance with at least one fuel supply channel, as well as at least one pipeline for supplying and discharging a heat carrier (liquid or gaseous). At the same time, the UG is a diffusion-injection type device, a removable heat exchanger (heat exchanger, UT) is fixed above the UG, the TG case is composite and contains a UG casing and a UT base installed around the UG. A pipeline is installed at the base of the UT for direct heat transfer of the flue gas of the UG from the pipeline to the coolant. In addition, a gas-smoke divider is installed above the pipeline to enhance traction, additional thermal protection, and also to protect it from atmospheric precipitation, which is important for low APG consumption. TG is made with the possibility of connecting to the fuel supply system in the UG and the system of supply / removal of coolant to the pipeline. Systems can be adjustable.

It is advisable that the pipeline be installed in the holes made in the walls of the base of the UT, which simplifies the manufacture and assembly of the heat exchanger, increase the strength and reliability of the structure. In this case, the outer part of the pipeline (protruding beyond the outer surface of the base) can be closed with at least one protective casing UT. And for more effective protection in the space between the said casing and the base can be located insulating material.

It is advisable that in the said casing UT were made ventilation holes. The casing can be made removable, and in places where it adjoins the casing, heat-insulating material (thermal insulation) was installed, which protects the casing from overheating.

It is advisable that the gas-smoke divider was made in the form of a removable part of the housing and mounted on the UT.

It is advisable that the casing UG was fixed on the UG, and the resulting flare installation was mounted on a support.

It is advisable that the housing was equipped with at least one temperature sensor (installed, for example, above the pipeline).

It is advisable that at least two openings located around the circumference of the casing, preferably at different heights, be made in the UG casing to cool the casing when operating at high loads and to create an additional air flow for better combustion.

It is advisable that a chimney is installed on the TG case, the need for which is determined by the heat engineering calculation and depends on the production of associated gas.

Thus, the use of a removable easily replaceable heat exchanger makes it possible to obtain a simple and reliable TG design, convenient for installation, maintenance, and repair - in case of failure of one of its parts - gas (UG with a casing) or heat engineering (heat exchanger), and in preferred embodiment and convective part (removable divider). The use of diffusion-injection type gas makes it possible to utilize low-quality associated gas at significant pressure drops in the fuel supply system without gas control units, but only if there is a working valve for fuel supply. In addition, there is no need for the costs of the duty burner operation necessary for the trouble-free operation of conventional UG.

The proposed heat generator is universal, since in the absence of the need to heat the working environment, its design allows the gas part to be used as an autonomous smokeless flare unit without a heat exchanger. The latter is also universal, since it can be installed on another flare unit where heating of the working medium is necessary.

As UG, any of the known diffusion-injection type devices can be used. Such devices provide the possibility of efficient (without harmful emissions), stable (without breakthroughs and flame outs) combustion of APG with a high content of non-combustible gases even with large pressure drops in the fuel supply system and sharp changes in the gas flow rate at the inlet, require minimal control only during ignition and stopping combustion, they work without forced air supply for the formation of a combustible mixture - only due to the natural flow of air (either by natural air draft or by additional suction of air Ear gas jet). Such UGs ensure trouble-free sustainable burning of even ballasted APG without the need for gas control units. Such devices include the burner device according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2079049 (publ. 05/10/1997), the tip of the torch installation for smokeless gas burning according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 36876 (publ. 03/27/2004), the burner device according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2554684 (06/27/2015), a universal burner according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2522341 (03/06/2013), burners according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 134288 (05/06/2013), a burner for burning gaseous and / or liquid fuel according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2441370 (12.11.2013).

Further, the implementation and operation of a universal heat generator will be shown in one of its preferred embodiments.

The schematic drawing shows a universal heat generator with a convective part.

A universal heat generator (TG) contains a burner device 1 (UG) of a diffusion-injection type with at least one fuel supply channel 2, a casing of a burner 3 device installed around the UG with the formation of a through (open bottom and top) annular volume. HC and casing form a flare unit (UV). A removable heat exchange device (UT) is installed at the UV, including a base 4, in which a pipe 5 (multisection in this implementation) is installed for supplying / discharging a heat carrier. The pipeline is installed in the holes 6 of the base. The outer part of the pipeline is closed by one casing of the heat exchanger 7. The casing 7 serves to protect the UT from cooling, including most of the base 4, the external and internal (inside the base) parts of the pipeline. The pipeline provides connection points to an adjustable coolant supply system - the inlet and outlet pipes 8 in the upper and lower parts of the pipeline and are brought to the outer surface of the casing 7 (can be installed in the base or in the UT casing). A heat-insulating material 9 is laid between the base 4 and the casing 7. Ventilation openings are made on the upper and lower surfaces of the casing 7. 10. A smoke-gas divider 11 removable in this TG implementation formed by the divider casing 11 and at least two plates is installed over the pipeline 5 in the outlet end part of the casing without perforation, each of which partially overlaps the outlet of the housing. The plates are located at different heights and partially overlap each other.

On the casing of UG 2 there are four gas equalizing holes 13 (located in this case, two against each other at different heights) to prevent overheating at maximum loads and swirling the retracting air flow for better combustion at minimum loads.

The UG is fixed in the casing 2 mounted on the support 14. In the casing 2, an automatic ignition-ignition device 15 for ignition of the UG is installed and an inspection hole 16 is made. The casing 2, the base 4 and the divider 11 are sequentially installed and secured with detachable connections 17 to form a composite TG case.

A fuel divider 18 may be provided in said UG channel. Based on the UT and divider 11, loops 19 can be provided for lifting and installing them.

UV - gas part, UT - heat engineering part, flue gas cutter 11 - convective part of TG.

Parts and components of TG are made (by cutting, welding, drilling) from metal pipes of various diameters, sheet metal. The type, thickness of materials, the difference in the diameters of the blanks for the manufacture of the body, gas tanks, pipelines can be different in different devices and is determined taking into account the receipt of specific installation parameters, the maximum total power of the system to which the TG is connected, etc.

In this TG implementation, the UG casing, UT base, divider casing 11 are made in the form of cylindrical parts with the possibility of their detachable connection (flange connection). Diffusion injection UG, made with the possibility of connecting to the fuel supply system, is fixed in the casing 2 with obtaining an open annular gap. In this implementation, the drawing shows an UG with one fuel supply channel in which a fuel divider is installed. The resulting UV is mounted on a stationary or removable support 14. The support in this implementation of the invention is adjustable, made in the form of a tripod and mounted on UG 1 (or casing 2 to increase stability). The universal support allows you to install TG on any surface (on solid ground, concrete slab, mobile platform). The pipeline 5 is multi-sectional. Each section is made of identical pipe sections, parallel threaded into the holes of the base. To form a single internal volume of the section, the ends of the parallel pipes are connected by two end pipes with holes for the pipes to be connected and with plugged ends. The sections are located one above the other perpendicular to the axis of the base 4 and with a shift (or rotation) relative to each other for better flow around the pipeline with flue gases. Sections are interconnected by pipes. The number of sections and pipes in each section depends on the choice of dimensions of the base and pipeline. Make a casing UT. For this, for example, a frame is fastened to the base of the UT around the part of the pipeline that protrudes beyond it. On the upper and lower sections (parts) of the pipeline, pipes 8 are installed that protrude outside the frame for detachable connection with the coolant supply / removal system. Fill the frame with heat-insulating material, sheathe it with sheet metal. The UT is mounted on UV, fixed using a detachable joint 17 (without welding). Similarly, on the UT, the manufactured removable divider 11 is mounted.

TG can be stationary or mobile. For small TG sizes (for the useful utilization of a small amount of gas), its gas, heat engineering and convection parts can be delivered by mobile means to the installation and use sites where the TG is finally assembled and connected. Thus, in the event of the failure of standard equipment (track heaters, oil heating furnaces, steam and hot water boilers, etc.), the TG can be used as spare equipment in order to avoid losses in the utilization of APG, interruptions and malfunctions in oil treatment at the facilities oil preparation and pumping (UPPN), preliminary water discharge units (UPVS), integrated oil treatment units (UKPN), etc. For the installation of TG does not require the installation of foundations. In addition, the TG can be installed and used directly on mobile vehicles (platforms, carts, etc.).

Work description

Assembled mounted on a support and connected to the fuel supply system and the supply / removal of coolant TG is ready for operation. Open the disconnecting device at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline. Start pumping the coolant (working medium - oil, water, salt water, emulsion) by removing the air plug and controlling the pressure of the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the UT. Gradually opening the fuel supply to the UG, they ignite it using an automatic ignition-ignition device or a manual ignition burner. The methods of ignition of a diffusion-injection type gas are somewhat different with a different number of fuel supply channels, as well as the properties of the fuel in these channels, they are known, do not directly relate to the essence of the proposed technical solution, therefore, they are not described in detail in this application. After ignition and the establishment of sustainable combustion of UG, maintaining the combustion of the ignition device is not required. By regulating the supply of fuel to the UG (with one or more channels of fuel supply), reduce or increase the load on the UG and TG in general. With a steady load, the TGs are transferred to automatic mode. The divider 11 and the casing UT provide minimal heat loss and efficient heat transfer to the coolant through the walls of the pipeline located above the UG flame and heated by flue gases, and in some cases by the flame. With insufficient draft of the open firebox (case) of the TG, a chimney can be installed. The temperature of the coolant at the inlet of the UT can be from + 5 ° C, and at the outlet up to + 90 ° C. This temperature can be regulated depending on the installation conditions of the TG - by changing the flow rate of the coolant and / or the load on the UG.

The UG functions efficiently (without breaks and breakthroughs of the flame) with large differences in the fuel supply system. Therefore, when the pressure drops do not require regulation in the fuel supply system (unregulated system without gas control units).

To turn off the TG, they gradually decrease until the gas supply to the UG is completely stopped. After cooling the pipeline in the heat engineering part to 10-15 ° C, the coolant supply is turned off.

If necessary, remove the divider and UT (or UT when performing a stationary divider) and use UV for safe and environmentally friendly utilization of APG. In the event of failure of any of the TG parts, replacing this part does not require much effort and cost.

Despite the fact that the design of a universal heat generator is shown and described in a specific embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and content can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

In other TG implementations, its constituent parts can be manufactured by any known method. Including between the base 4, the casing 3 and the divider 11 can be installed additional parts and devices that do not violate the openness of the housing for the smooth operation of the UG. Each of the external parts of the pipeline can be closed by a separate casing. The casings can be made removable, and in places where they are adjacent to the body (depending on the material), thermal insulation can be laid.

In addition, sections of the pipeline can be made in the form of a coil of straight pipes connected by arched segments. Similarly, the connection of the sections can be performed. The pipeline can be fully fixed inside the base. In this case, the nozzles 8 are installed in the base and lead out of the casing 7. In the base, two pipelines can be provided for supplying two different coolants. Material for thermal insulation can be loose.

The divider can consist of one part with many nozzle openings and be permanently installed in the output part of the housing (in the upper part of the base of the UT) above the pipeline.

In addition, the support may consist of two independent parts - for the body and the UG, etc.

The proposed design of the TG provides:

- TG mobility, short deadlines for installation (assembly according to the LEGO principle) and maintenance, does not require significant material costs in the manufacture and repair due to the allocation of independent gas and heat exchange, as well as convective parts;

- quick cost recovery;

- the possibility of useful utilization of high-calorific, nitrogen-ballasted APG or light fractions of any composition with a non-combustible component content in APG up to 93% in oil fields with small volumes of APG production;

- the possibility of simultaneous utilization of associated gas of the 1st and 2nd separation stages when choosing a two-channel gas condensate.

- the possibility of useful utilization of APG in oil fields with large and small volumes of APG production from 20 to 100,000 m ³ / day, while bringing its level to 95% and above;

- resistance to separation and slip of the flame during sharp fluctuations in gas pressure, gas flow at the inlet to the TG without the installation of gas control units;

- the possibility of using a heat generator as either a furnace for heating an oil emulsion, oil, water, or an air convector, or a waste heat boiler for heating / hot water supply, or a universal flare unit.

Claims (11)

1. A universal heat generator containing a metal housing, a burner device (UG) installed in it with an open radial clearance with at least one fuel supply channel, as well as at least one pipe for the coolant, and made with the possibility of connecting to the fuel supply system in the UG and a system for supplying and discharging heat carrier into the pipeline, characterized in that the UG is a diffusion-injection type device; a removable heat-exchange device (UT) is installed above the UG, containing the UT base and installed in it ruboprovod, TG is an integral body and comprises a casing mounted around HS HS and base YT and installed over the pipeline gazodymny divider. 2. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the said pipeline is installed in the openings of the base UT. 3. The heat generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the external part of the pipeline is closed by at least one UT casing. 4. The heat generator according to claim 3, characterized in that between the said casing UT and the base of the UT is a heat-insulating material. 5. The heat generator according to claim 3, characterized in that ventilation openings are made in said casing UT. 6. The heat generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the said casing UT is made removable, and at the places of its adjacency to the casing, heat-insulating material is installed. 7. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-smoke divider is made in the form of a removable part of the housing and is installed on the UT. 8. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the flare unit of the exhaust gas and the casing of the exhaust gas mounted on it are mounted on a support. 9. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is equipped with at least one temperature sensor. 10. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two openings located at different heights around the circumference of the casing are made in the UG casing. 11. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a chimney is installed on the housing.

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