RU2792716C1 - Multi-purpose portable heat generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat exchangers.

SUBSTANCE: heat exchangers for heating liquid or gaseous media used in oil and gas and other industries. The heat generator consists of a combustion section, in which a burner with a fuel supply channel is installed, and a section, which is a chimney with a heat exchanger installed on it with a coolant supply pipeline. The heat generator is installed on the transport base, and its constituent sections are interconnected by means of a hinge assembly. Elements of two spring assemblies are fixed on the chimney, designed to compensate for the force moment from the weight of the chimney when it is turned. When the pipe is rotated to a horizontal position, one of the assemblies acts in tension, and the other acts in compression. The compressive assembly contains two elastic elements consisting of sections connected in series with springs of different stiffness. The heat generator also contains a bed for fixing the chimney in a horizontal position.

EFFECT: air is supplied to the heat generator cavity tangentially through gate windows located at the bottom of the furnace section with screens - plates that provide rotational and translational air movement along the heat generator ducts, and through holes made in the bottom of the furnace section.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat exchange devices for heating liquid or gaseous media and can be used in the oil and gas and other industries, as army mobile heat generators for units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and troops of the RCB protection.

Known heat generator of pulsating combustion [1], including a combustion chamber, a container for a heated coolant, a mixing device, communicated with pipes for supplying fuel and air with two corresponding receivers, check valves, exhaust pipes for combustion products. The disadvantage is the complexity of the design of the heat generator due to the need to ensure the tightness of internal connections, the heat generator is not mobile.

There is also known a block utilizer-recuperator of associated petroleum gas [2] for heating at least one type of coolant, containing a metal case (furnace according to the description), installed in it a universal burner with one fuel supply channel, and a pipeline for supplying and removing coolant (liquid or gaseous), wound along the inner surface of the casing (body according to the description) surrounding the body. The body is an open-type furnace (the lower and upper ends are not plugged, the burner device (BG) is installed with the formation of an open radial gap between the BG and the body) for natural air draft. Its disadvantages are: the complexity of mounting a pipe for supplying a heated agent on the inner surface of the casing; high costs for repairs that require disassembly of the device with a complete replacement of at least one assembly part (casing, furnace body, pipes for supplying coolant); the impossibility of functioning in oil fields with small volumes of associated petroleum gas (APG) production. The disadvantage is the lack of mobility of the heat generator.

A heat generator is also known [3], containing a housing with air collectors and at least one inspection hole, a coil for the coolant, a coil casing, as well as a burner device installed in the housing almost coaxially, containing a fuel supply channel and a head made with the ability to connect to the fuel supply system into the burner and the system for supplying coolant to the coil. At the same time, the said coil is installed outside the housing and is closed by the said coil casing, a diffusion-injection type burner is used as a burner device, installed with the possibility of moving along the axis of the housing by means of a regulating mechanism, a burner housing is installed around the head with the formation of radial gaps between the housing and burner device. In this case, a divider with a plurality of nozzle holes is installed almost coaxially in the said fuel supply channel, and at least one hole is made in the housing for flexible connection of the burner device with the fuel supply system.

The disadvantage of the device is the complexity of the design, the lack of measures for thermal protection of the paths of the device from the combustion products of the fuel, the lack of mobility of the heat generator.

The closest analogue of the proposed technical solution is a universal heat generator according to the RF patent for invention No. 2615301 [4]. The universal heat generator contains a metal case with a burner device installed in it with an open radial gap with at least one fuel supply channel and a pipeline for supplying and discharging a coolant (liquid or gaseous). In this case, the burner device is a diffusion-injection type device. A removable heat exchange device is fixed above the burner device, while the heat generator body is composite and contains a burner casing and a base installed around the burner device. A pipeline is installed at the base for direct transfer of flue gas heat from the pipeline to the heat carrier. The invention should provide heating of at least one type of coolant, simplicity and convenience in manufacturing, maintenance and repair, ensure efficient utilization of APG of any composition.

Since the heat generator according to patent no. lifting equipment, the heat generator is assembled. Thus, it is the complexity of ensuring the mobility of the heat generator that is the main disadvantage of the heat generator - the prototype. Another disadvantage of the heat generator according to patent No. 2615301 [4] is the absence in the device of elements of thermal protection of the body of the heat generator from high-temperature flue gases.

These shortcomings can be eliminated by reducing the number of collapsible elements of the heat generator to two nodes (two sections) connected to each other by a hinge, namely, a furnace - base and a chimney with a heat exchanger. At the same time, the placement of the base furnace on the transport base makes it possible to give the heat generator mobility. When transporting the heat generator, the chimney with the heat exchanger must be fixed in a horizontal position (stowed position). To exclude the use of external load-lifting equipment (cranes) when transferring the heat generator from traveling mode to the working state, the heat generator must include a mechanism that allows vertical and leveling the chimney. It is effective to use air cooling to cool the chimney.

This is illustrated by the diagrams shown in figure 1, figure 2, figure 3. So figure 1 shows a structural - layout diagram of the proposed modular mobile heat generator, where the positions indicate the following of its components: 1 - elements of the transport base; 2 - firebox-base; 3 - chimney; 4 - heat exchange unit; 5 - hinge; 6 - thrust; 7 - winch; 8.9 - elastic elements; 10 - lodgment; 11 - rack; 12 - burner device; 13 - gate windows; 14.15 - flanges; 16 - bracket.

In FIG. 2 shows a structural layout diagram of the verticalization unit of the chimney of the heat generator, consisting of four spring sections, where the following positions are indicated: 1 - elements of the transport base; 2 - firebox-base; 3 - chimney; 17.18 - brackets; 19 - axis; 20 - traverse; 21, 23, 25, 27 - springs; 22, 24, 26.28 - glasses - pencil cases.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the tangential air supply to the working cavities of the heat generator - to the furnace - the base and the near-wall zone of the chimney. In Fig.3 the following positions are indicated: 29 - opening of the gate window; 30, 31 - respectively, the upper and lower bushings; 32.33 - respectively, the upper and lower forks; 34 - screen plate 37.

где D – диаметр дымовой трубы, L – координата точки приложения приведенной массы дымовой трубы 3 с теплообменником 4 (фиг.1). При этом, обе цилиндрические пружины имеют продольные оси, выполненные по дуге окружности соответствующих радиусов

, по которым и происходит деформация пружин. Поскольку при повороте дымовой трубы 3 с теплообменником 4 относительно шарнира 5 величина опрокидывающего силового момента подчиняется закону синуса, а для обеспечения постоянства величины усилия, прикладываемого к дымовой трубе 3 от лебедки 7 посредством тяги (троса) 6, жесткость пружин 8 и 9 должна меняться по мере деформации пружин, чего можно добиться при переменной жесткости пружин по их длине. При угле

дымовая труба 3 с теплообменником 4 базируется на ложементе 10, где фиксируется защелкой, неуказанной на фиг.1. Ложемент 10 установлен на стойке 11. В топке-основании 2 теплогенератора расположено (смонтировано) горелочное устройство, обозначенное позицией 12. В корпусе топки-основания 2 выполнены шиберные окна 13 для подвода воздуха в зону горения. В рабочем состоянии топка-основание 2 и дымовая труба 3 стыкуются друг с другом посредством соответствующих фланцев 14 и 15. При этом, на фланце 15 выполнен кронштейн 16 на котором закреплен один из концов пружины 8, а также на фланце 14 имеется защелка, непоказанная на фиг.1 для фиксации секций теплогенератора в вертикальной плоскости. На фиг.1 отдельной позицией не обозначен кронштейн вблизи среза дымовой трубы для крепления троса 6.Thus, the device (heat generator) consists of a transport base, the elements of which in figure 1 are indicated by the position 1. The heat generator itself consists of a base furnace 2 and a chimney 3 with a heat exchanger 4. Both parts of the heat generator are connected to each other by a hinge 5. Turning the flue pipe 3 with a heat exchanger 4 relative to the furnace-base 2 is made using a rod 6 and a winch 7. To reduce the magnitude of the force when moving the chimney 3, elastic elements 8 and 9 are attached to it. The spring 8 is designed to compensate for the force moment from the weight P at the beginning turning the chimney 3 relative to the hinge (axis) 5 when moving it to the stowed position. Spring 9 compensates for the force moment that occurs when the chimney 3 rotates relative to the point O by an angle greater than the angle

where D is the diameter of the chimney, L is the coordinate of the point of application of the reduced mass of the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4 (Fig.1). At the same time, both cylindrical springs have longitudinal axes made along the arc of a circle of the corresponding radii

, along which the deformation of the springs occurs. Since when turning the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4 relative to the hinge 5, the magnitude of the overturning force moment obeys the sine law, and to ensure the constancy of the magnitude of the force applied to the chimney 3 from the winch 7 by means of a rod (cable) 6, the stiffness of the springs 8 and 9 must change according to the degree of deformation of the springs, which can be achieved with a variable stiffness of the springs along their length. At an angle

the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4 is based on the lodgement 10, where it is fixed with a latch, not shown in Fig.1. The lodgement 10 is installed on the rack 11. In the furnace-base 2 of the heat generator, a burner is located (mounted), indicated by the position 12. In the body of the furnace-base 2, slide windows 13 are made to supply air to the combustion zone. In working condition, the base furnace 2 and the chimney 3 are joined to each other by means of the corresponding flanges 14 and 15. At the same time, on the flange 15 there is a bracket 16 on which one of the ends of the spring 8 is fixed, and on the flange 14 there is a latch not shown on figure 1 to fix the sections of the heat generator in a vertical plane. In figure 1, a separate position does not indicate the bracket near the cut of the chimney for attaching the cable 6.

. Поэтому, чтобы усилия, прилагаемые через трос 6 от лебедки 7 к дымовой трубе 3 были относительно невелики и по силам для одного человека (ручная лебедка), необходимо, чтобы усилия, возникающие в пружинах 8 и 9 должны также изменяться по закону синуса, но по схеме, приведенной на фиг.1 усилия будут пропорциональны углу поворота дымовой трубы 3. Поэтому парирование силового момента от веса дымовой трубы 3 с теплообменником 4, обеспечение закона парирования близкого к синсоиде можно обеспечить только ха счет функционального изменения жесткости пружин 9 и 8 по их длине, что технически выполнить сложно. Особенно сложно это сделать для пружины 9, ввиду значительно большей ее деформации по сравнению с деформацией пружины 8. Эти технические (технологические) сложности можно преодолеть, если пружины выполнить в виде последовательно соединенных друг с другом пружин с различными жесткостными характеристиками

, где

- порядковый номер соответствующего участка пружин. При этом, ввиду исполнения пружин с центральной осью по дуге окружности, такие пружины предрасположены к потере устойчивости в направлениях, как перпендикулярных плоскости, проходящей через продольную ось пружины, так и может проявляться в постоянстве значения кривизны для продольной оси пружины, т.е. к появлению местных потерь устойчивости. Для исключения возможности потери устойчивости пружин, их необходимо разместить в стаканах-пеналах, а в случае выполнения пружины в виде последовательно соединенных участков пружин с различными жесткостями, каждый из участков пружины целесообразно разместить в отдельном стакане-пенале. При этом, для обеспечения больших величин деформации пружин, в случае выполнения их в виде последовательно соединенных пружин, соответствующие стаканы-пеналы должны быть выполнены с возможностью телескопического соединения друг с другом. As follows from the diagram in figure 1, the springs 8 and 9 are designed to compensate (parry) from the force P relative to the point O (figure 1). These force moments vary according to the sine law from the angle

. Therefore, in order for the forces applied through the cable 6 from the winch 7 to the chimney 3 to be relatively small and within the power for one person (manual winch), it is necessary that the forces arising in the springs 8 and 9 should also change according to the sine law, but according to the scheme shown in Fig.1, the efforts will be proportional to the angle of rotation of the chimney 3. Therefore, parrying the power moment from the weight of the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4, ensuring the parrying law close to the sinsoid can only be ensured by functional changes in the stiffness of the springs 9 and 8 along their length which is technically difficult to achieve. It is especially difficult to do this for spring 9, due to its significantly greater deformation compared to the deformation of spring 8. These technical (technological) difficulties can be overcome if the springs are made in the form of springs connected in series with each other with different stiffness characteristics

, Where

- the serial number of the corresponding section of the springs. At the same time, due to the design of springs with a central axis along an arc of a circle, such springs are prone to buckling in directions both perpendicular to the plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the spring, and can manifest itself in the constancy of the curvature value for the longitudinal axis of the spring, i.e. to the appearance of local stability losses. To exclude the possibility of loss of stability of the springs, they must be placed in canisters, and if the spring is made in the form of series-connected sections of springs with different stiffnesses, it is advisable to place each of the spring sections in a separate canister. At the same time, in order to ensure large amounts of deformation of the springs, in the case of their execution in the form of series-connected springs, the corresponding canister cups must be made with the possibility of telescopic connection with each other.

On the other hand, in order to increase the reliability of work on transferring the heat generator to the traveling or operating mode, to avoid possible angular movements of the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4 relative to the OY axis, two springs 9 must be used in the design of the heat generator. For the same purpose, the hinge 5 must be made in the form of an axis passing through two pairs of brackets, respectively installed on the furnace-base 2 and chimney 3.

Scheme of structural layout of the above on the example of the four sections of the spring 9 (figure 1), is shown in figure 2, where for each of the sections of the spring 9, as noted above, given its own position.

, где

- индекс, соответствующий позиции той или иной пружины. Так пружина 21 одним своим концом крепится к траверсе 20, а другим концом к днищу стакана-пенала 22, а соответствующая жесткость пружины 21 равна

. К днищу стакана-пенала 22 снаружи крепится пружина 23, второй конец которой прикреплен к днищу стакана-пенала 24 изнутри. При этом, жесткость пружины 23 равна

, а диаметр (внутренний диаметр) пружины 23 позволяет перемещать стакан-пенал 22 внутри пружины 23. С наружной стороны днища стакана-пенала 24 закреплена пружина 25, другой конец которой закреплен на днище стакана-пенала 26, а жесткость пружины 25 равна

. При этом, внутренний диаметр пружины 25 позволяет перемещать стакан-пенал 24 внутри пружины 25. Снаружи днища стакана-пенала 26 закреплен одним из своих концов пружина 27, с жесткостью

. Второй конец пружины 27 закреплен на транспортной базе 1. Пружина 27 вложена в стакане-пенале 28, который закреплен на транспортной базе 1. При этом, внутренний диаметр пружины 27 позволяет внутри нее перемещать пенал 26 с пружиной 25.Значения жесткостных характеристик пружин в узлах парирования весового момента для отдельных пружин подчиняются следующему соотношению

.In figure 2, position 1 denotes the elements of the transport base intended for transportation (transportation) of the heat generator. A heat generator is installed on the transport base, consisting of two main units - a base furnace 2 and a chimney 3, connected to each other by means of a hinge made of two pairs oppositely installed relative to the plane of rotation of the chimney 3, brackets installed, respectively, 17 on the chimney pipes 3 and 18 - on the firebox-base 2. Axis 19 passes through the holes made in the brackets 17,18. Elements 17,18,19 form the hinge assembly of the heat generator. Perpendicular to the plane of movement of the chimney 1, a traverse 20 is installed on its body, which is designed to attach to it the elastic elements of two spring assemblies designed to parry the force moment due to the displacement of the reference point of the chimney 3 mass. connected sections with springs of different stiffness

, Where

- index corresponding to the position of a particular spring. So the spring 21 is attached with one end to the traverse 20, and with the other end to the bottom of the glass-case 22, and the corresponding stiffness of the spring 21 is equal to

. A spring 23 is attached to the bottom of the glass-case 22 from the outside, the second end of which is attached to the bottom of the glass-case 24 from the inside. In this case, the stiffness of the spring 23 is equal to

, and the diameter (inner diameter) of the spring 23 allows you to move the glass-case 22 inside the spring 23. On the outer side of the bottom of the glass-case 24, a spring 25 is fixed, the other end of which is fixed to the bottom of the glass-case 26, and the stiffness of the spring 25 is

. At the same time, the inner diameter of the spring 25 allows you to move the glass-case 24 inside the spring 25. Outside the bottom of the glass-case 26, spring 27 is fixed at one of its ends, with rigidity

. The second end of the spring 27 is fixed on the transport base 1. The spring 27 is embedded in the cup-pencil case 28, which is fixed on the transport base 1. At the same time, the inner diameter of the spring 27 allows you to move the pencil case 26 with the spring 25 inside it. weight moment for individual springs are subject to the following relation

.

The proposed mobile heat generator has several characteristic modes of operation.

1) Operational. In this mode, the chimney 3 (Fig.1) with the heat exchanger 4 with its flange 15 is based on the flange 14 of the firebox-base 2, which is fixed with latches not shown in Fig.1. As a burner device for the proposed heat generator, any of the known devices of the diffusion-injection type can be used, which provide the possibility of efficient (without harmful emissions), stable (without flashbacks and flame breaks) combustion of gaseous fuels, including associated petroleum gas with a high content of non-combustible gases even with large pressure drops in the fuel supply system and sudden changes in gas flow at the inlet, require minimal regulation only during ignition and combustion stop, operate without forced air supply to form a combustible mixture - only due to natural air intake (or natural air draft , or additional suction of air by a gas jet). Liquid fuel can also be used as a fuel in the proposed heat generator, for the combustion of which special burners can be used, including universal ones, designed for burning both gaseous and liquid phases. Such devices include burners according to RF patents for inventions: No. 2554684 (burner device), No. 2522341 (universal burner), RF utility model patent No. 134288 (burner device), patent No. 2441370 (burner for burning gaseous and / or liquid fuel).

A more detailed description of the burner devices is beyond the scope of the present invention.

The heat exchange device can be presented (made) in the form of a coil around the chimney, high-temperature gases passing through the chimney heat the medium passing through the coil - water, oil, etc. However, a more detailed description of the heat exchange device is beyond the scope of the present invention.

During the operating mode of the heat generator, the transport base on which it is installed is hung on supports-consoles not shown in figure 1 and figure 2. The paths of the heat exchange device are connected to the supply and exhaust lines of the working medium. The fuel supply lines are also connected to the burner. Based on the energy (calorific) characteristics of the fuel and stoichiometric ratios, the consumption characteristic of the air supplied to the base furnace is selected. The flow rate is regulated by opening gate windows 13 (figure 1). At the same time, the air supplied to the furnace partly participates in the process of fuel oxidation, and partly rises up the chimney 3 together with the flue gases. When organizing the movement of air along the inner surface of the chimney 3, this air flow reduces the intensity of the heat flow from the flue gases to the wall of the chimney 5 and increases the heat resistance of the pipe walls. To increase the uniformity of the air thermal protection of the chimney, the air supply to the slide windows must be organized in the form of an annular vortex, for which you can use, for example, a tangential supply using branch pipes tangentially installed on the slide windows, or by installing plates in the slide windows with the ability to adjust the angle position of the plate relative to the tangent plane, as shown in Fig.3.

установки пластины-экрана относительно касательной плоскости, проходящей через ось вращения осей втулок 32 и 33. Выбранное положение (угловое положение) пластины-экрана фиксируется парой винт-гайка для каждой из втулок 30 и 31, которые на фиг.3 не показаны. При этом плоскость пластины-экрана может быть спрофилирована так, чтобы интенсифицировать кольцевое движение подсасываемого воздуха, т.е. интенсифицировать его пристеночное восходящее кольцевое движение. Как следует из схемы, приведенной на фиг.3, поступление воздуха в топку-основание 2 (фиг.1) через шиберные окна 13 происходит по двум каналам – с наветренной стороны для пластины-экрана 34 (фиг.3), как показано на фиг.3, и с наветренной стороны, и именно для того, чтобы поджать этот второй поток к стенке топки-основания и выполняется профилирование пластины-экрана.In FIG. 3, position 29 indicates the opening of the gate window. Coaxially with the vertical axis of the gate window on the body of the furnace-base, respectively, the upper 30 and lower 31 bushings are installed, into which the axes of the forks 32 and 33, respectively, are inserted, into the grooves of which a screen plate 34 is inserted, part of which is placed outside the heat generator body, and part located in the cavity of the furnace-base 2 (figure 1). In this case, the position of the plate-screen relative to the forks is fixed, for example, by a screw pair, not shown in Fig.3. By turning the plate - screen 34 relative to the axis passing through the bushings 30 and 31, it is possible to provide the required angle

installation of the screen plate relative to the tangent plane passing through the axis of rotation of the axes of the bushings 32 and 33. The selected position (angular position) of the screen plate is fixed by a pair of screw-nut for each of the bushings 30 and 31, which are not shown in Fig.3. In this case, the plane of the screen plate can be profiled in such a way as to intensify the annular movement of the sucked air, i.e. to intensify its near-wall upward circular motion. As follows from the diagram shown in figure 3, the air flow into the base furnace 2 (figure 1) through the gate windows 13 occurs through two channels - from the windward side for the screen plate 34 (figure 3), as shown in Fig. .3, and from the windward side, and it is in order to press this second flow against the wall of the base furnace that the screen plate is profiled.

Thus, in the operating mode, operating mode, fuel is burned in the burner device 12 (figure 1), the combustion products of which heat the working medium (water, oil, etc.) in the heat exchange device, which, after passing through the paths of the heat exchange device, enters consumers. At the same time, in order to organize efficient fuel combustion and organize efficient fuel combustion and organize thermal protection of the chimney 3 (figure 1), a tangential air supply is carried out through the gate windows 13, resulting in a rotational-translational movement of the supplied air along the heat generator path, during which is the upward movement of the gas-smoke mixture.

, лежащем в интервале от 500 до 1000 Н, начинается проворот (поворот) в шарнире 5, а основную составляющую возвратного силового момента от веса дымовой трубы 3 с теплообменным устройством 4 парирует пружина сжатия 8, которая работает на свое раскрытие, в ходе которого усилие, прикладываемое к кронштейну 16, убывает по мере раскрытия пружины. В свою очередь, при повороте дымовой трубы 3 в шарнире 5 начинает сжиматься пружина 9 (фиг.1), создавая силовой момент, действующий на дымовую трубу 3. Для соблюдения допустимого диапазона силового воздействия на дымовую трубу 3, создаваемого лебедкой 7, исходя из простейших уравнений силового равновесия, можно подобрать координаты точек приложения силовых факторов (параметры L и Н), значения жесткостных характеристик пружин

для всего диапазона изменения угла

от 0 до 90⁰. При этом, как отмечалось выше, жесткость пружины 9 должна меняться от угла

дымовой трубы, для этого целесообразно выполнить пружину 9 в виде последовательно соединенных пружин с различными жесткостями, как показано на фиг.2. Как следует из схемы, приведенной на фиг.2, таких пружин с кусочно-дискретными характеристиками жесткости (упругими характеристиками) в конструктивно-компоновочной схеме теплогенератора используется две, что позволяет предотвратить проворот дымовой трубы 3 (фиг.1) относительно продольной ее оси и уменьшить величину усилия, обусловленного силовым моментом от веса дымовой трубы 3 с теплообменником 4, приходящееся на одну пружину, что позволит снизить в два раза жесткости соответствующих участков пружины 9 (фиг.1) и повысить точность настройки узлов теплогенератора, участвующих в процессе перевода теплогенератора в походное (транспортное) положение. При вращении дымовой трубы 3 с теплообменником 4, механическим аналогом которой может быть взят стержень, вращающийся относительно шарнира 5 (фиг.1) или шарнирного узла, состоящего из элементов 17 - 19 (фиг.2), посредством траверсы 20 на дымовую трубу 3 оказывают силовое воздействие пружины 21, 23, 25, 27, значение которого по мере поворота дымовой трубы 3 и деформации пружин будет расти. При этом, в начале поворота дымовой трубы 3 наиболее сильному сжатию будет подвергаться пружина 21, хотя и остальные пружины будут также подвержены деформациям, но в меньшей степени. После выбора хода (длины) сжатия пружины 21, траверса 20 входит в контакт с торцом стакана-пенала 22, воздействуя на который осуществляется силовое воздействие на пружину 23, которая сжимается и внутрь ее входит стакан-пенал 22. После выбора величины сжатия пружины 23, соответствующего контакту траверсы 20 с торцом стакана-пенала 24, а далее посредством днища стакана-пенала 24 будет происходить сжатие пружины 25. Сжатие пружины будет происходить до контакта траверсы 20 с торцом стакана-пенала 26. Далее днищем стакана-пенала 26 производится деформация пружины 27, в которой стакан-пенал 23 входит внутрь пружины 27, которая сжимается в полости стакана-пенала 28. При достижении дымовой трубы 3 с теплообменником 4 горизонтального положения, труба 3 входит в контакт с ложементом 10 (фиг.1), происходит фиксация ее положения на ложементе защелкой, непоказанной на фиг.1 и фиг.2.2. The mode of stopping the heat generator and preparing it for transportation consists of the following operations: stopping the supply of fuel to the burner; draining the working medium from the paths of the heat exchange device; disconnection from the heat generator of the inlet and outlet paths; cooling units and assemblies of the heat generator. After performing these operations, removing wind braces, fixing the end of the cable near the chimney cut, the heat generator is ready to transfer it to the transport position. Next, the coupling elements, not shown in figure 1, connecting the flanges 14 and 15 are removed and the deflection of the cable 6 is selected using the winch 7. When the force transmitted by the cable 6 to the chimney is reached, 3 values

, lying in the range from 500 to 1000 N, rotation (rotation) in the hinge 5 begins, and the main component of the return force moment from the weight of the chimney 3 with the heat exchange device 4 is parried by the compression spring 8, which works on its opening, during which the force, applied to the bracket 16 decreases as the spring opens. In turn, when turning the chimney 3 in the hinge 5 begins to compress the spring 9 (figure 1), creating a force moment acting on the chimney 3. To comply with the allowable range of force on the chimney 3 generated by the winch 7, based force balance equations, it is possible to choose the coordinates of the points of application of force factors (parameters L and H), the values of the stiffness characteristics of the springs

for the entire angle range

from 0 to 90 ⁰ . In this case, as noted above, the stiffness of the spring 9 should vary from the angle

chimney, for this it is advisable to make the spring 9 in the form of series-connected springs with different stiffnesses, as shown in Fig.2. As follows from the diagram shown in figure 2, these springs with piecewise discrete characteristics of stiffness (elastic characteristics) in the structural layout of the heat generator uses two, which prevents rotation of the chimney 3 (figure 1) relative to its longitudinal axis and reduce the magnitude of the force due to the force moment from the weight of the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4, per one spring, which will reduce by half the stiffness of the corresponding sections of the spring 9 (figure 1) and increase the accuracy of setting the heat generator units involved in the process of transferring the heat generator to the marching (transport) position. During the rotation of the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4, the mechanical analogue of which can be taken a rod rotating relative to the hinge 5 (figure 1) or the hinge assembly, consisting of elements 17 - 19 (figure 2), through the traverse 20 on the chimney 3 have the force effect of the springs 21, 23, 25, 27, the value of which will increase as the chimney 3 rotates and the springs deform. In this case, at the beginning of the rotation of the chimney 3, the spring 21 will be subjected to the most severe compression, although the remaining springs will also be subject to deformation, but to a lesser extent. After selecting the stroke (length) of compression of the spring 21, the traverse 20 comes into contact with the end face of the cup-case 22, acting on which the force is exerted on the spring 23, which is compressed and the cup-case 22 enters inside it. After choosing the amount of compression of the spring 23, corresponding to the contact of the traverse 20 with the end of the glass-case 24, and then through the bottom of the glass-case 24 the spring 25 will be compressed. , in which the glass-case 23 enters the inside of the spring 27, which is compressed in the cavity of the glass-case 28. When the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4 reaches a horizontal position, the pipe 3 comes into contact with the lodgement 10 (figure 1), its position is fixed on the lodgement latch, not shown in figure 1 and figure 2.

After fixing the position of the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger in the cradle 10 is removed from the transport base supports, which are not shown in Fig.1 and fmg.2. After removing the force impact of the winch 7 through the cable 6 on the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4 (figure 1) the heat generator is ready for transportation.

3. Deployment of the heat generator on the working platform and transfer it to the working position.

After selecting a site for deploying the heat generator, it is leveled, after which a transport base with a heat generator is installed on the site, which is hung on cantilever supports, by analogy with how a crane is hung on such supports. After that, the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4 is ready for lifting. To do this, the winch 7 is pulling the cable 6 to open the latch holding the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4 on the cradle 10 (figure 1). After opening the latch, bleed winch 7 cable 6 due to the elastic forces created by the spring 9 (figure 1), or rather the spring elements or springs 27,25,23,21 (fig. 2) is the rise of the pipe 3 with the heat exchanger 4 in the vertical position. At the same time, the springs of the verticalization node (the lifting-lowering node) of the chimney work in the reverse order to the lowering process (figure 2).

When the chimney 3 with the heat exchanger 4 reaches a vertical position, after complete contact of the flanges 14 and 15 (Fig. 1), the flanges of its position are fixed with a special latch, which is not shown in Fig. 1 and FIG. 2. After hanging the transport base on the supports and installing wind extensions on the pipe, which are not shown in figure 1 and figure 2, and connecting the inlet and outlet pipelines to the heat generator, it is ready for operation.

установки пластин-экранов 34 (фиг. 3), обеспечивающего не только полноту сгорания топлива, но и тепловую защиту внутренней поверхности дымовой трубы 3. При этом, для увеличения поступления воздуха в зону горения вблизи осевой зоны, подача воздуха может быть дополнительно организована через отверстия, выполненные в днище топки-основания 2 (фиг.2).Before the direct operation of heat generators, it is necessary to carry out its adjustment, which is performed based on the expected performance of the heat generator (heating temperature of the liquid heated in the heat generator, heat generator performance, based on the energy parameters of the fuel). These parameters will determine the nature of the air supply to the heat generator cavity, in particular, determine the angle

installation of screen plates 34 (Fig. 3), which provides not only the completeness of fuel combustion, but also thermal protection of the inner surface of the chimney 3. At the same time, to increase the air supply to the combustion zone near the axial zone, the air supply can be additionally organized through the holes made in the bottom of the furnace-base 2 (figure 2).

Thus, a structural layout diagram of a mobile heat generator is proposed, consisting of two main units (two sections) connected to each other by means of a hinge, which allows these units to be rotated relative to each other in a plane. One of the heat generator nodes is a furnace node located at the base of the heat generator, and the second node is a chimney with a heat exchanger installed on it. To reduce the environmentally harmful impact of flue gases produced by the heat generator on the environment, it is necessary to increase the length of the chimney, which complicates the task of relocating (transporting) the heat generator. Giving the chimney a horizontal position will significantly increase the mobility of the proposed heat generator. To raise and lower the chimney, it is proposed to introduce a mechanism for raising it to a vertical position and lowering it to a horizontal position, which is based on spring elements. And in order to organize efficient fuel combustion and heating of the working medium in the heat exchanger, as well as to cool the chimney, two air flows are organized in the heat generator: one through the holes in the bottom of the furnace unit (base furnace), and the other through the tangential air supply through the gate windows at the base of the heat generator (at the base of the furnace unit).

Taken together, the features of the heat generator listed above are new.

List of sources used

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2454611, 06/27/2012, OAO Tatneft.

2. Patent for utility model No. 118400. 20.07.2012.

3. RF patent for the invention No. 2591759. Heat generator / D.V. Arsibekov, V.V. Short. IPC F 24 H 1/00. Published 07/20/2016. Bull. No. 20.

4. RF patent for invention No. 2615301. Universal heat generator / V.V. Short. IPC F 24 H 1/06; F 24 H 1/14; F 24 H 3/08$ F 23 L 15/04. – Published. 04/04/2017, bul. No. 10.

Claims (1)

Heat generator consisting of a furnace section in which a burner with a fuel supply channel is installed, and a section representing a chimney with a heat exchanger installed on it with a coolant supply pipeline, and configured to be connected to the fuel supply system to the burner and to the supply system and removal of the coolant into the pipeline, characterized in that, to ensure the mobility of the heat generator, it is installed on a transport base, and its constituent sections are connected to each other by means of a hinge assembly, elements of two spring assemblies are fixed on the chimney, designed to compensate for the force moment from the weight of the chimney when it is rotated, while when the pipe is rotated to a horizontal position, one of the nodes works in tension, and the other in compression, and the compression node contains two elastic elements consisting of series-connected sections with springs of different stiffness; the heat generator also contains a lodgement for fixing the chimney in a horizontal position; air is supplied to the heat generator cavity tangentially through gate windows located at the bottom of the furnace section with screens - plates that provide rotational and translational air movement along the heat generator ducts, and through holes made in the bottom of the furnace section.

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