RU2614003C2 - Method for complex ash processing of heat power plants waste piles and plant for complex ash processing of heat power plants waste piles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: complex ash processing method of heat power plants waste piles includes the separating of ash pulp into the coarse and fine fractions, flotation, and magnetic separation to obtain the target products. The coarse fractions of ash are separated on the screens for using in the production of concrete mixtures. Ash fine fractions and subjected to the main and cleaner flotation, filtration and drying, to obtain a carbon concentrate. The separated at the primary flotation the tail fractions are subjected to magnetic separation and drying to obtain magnetite and silica-alumina concentrate. The aluminosilicate concentrate is grounded in the ball mill upto the fine fraction, filtered and dried. During the primary flotation the collector-kerosine and pine oil is used as the blowing agent. The cleaner flotation is carried out on the return water. The method is carried out on the complex ash processing plant of heat power plants waste piles, containing the means for separating the ash pulp into the coarse and fine fractions, as well as flotation and magnetic separation to obtain the target products. The ash pulp separator is designed as the screen, which outlet of the coarse fraction is connected to the inlet of the first section for the production of concrete mixtures. The screen outlet of the fine fraction is connected to the first flotation machine inlet for the main flotation, the first outlet of which is connected through the second machine of the cleaner flotation, filtration and drying units with the the second section inlet for the coal concentrate storing. The second outlet of the first flotation machine is connected with the first inlet of magnetic separation unit, the first outlet of which is connected through the drain silo with the third section inlet for the magnetite concentrate storing. The second outlet of the magnetic separation unit is connected through the thickener and drying units with the third section inlet for the aluminosilicate concentrate storing. The drain silo outlet of water is connected to the second inlet of the magnetic separation unit.

EFFECT: fullest recovery from the wet ash waste piles of power heating plant of the target useful products in the form of ash coarse fraction for the concrete mixtures production, carbon for using as a boiler fuel, magnetite concentrate as a raw material for the metal industry and active aluminium silicate additive for construction materials productions.

5 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, specifically to a method and installation for the integrated processing of ash dumps of thermal power plants. The complex use of the main components of ash and slag waste (carbon, magnetic minerals, aluminosilicates) located in the wet ash and slag dumps of thermal power plants is becoming a priority for obtaining valuable products of ash processing for many industries and the national economy.

From RU 2257267, 07.27.2005, a method for processing fly ash of thermal power plants is known, which results in the production of microspheres used as fillers for building materials and light cements, in particular (1). The method includes obtaining aluminosilicate microspheres from an aqueous suspension of fly ash of thermal power plants.

The method includes hydroseparation of an aqueous suspension in an ash pond, removal of surfaced microspheres, their dehydration and drying. Dehydration of aluminosilicate microspheres is carried out in porous containers by filtering water through openings with sizes not exceeding 10 microns. Drying of the microspheres is carried out in an air stream in a rotating drum, the outlet of which is shielded with a mesh with a hole size of not more than 10 microns.

During natural hydroseparation in a large volume of a reservoir, hollow microspheres are concentrated on the surface of the water with a layer thickness of 30-50 cm. All impurities settle to the bottom of the reservoir, including small impurities and unburned carbon particles. Thus, the cleaning of hollow microspheres of impurities and destroyed microspheres occurs. When implementing the method, I will remove the microspheres (emerging) from the surface of the reservoir using an ejector pump: the ejector pump is equipped with a filter. Wet microspheres along the drain sleeve enter the containers for dehydration, which are made of porous fabric. After dehydration, the microspheres are sent for drying to the rotating drums, and then to the sieving by fractions in three-section rotating drums.

Thus, the final target product of this known method for processing fly ash of thermal power plants is only aluminosilicate microspheres, which is a disadvantage of this method, because as a result of such processing, coal that can be used as fuel is not isolated as other possible target products, and other target products are not isolated from so-called other impurities, including ashes, microspheres with a density of more than 1000 kg / m ³ .

From another well-known source of information RU 2343984, January 20, 2009, another method is known for processing fly ash of thermal power plants, the main target product of which is carbon used as fuel (2). The method includes adding water to the fly ash of the TPP, with the formation of a suspension, adding a collector (for example, kerosene). A suspension with a collector is fed into an immersion mixer having a plurality of chambers and a mixing blade. Using a submersible mixer, shear is applied to the suspension and collector. Add a blowing agent. Unburned carbon is removed by flotation. With the help of flotation, separation and separation of effective carbon from the initial suspension of fly ash from the CHPP takes place. Particles of fly ash of thermal power plants are separated from genuine fly ash and become the tail fraction of flotation. Water from a fly ash suspension after flotation separation using a solid-liquid separator can be reused to add fly ash to a new suspension. In the remaining after flotation separation, the content of unburned carbon is up to 1% wt. or lower and such fly ash of the CHPP can be used as an additive to cement. A method for processing fly ash of thermal power plants is carried out using a device containing, as the main structural elements, a tank for fly ash of thermal power plants, a slurry tank, a submersible mixer, a flotation machine, a solid-liquid separator, a dryer, and a filter press.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide a complete integrated processing of fly ash of the TPP, but mainly relates to the production of unburned carbon used as fuel.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a combined method of processing fly ash fly ash from coal-fired power plants to produce aluminosilicate, carbon and magnetic fractions from it, including iron-containing microspheres. This well-known technical solution is described in RU 142957, 07/10/2014 (3).

In this source, the combined processing method is presented as a system for processing fly ash from a CHP plant.

At the same time there is also described a device that is used to implement the method.

Let us consider in more detail the technical solutions described in this source of information.

Known from RU 142957 a combined processing method includes the following stages:

- separation of ash into light and heavy fractions in a separating medium (magnetic and non-magnetic fractions) (electrodynamic separation);

- rubbing residual magnetic fraction and hydraulic classification of the magnetic fraction;

- filtering the magnetic (heavy) fraction on a vacuum filter;

- drying it in a drum dryer;

- classification of the magnetic fraction by size;

- flotation separation of the non-magnetic (light) fraction into aluminosilicate and carbon-containing products.

Known from RU 142957, the device is a system of structures (devices) interconnected and designed to implement the above processes that make up the processing method.

The system for processing fly ash of thermal power plants comprises a loading hopper equipped with means for feeding ash to the inlet of the first device for electrodynamic separation of ash in a downward separating medium into magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. The first output of the device in magnetic fraction is connected via series-connected second device for rubbing the residual non-magnetic fraction, the third device for hydraulic classification of the magnetic fraction in the ascending separating medium, the fourth device for filtering the magnetic fraction in a belt vacuum filter and the fifth device for drying it in a drum dryer with the input of the sixth device for dry classification of the magnetic fraction on the sieves according to size range. The outputs of the device for dry classification of the magnetic fraction on the sieves are connected to the inputs of the magnetic separators, made in the form of vertical separation columns equipped with magnetic traps for classifying magnetic microspheres by diameter. Each of the magnetic traps can be configured to control the magnetic field in the working volume of the magnetic separator column. In this case, the second output of the first device in a non-magnetic fraction is connected to the input of the seventh standard type device for flotation separation of the non-magnetic fraction into carbon-containing and aluminosilicate products.

The first device for electrodynamic separation of ash is made in the form of an inclined conveyor with an endless conveyor belt mounted on the upper driving and lower driven drums with the ability to move the working section of the conveyor belt from the bottom up and supply the separating medium in the form of water to the top, and ash from the loading hopper to the bottom the working part of the conveyor belt. The lower driven drum of the inclined conveyor is made hollow of dielectric material, inside of which is placed a magnetic rotor with the possibility of independent rotation. The loading hopper at the exit is equipped with an inclined tray for uniform feeding of ash in a dry or wet state to the conveyor belt. The device has nozzle nozzles for uniform water supply to the conveyor belt, electric motors of the drives of the driving drum and magnetic rotor. It is also equipped with receiving bins for collecting magnetic and non-magnetic fractions.

A device for rubbing residual non-magnetic fraction is a container filled with industrial water and equipped with a mixing device. The input of the device is connected to the output of the receiving hopper for collecting the magnetic fraction, and the output of the device is connected to the input of the device for hydraulic classification of the magnetic fraction in the ascending separation medium. The device is a fluidized bed hydroseparator, consisting of a tank filled with water. In the lower part of the tank there is a perforated bottom for supplying an upward flow of purified water and channels for outputting a heavy magnetic fraction. In the upper part of the device’s tank, there is a receiving pipe connected to the output pipe of the device for scrubbing the residual non-magnetic fraction, and also an output pipe for outputting the light fraction in the form suspension, the remaining part of the non-magnetic fraction.

The output of the third device is connected to the input of the fourth device for filtering the magnetic fraction in a known manner on a belt vacuum filter, after which the dried magnetic fraction is fed to the input of the fifth device, made in the form of a drum dryer, for final drying. The output of the device is connected to the input of the sixth device for dry classification of the magnetic fraction on several types of sieves of various sizes. The outputs of the device after each of the screens are connected to the inputs of the separation columns with magnetic traps for classifying magnetic microspheres by diameter.

As a result of the implementation of the known method receive three types of products, for example:

A carbon product containing,% wt .: carbon 49-51; Al ₂ O ₃ 15,5; SiO ₂ 24.0; Fe ₂ O ₃ 5.5; average particle diameter of 51 microns, median section 37 microns; yield of carbon concentrate 6.8%; carbon recovery in concentrate 68.2%. A magnetite concentrate containing,% by mass: Fe ₂ O ₃ 62.6; Al ₂ O ₃ 12.5; SiO ₂ 29.0; 0.5% carbon; fractional composition: <10 microns - 2.6%; 10-40 microns - 28.0%, 40-100 microns - 39%; > 100 μm - 29%; the average diameter of magnetite balls is 86 microns, the median section is 30 microns; density 3.4-3.8 g / cm ³ ; specific surface area 1.05 m ² / g, phase composition: magnetite, hematite, wustite, glass phase, mullite, quartz; yield of magnetite concentrate 6%; iron recovery in concentrate 64%.

An aluminosilicate product containing,% by mass: Al ₂ O ₃ 29.2; SiO ₂ 58.3; Fe ₂ O ₃ 1,1; 1.26 carbon; fractional composition: <10 microns - 21%; 10-40 microns - 40%; 40-100 microns - 29%; > 100 μm - 10%, average particle diameter of ash 49 μm; the median section is 30 microns, a density of 2.0-2.2 g / cm ³ ; specific surface area 1.98 cm ² / g; phase composition: glass phase (76%), mullite (17%), cristobalite (5%), magnetite (1%).

Example. Classifications were subjected to 26 kg of fly ash of the Kashirskaya state district power station, containing, wt%: Al ₂ O ₃ 21.5; SiO ₂ 50.0; Fe ₂ O ₃ 7.44; 13.0 carbon, fractional composition: <10 μm -11.3%; 10-40 microns - 26.9%; 40-100 microns - 29.2%; > 100 μm - 32.6%; the average diameter of the particles of ash is 86.2 microns; median section - 57.3 microns; density 2.2-2.5 g / cm ³ ; specific surface area 1.9-2.2 m ² / g; phase composition: glass phase, glaucophane, mullite, quartz, magnetite, hematite, wustite.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions include the incomplete separation of ash components into fractions for one processing cycle and the complexity or impossibility of a complete complex processing of ash from dumps of thermal power plants.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the elimination of these shortcomings and the most complete extraction from wet ash dumps of TPPs of useful target products in the form of a large fraction of ash for the production of concrete mixtures, carbon (coal underburning) for use as boiler fuel, magnetite concentrate as a raw material for metallurgy and active aluminosilicate additives for the production of building materials.

The specified technical result is achieved by a group of inventions.

One of the inventions of the group is a method for the integrated processing of ash from heaps of thermal power plants, including the separation of ash pulp into coarse and fine fractions, flotation and magnetic separation to obtain the target products, which consists in the fact that a large ash fraction is separated on a screen for use in the production of concrete mixtures, and the fine ash fraction is subjected to main and reverse flotation, filtration and drying to obtain carbon concentrate, the tail fractions separated during the main flotation are subjected to magnetic c separation and drying, and get magnetite and aluminosilicate concentrates, then the aluminosilicate concentrate is crushed in a ball mill to a finely divided fraction, filtered and dried, while the main flotation uses a collector - kerosene and pine oil as a blowing agent, and clean flotation is carried out in recycled water without adding flotation reagents to obtain the finished carbon concentrate.

This set of essential features is necessary and sufficient for any use of the method.

However, according to the applicant, it is most efficient to separate a large fraction with a particle size larger than 200 microns and a small fraction with a particle size of 200 microns or less.

Note: the coarse fraction includes all fractions with a particle size larger than 200 microns, and the fine fraction includes all fractions all fractions with a particle size of 200 microns or less.

This is due to the fact that, according to production practice, fractions larger than 200 microns are poorly flotated.

As for the feature that aluminosilicate concentrate is crushed in a ball mill to a fraction of not more than 20 microns, the feasibility of this is due to the fact that thin classes are used to produce ultra-strong concrete and it has been empirically established that it is fractions with particle sizes of 20 microns and about to the greatest extent provide heavy-duty concrete.

In the inventive method, the carbon concentrate is a product containing more than 60 wt.% Carbon as the main component; In addition to carbon, carbon concentrate contains impurities of ash particles containing oxides of silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, titanium, etc. Its composition is given in the example (see table. 1).

A magnetite concentrate is a product represented by 65-85% magnetite microspheres (balls) mixed with non-magnetic ash particles containing oxides of silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, titanium, etc. Its composition is given in the example (see table. 2).

Aluminosilicate concentrate is a product containing, as the main components, oxides of silicon and aluminum, which together comprise 85-90% and an admixture of oxides of iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium, etc., constituting 10-15% by weight of aluminosilicate concentrate. The residual carbon content in the aluminosilicate product is 1-3.6%, which is less than the standard of 5%, which meets the quality requirements for ash products used in the production of cement (TU 3470-10347-81), aerated concrete (TU 21-31-2- 83), road coverings (BCH 185-75), etc. The composition of the aluminosilicate product is shown in the example.

The resulting products are concentrates, because the content of the target components in them is 5-8 times higher than their content in the initial ash supplied for processing.

In this application, the term ash pulp is understood to mean an aqueous suspension of TPP ash with an ash: water ratio of 1: (3-10)

A coarse fraction is understood to mean a product that remains in a screen with a particle size larger than 200 μm, not screened through a screen with a mesh size of 200 μm.

The fine fraction refers to the product screened on a screen through a grid with a mesh size of 200 microns.

By flotation flotation is meant flotation of the main flotation concentrate in recycled water in order to increase the carbon content in the final carbon concentrate.

The tail fraction refers to the chamber product of the main carbon flotation, which is sent to the extraction of magnetite concentrate.

This embodiment of the method of complex processing of ash from dumps of thermal power plants provides, firstly, a relatively simple hydromechanical production of ash fractions +200 μm for the production of concrete mixtures (that is, obtaining large fractions of ash that remain in the screen with a particle size larger than 200 μm and then sent to production of concrete mixtures).

The use of the main and recycle flotation of the ash fraction - 200 microns (i.e., small fractions of ash screened on a sieve through a grating with a mesh size of 200 microns) makes it possible to obtain a significant amount of carbon concentrate at relatively low cost, and processing the tail fractions of the main flotation by magnetic separation provides obtaining high-quality magnetite and aluminosilicate concentrates.

However, the applicant considers it particularly important that other sizes of large and small fractions are possible.

The implementation of the proposed method is provided by the installation for the integrated processing of ash from heaps of thermal power plants, containing means for separating ash pulp into large and small fractions, as well as flotation and magnetic separation to obtain the target products, and according to the invention, the ash pulp separator is made in the form of a screen, output which in large fraction is connected to the inlet of the first section for the production of concrete mixtures, the output of the screen in small fractions is connected to the inlet of the first flotation machine for I am the main flotation unit, the first output of which is connected through a second re-flotation machine, filtration and drying units with the input of the second section for storing coal concentrate, and the second output of the first flotation machine is connected to the first input of the magnetic separation unit, the first output of which is connected through the drainage silo to the input the third section for storing magnetite concentrate, and the second output of the magnetic separation unit is connected via thickener and drying units with the input of the third section for storing aluminum silicate concentrate, and the outlet of the drainage silo through water is connected to the second input of the magnetic separation unit.

This embodiment of the installation for the integrated processing of ash from dumps of thermal power plants also ensures the achievement of the specified technical result when using relatively inexpensive technological equipment.

The above set of essential features is necessary and sufficient for any use of the device.

However, according to the applicant, the greatest efficiency is achieved if the coarse fraction has a particle size of more than 200 microns (Note: the coarse fraction includes all fractions with a particle size larger than 200 microns), and the fine fraction has a particle size of 200 microns or less (Note: fine fractions include all fractions with a particle size of 200 microns or less).

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the proposed installation for the integrated processing of ash dumps of thermal power plants.

The method is illustrated by the example of an installation for the integrated processing of ash from heaps of thermal power plants for the case when the coarse fraction has a particle size of more than 200 microns (hereinafter, the conditional reduction is applied: (+200 microns), and the fine fraction has a particle size of 200 microns or less (further, reduction: (-200 microns).

The installation contains a separator of pulp of ash, which is an aqueous suspension of ash TPP, made in the form of a screen 1.

The output of screen 1 by fraction (+200 μm) (i.e. larger than 200 μm) is connected to the input of the first section 2 for the production of concrete mixtures, the output of screen 1 by fraction (-200 μm) (i.e. 200 μm or less) is connected to the input of the first flotation machine 3 for the main flotation, the first output of which is connected through the second machine 4 for reverse flotation, filtration and drying units 5, 6 with the input of the second section 7 for storing coal concentrate, and the second output of the first flotation machine 3 is connected to the first input of the magnetic separation unit 8 whose first output is soy dinene through a drainage silo 9 with the input of the third section 10 for storing magnetite concentrate, and the second output of the magnetic separation unit 8 is connected via thickener and drying blocks 11, 12 with the inlet of the third section 13 for storing aluminosilicate concentrate, and the outlet of the drainage silo 9 is connected via water to the second input of the magnetic separation unit 8. Positions 14 and 15 indicate the blocks for feeding the collector and blowing agent in the first flotation machine 3.

To perform these tasks, ash and slag waste is transported from ash dumps to a wet screening unit, the suspension is divided into two classes: (+200 μm) (i.e. larger than 200 μm) and (-200 μm) (i.e. 200 μm or less). Classes (+200 μm) (i.e. larger than 200 μm), consisting mainly of particles of slag, are removed from the process in the form of a slag product suitable for the production of concrete mixtures. The yield of classes (+200 μm) is 7-10%.

Classes (-200 μm) (i.e. 200 μm or less), which are an ash fraction with a ratio in the pulp T: L = 1 - (2.8 ÷ 3.2) (T - means solid fraction, L - means liquid phase ), sent to the allocation of carbon (underburning of coal) by flotation. The pulp is subjected to agitation, i.e. stirring the pulp until flotation reagents are fed into it for 3-5 minutes, add 5-8 kg per 1 ton of ash collector (kerosene) and mix 3-5 minutes, add a blowing agent (pine oil) 0.3-0.5 kg per 1 ton of ash and subjected to carbon primary flotation when air is supplied in a chamber flotation machine for 3-5 minutes. The carbon concentrate is subjected to recycle flotation on circulating water in the presence of air without adding flotation reagents, the carbon pulp is filtered on a belt filter and dried. Water (filtrate) containing residual reagents is returned to the main flotation. The intermediate product of flotation flotation is combined with the initial ash suspension and returned to the main flotation. The yield of flotation carbon concentrate is 12-20%, which is removed from the process as an independent product and sent to thermal power plants as boiler fuel.

The flotation tailings are directed to magnetic separation, magnetite concentrate is separated, which is sent to a drainage silo for dehydration. Magnetite concentrate with a content of ~ 1% moisture is removed from the process as an independent product and sent to ferrous metallurgy. The yield of magnetite concentrate is 7-8%. Drainage water is returned to magnetic separation.

Aluminosilicate tails of magnetic separation containing less than 5% carbon and 2-3% iron oxides are finely ground to classes less than 20 microns, filtered on a filter press and dried to a moisture content of less than 1%. Grinding to classes less than 20 microns is carried out in a ball mill in order to activate inert silicate balls and glass phase, which make up ~ 80% of the ash. Thanks to fine grinding, fresh surfaces of the glass phase are opened and it becomes a raw material for the production of cement and building materials. Get aluminosilicate decarburized and iron-free product - an active mineral additive for use in the construction industry.

Performing technological operations in the described sequence allows one to obtain four products from ash and slag waste located in ash dumps: large classes (+200 μm) (i.e. larger than 200 μm), carbon concentrate, magnetite concentrate and aluminosilicate active mineral additive.

Example 1

Classifications were subjected to 30 kg of ash and slag material, containing, wt%: SiO ₂ 50.0-54.0; Al ₂ O ₃ 21.5-24.0; Fe ₂ O ₃ 7.4-8.1; underburning 12-16; CaO + MgO 3.1-3.3; Na ₂ O + K ₂ O 1.5-1.9; other 2-4; fractional composition (+200 μm) (i.e. larger than 200 μm) 9.3%, (-200 μm) (i.e. 200 μm or less) - 90.7%; density 2.2-2.4 g / cm ³ ; specific surface area 1.87-2.12 m ² / g; mineralogical composition: glass phase, glaucophane, mullite, quartz, magnetite, hematite, amorphized aluminosilicate substance.

As a result of sequential operations, 4 products were obtained: slag phase, carbon concentrate, magnetite concentrate, aluminosilicate product.

The first product is a slag phase containing,% wt .: SiO ₂ 53.0-57.0; Al ₂ O ₃ 22.0-25.0; Fe ₂ O ₃ 8.5-9.7; incomplete burn 1-2%; CaO + MgO 3.5-3.6; Na ₂ O + K ₂ O 1.6-2.0; other 2-4; fractional composition of 0.2-5.5 cm; density 2.2-2.4 g / cm ³ . Product yield = 9.1-10.2%.

An ash fraction of size (-200 μm) (i.e. 200 μm or less) was floated at various reagent costs to produce carbon concentrates and flotation tailings (table 1). The second product is carbon flotation concentrate: carbon content = 67-68%, ash content 32-33%, average particle size = 77 μm, specific surface area = 3.63 m ² / g, product yield 8-15%, carbon recovery = 78 -90%. Flotation reagents are spent only on the main flotation, purification flotation is carried out on recycled water without adding reagents. The duration of the main flotation is 5 minutes, recycle flotation is 3-4 minutes. Flotation tails with a carbon content of 1.64%, an ash content of 98.36%, an average particle size of 67.1 microns have a specific surface area of 0.832 - 1.08 m ² / g.

The optimal consumption of reagents: kerosene 7-8 kg / t, pine oil 0.35-0.5 kg / t. The carbon content in concentrates is 67-68%, the yield of concentrates is 8-15%, the carbon content in the flotation tailings of 1.08 - 3.60% satisfies the requirements of the construction industry for fillers. limited to 5% C. For kerosene less than 5 kg / t and pine oil less than 0.3 kg / t (table 1, concentrates 4 and 5), the yield of concentrates is reduced to 4.5-6.6%, carbon recovery is reduced to 46-67%, the carbon content in concentrates decreases to 60-63%, the carbon content in the flotation tailings increases to 5.3% and exceeds the construction industry's requirement for fillers, limited to 5% C. Kerosene consumption is more than 10-11 kg / t, and pine oil more than 0.6 kg / t is not economically feasible. Carbon flotation concentrates from ash and slag waste from TPPs are shown in Table 1.

Magnetite concentrate - the third product is obtained from carbon flotation tailings containing 8.2% Fe ₂ O ₃ (total) using magnetic separation on an electrodynamic belt separator designed by Ecopromprocessing LLC. The obtained magnetite concentrate is a collection of magnetite balls and contains,% wt .: Fe ₂ O ₃ 66.6; SiO ₂ 16.8; 0.5 carbon; other components 16.1%; the average diameter of magnetite balls is 78 microns (from -20 microns to 150 microns), the median section is 30 microns; density 3.8-4.1 g / cm ³ ; specific surface area 0.5 m ² / g; phase composition: magnetite, hematite, wustite, glass phase, quartz; yield of magnetite concentrate 8%; recovery of iron in concentrate 54%. Iron recovery is 51.9%. In the graded bead fractions of magnetite concentrate fractions, the content of Fe ₂ O ₃ is 68-72.4% of the mass. (table 2, products No. 4-8).

The content of Fe ₂ O ₃ and SiO ₂ in magnetic concentrates - products of the classification of magnetite concentrate by the size of the balls are shown in Table 2.

The fourth is an aluminosilicate product, represents the tails of magnetic separation, containing,% mass .: SiO ₂ 56,0-58,3; Al ₂ O ₃ 23.0-25.5; Fe ₂ O ₃ 1.1-3.1; 1.08-3.60 carbon; fractional composition: less than 10 microns - 21-30%: 10-40 microns - 35-40%; 40-100 microns - 29-32%; more than 100 microns - 10%; the average particle diameter of the product is 70.4 microns, the median section is 43.4 microns; density 2.0-2.2 g / cm ³ ; specific surface area 1.98-2.02 cm ² / g; phase composition: glass phase, calcium and magnesium aluminosilicates, mullite, quartz. In an aluminosilicate product ground in a ball mill to -20 μm, the specific surface increases to 25-28 m ² / g. This product is an active mineral supplement for the construction industry.

The proposed technical solution provides for the integrated processing of fly ash from a thermal power station. The results of the pilot tests suggest the possibility of creating highly efficient industries that provide integrated processing of fly ash of thermal power plants. The main devices and assemblies of the proposed system for processing fly ash of thermal power plants have been successfully tested at the experimental base of the Institute for Optical Technology and Optics.

Selective extraction of these products using the proposed technical solution improves the efficiency of integrated waste management of coal TPPs up to 98%, and also improves environmental safety in connection with the possibility of eliminating ash dumps through their secondary use.

Sources of information taken into account:

1. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2257267, published. 07/27/2005.

2. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2343984, published. 01/20/2009.

3. Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 142957, published. 07/10/2014 (prototype for the method and device).

Claims (5)

1. A method for the integrated processing of ash from heaps of thermal power plants, including the separation of ash pulp into coarse and fine fractions, flotation and magnetic separation to obtain the target products, which consists in the fact that a large fraction of ash is separated on a screen for use in the production of concrete mixtures, a small fraction of ash subjected to main and clean flotation, filtration and drying to obtain carbon concentrate; tail fractions separated during main flotation are subjected to magnetic separation and drying to obtain magnetito high and aluminosilicate concentrates, then the aluminosilicate concentrate is crushed in a ball mill to a finely divided fraction, filtered and dried, while the main flotation uses collector-kerosene and pine oil as a blowing agent, and clean flotation is carried out in recycled water. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that a large fraction is separated with a particle size larger than 200 microns, and a small fraction with a particle size of 200 microns or less, and the aluminosilicate concentrate is ground in a ball mill to a fraction of not more than 20 microns. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the aluminosilicate concentrate is ground in a ball mill to a fraction of not more than 20 microns. 4. Installation for the integrated processing of ash dumps of thermal power plants, containing means for separating ash pulp into coarse and fine fractions, as well as flotation and magnetic separation to obtain the target products, characterized in that the ash pulp separator is made in the form of a screen, the output of which is large fraction is connected to the inlet of the first section for the production of concrete mixtures, the output of the screen in small fractions is connected to the inlet of the first flotation machine for the main flotation, the first exit of which is connected through the second m a flotation cleaner bus, filtration and drying units with an inlet of a second section for storing coal concentrate, and a second outlet of a first flotation machine is connected to a first inlet of a magnetic separation unit, a first outlet of which is connected through a drainage silo to an inlet of a third section for storing magnetite concentrate, the second outlet the magnetic separation unit is connected through thickening and drying units to the inlet of the third section for storing aluminosilicate concentrate, and the outlet of the drainage silo through water is connected n to a second input of the magnetic separation. 5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the coarse fraction has a particle size of more than 200 microns, and the fine fraction has a particle size of 200 microns or less.

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