RU2612780C2 - Saline composition for desalted water mineralisation (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to potable water production methods and can be used in food industry, dietetics, medicine, engineering, agriculture and other fields. Saline composition contains sulphates of magnesium, zinc and calcium as well as potassium iodide and edible sea salt. As per the one of versions the saline composition is used as powder, as per another version - as solutions.

EFFECT: invention allows for the improvement of body defences and reduction of likelihood of diseases concerned with metabolic disturbance.

2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to a technology for the production of drinking water and can be used in the food industry, nutrition, in medicine, technology, agriculture and other sectors of the economy.

It is known that the entire population of our planet uses fresh water as drinking water. Water whose salinity does not exceed 1 g / l (0.1%) is called fresh.

However, the reserves of fresh water on Earth are not large and are insufficient to meet the needs of the national economy.

In an effort to meet the needs of society for fresh water in many countries, desalination plants have been built for sea water and other waters with a high salt content.

Obviously, due to their high salinity, they are unsuitable for the needs of humans, animals and plants without additional processing.

Desalted water is also produced in large quantities during the post-treatment of waters with increased salinity and pollution caused by human, animal and technological disaster processes.

However, demineralized water is of limited use in engineering, agriculture, and other sectors of the national economy and is practically not used as drinking, that is, in nutrition and food industry due to the fact that their physicochemical properties do not meet the requirements for drinking water destination.

In most countries of the world, the salt content in drinking water is considered optimal if the amount of salts in it is 200 ... 500 mg / l.

At the same time, waters are considered physiologically complete, which in their composition contain the following macro- and microelements in certain quantities: potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iodine, fluorine.

The presence in drinking water of many other micro- and sub-microelements, such as copper, zinc, iron, chromium, lithium and others, is also considered useful and necessary.

Currently, methods for the preparation of artificially mineralized drinking water (US patent No. 5786006; RF patent No. 2051125, etc.), which provide for the saline demineralization of salts necessary for humans, have gained distribution.

Mineralized water prepared using the salt compositions described in the above patents is also not physiologically complete, but has a therapeutic effect and cannot be recommended for a wide range of consumers.

Known salt composition for mineralization of demineralized water described in the patent of Ukraine No. 106540.

It contains the following salts: magnesium sulfate (MgSO ₄ ), calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium sulfate (K ₂ SO ₄ ), potassium iodide (KJ), zinc sulfate (ZnSO ₄ ) and sulfate chromium (Cr ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ ).

By the totality of the features, this salt composition is selected as a prototype.

The salt composition described in patent No. 106540, and the claimed composition have the following common features (components):

- magnesium sulfate (MgSO ₄ );

- zinc sulfate (ZnSO ₄ );

- potassium iodide (KJ);

- calcium salt.

However, the salt composition of the prototype does not provide a high level of protective functions of the human body, which leads to an increase in the likelihood of diseases associated with metabolic disorders.

This is due to the qualitative and quantitative composition of the salt composition of the prototype.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a salt composition for the salinity of demineralized water, in which by introducing into the composition of the salt marine food, replacing calcium chloride with calcium sulfate, and also a different mass ratio of the components to provide the salt composition with properties that increase the level of protective functions of the human body and reducing the likelihood of diseases associated with metabolic disorders.

The relevance of the task is confirmed by long-term observations and studies of scientists, as a result of which it was found that many diseases are associated with insufficient levels of certain macro- and microelements in the human body (see, for example, sources: Nozdryukhina, L.R. .R. Nozdryukhina, EM Neyko, IP Vanjura - M .: Nauka, 1985; Skalny, A.V. Microelements for your health / A.V. Skalny - Publishing House ONIX 21 Century, 2003 . - 238 s).

The problem is solved by two variants of the salt composition for the salinity of demineralized water.

In the first embodiment, the task is solved by the salt composition for mineralization of demineralized water in the form of a mixture containing powdered magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide and calcium salt, in that, unlike the prototype, it additionally contains sea food salt, and as a salt calcium contains calcium sulfate, in the following ratio of these components, wt. %:

 magnesium sulfate 49.0 ... 68.0  calcium sulfate 11.7 ... 14.8  zinc sulfate 0.68 ... 1.1  potassium iodide 0.02 ... 0.04  sea food salt 19.48 ... 36.0

In the second embodiment, the problem is solved by a salt composition in the form of an aqueous solution containing magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide and calcium salt, characterized in that it additionally contains sea food salt, and as calcium salt contains calcium sulfate, in the following ratio components, mg / l of demineralized water:

 magnesium sulfate 90.0 ... 240.0  calcium sulfate 27.0 ... 41.0  zinc sulfate 2.0 ... 2.5  potassium iodide 0.06 ... 0.07  sea food salt 64.0 ... 68.0

The difference between the claimed salt composition and the known technical solutions that we have taken into account, and the prototype is the presence of sea salt in it, as well as the replacement of calcium chloride with calcium sulfate and the quantitative content of salts in it.

Also new is the implementation of the salt composition in two versions:

I - in the form of a mixture containing the above salts in the form of crystalline powders;

II - in the form of aqueous solutions of these salts.

In sea salt contains a significantly larger number of vital elements and substances compared with the number of components contained in known salt compositions and in the prototype.

Sea salt in its composition, in addition to macroelements, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, contains more than fifty micro and sub microelements, including copper, iron, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine, silicon, chromium, fluorine and many others.

) - 7,68; магний (Mg²⁺) - 3,68; кальций (Са²⁺) - 1,18; калий (К⁺) - 1,11; гидрокарбонаты (

) - 0,41; бром (Br^-) - 0,19; бораты (

) - 0,08; стронций (Sr^-) - 0,04; фтор (F^-) -0,006; остальные - 0,004.According to literature data (and on the WIKIPEDIA website) in sea salt contains the following elements and chemicals,%: chlorides (Cl ^- ) - 55.03; sodium (Na ⁺ ) - 30.59; sulfates (

) - 7.68; magnesium (Mg ²⁺ ) - 3.68; calcium (Ca ²⁺ ) - 1.18; potassium (K ⁺ ) - 1.11; bicarbonates (

) - 0.41; bromine (Br ^- ) - 0.19; borates (

) - 0.08; strontium (Sr ^- ) - 0.04; fluorine (F ^- ) -0.006; the rest is 0.004.

The presence of the above elements in sea salt determines its beneficial properties for humans, since they are vital for the human body and are present in certain quantities in the body of a healthy person.

Macronutrients magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium are necessary for the normal functioning of all body systems and are jointly involved in the regulation of osmotic pressure and blood pH. In addition, sodium is necessary for the normal functioning of the neuromuscular system.

Magnesium and calcium together control the work of muscles (and, in particular, the heart).

A special role in increasing the level of protective functions of the human body and strengthening them belongs to iodine, zinc and manganese.

Iodine is necessary for the formation of thyroid hormones and for the functioning of macrophages - special cells (from the number of leukocytes) that destroy various pathogenic microbes, viruses, fungi, etc. and thereby increase the resistance of red blood cells from damage by pathogenic microorganisms.

Zinc and manganese create adverse conditions for the habitat and reproduction of parasites and carry out an antimicrobial effect.

The presence in the salt composition of substances such as copper and iron is also necessary.

Copper is a trace element that is closely associated in exchange with zinc and iron.

Copper deficiency negatively affects the absorption of iron, hematopoiesis, the state of connective tissue, the processes of recovery in the nervous system, the functions of the thyroid gland.

Iron is a part of respiratory enzymes (their main component is heme, due to which a person breathes).

If heme is not enough, then the body breathes badly, gets sick and dies.

Iron deficiency causes immunodeficiency states (anemia, changes in the heart and skeletal muscles, and a number of other deviations in the state of health).

The quantitative value of each component in the inventive salt composition is selected experimentally. In determining the appropriateness of using them in such qualitative and quantitative terms from the point of view of disease prevention and improving human health, the requirements and recommendations set forth in regulatory documents are taken into account - see "Sanitary standards for the maximum permissible content of harmful substances in water of drinking water and cultural objects and domestic water use: Sanitary rules and norms ”(SanPiN 2.1.4.559-96, Russia),“ State Sanitary Norms and Rules. Hygienic vimogs to bring food, designated for human living ”(ДСанПiH 2.2.4-171-10, Ukraine).

The recommendations of the authors of scientific publications regarding the mechanism of the interaction of macro- and microelements with the human body were also taken into account (see the above books by L. Nozdryukhina (1985) and A. Skalnoy, (2003), as well as the book Druzheka N.G. . "How to extend the fleeting life" SPb .: Publishing house "Krylov", 2007 - 672 p.).

The systematic use of water with the specified mineral composition reduces the risk of various diseases associated with metabolic disorders (trace elements).

The qualitative and quantitative composition of the claimed salt composition in the form of a mixture containing powdered salts (option I) is shown in table 1, and the composition in the form of an aqueous solution of salts (option II) is shown in table 2.

Using the inventive salt composition for mineralization of demineralized water, it is possible to produce a whole group of sulphate drinking water, fresh in salinity.

When organizing the industrial production of artificially mineralized drinking water, it is advisable to select the necessary composition of the salt composition so that the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions prepared on its basis are identical (or as close as possible) to the physicochemical properties of drinking water from natural sources in the region in which it is assumed that the finished product will be sold (which can be agreed with the specialists of the Ministry of Health of Russia and Ukraine, owning information on physical and chemical properties drinking water of the desired region).

Aqueous solutions prepared using the inventive salt composition belong to the sulfate-chloride group of waters and are artificially mineralized drinking water sulphate-chloride-calcium-magnesium sodium composition fresh in salt content with a degree of mineralization from 183.06 mg / l to 351.57 mg / L and with a hardness of 2.80 mEq / L to 4.84 mEq / L.

It is known that sulfate water has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. With salinity from 200 mg / l to 500 mg / l, they can be recommended for daily use in pure form and for cooking without restrictions.

The preparation of the described salt composition can be carried out in several ways:

I - in the form of a mixture of salts, each of which is a crystalline powder;

II - in the form of saturated or concentrated aqueous solutions.

As components of the salt composition, chemically pure magnesium, calcium, and zinc sulfates, chemically pure potassium iodide, and edible sea salt purchased through a distribution network were used.

These substances are bulk materials, supplied by the manufacturer in a sealed container, indicating the technical conditions for manufacture and expiration date.

Sea salt trademark: "Premium", manufacturer - LLC Prime-P, Ukraine. Technical specifications for manufacturing - TUU 14.4-341612-67-001: 2007.

The content of macro- and microelements in 100 g of premium sea salt is as follows, mg: K - 312.5; Mg - 15.2; Ca - 170.5; Mn - 5.1; Cu - 2.6, Fe - 2.1; Zn — 5.2; Natural iodine - less than 0.05; Na - 38826.5; Cl - 60,074.1.

Permeate was used as a solvent for the components of the salt composition — tap water purified at a reverse osmosis unit. The impurity content in the permeate was 17 mg / L.

Example 1. Prepared a salt composition for mineralization in the form of a mixture of crystalline powders in the following order.

By weighing prepared a set of salts in the form of crystalline powders, in the following quantity, mass. % (mg):

magnesium sulfate (MgSO ₄ ) 68.0 (199.2) calcium sulfate (CaSO ₄ ) 9.21 (27.0) zinc sulfate (ZnSO ₄ ) 0.68 (2.0)  potassium iodide (KJ) 0.02 (0.06)  premium sea food salt 22.09 (64.73)

Powders in the indicated quantity were poured into a container and mixed thoroughly (the order of mixing salts in the form of powders does not matter).

The thus prepared mixture of salts in the form of powders was packed in a plastic bag.

Examples 1 ... 12 illustrate the qualitative and quantitative composition of salt compositions prepared in the form of crystalline powders of salts included in the composition. The data are shown in table 1.

All procedures associated with the preparation of a powdered salt composition according to the proposed options were carried out using standard equipment and existing technologies (laboratory scales, homogenizing mixers, equipment for packing bulk materials, containers and related materials).

Using laboratory scales VLT-200, laboratory glassware made of chemically resistant glass and other accessories from raw materials, prototypes of four variants of the salt composition of 50 grams each were made and packaged.

Powders are packaged in paper bags (from tracing paper) and placed in glass evacuated dishes.

For the convenience of preparing mineralized water in each bag, as many salts were poured as needed to mineralize 10 l of demineralized water.

In particular, according to the I variant, 2.073 g are placed in the package, according to the II variant - 2.473, according to the III variant - 2.873 g and according to the IV variant - 3.273 g.

A salt composition in the form of a crystalline powder was also used for the preparation of experimental samples of drinking water.

For this purpose, a powder in the amount necessary for this purpose was poured into a 10 L glass container and filled with demineralized water and thoroughly mixed with a glass spatula.

The organoleptic properties of aqueous solutions prepared using crystalline powders of salts as desalination water mineralizers were studied, according to the data shown in table 1.

The solutions are transparent in color, without characteristic flavors, taste good.

The change in salinity of experimental water samples prepared using the crystalline salt powders specified in examples 1 ... 12 is palpable, but only slightly.

The composition was prepared according to option 2 (see Example 1, table 2).

To prepare an aqueous solution of the claimed composition, 1 l of permeate was taken, in which the following salts were dissolved at room temperature, mg:

 potassium iodide (KJ) 0,065 zinc sulfate (ZnSO ₄ ) 2,3 calcium sulfate (CaSO ₄ ) 34.0  premium sea food salt 66.0 magnesium sulfate (MgSO ₄ ) 170.0

The order of dissolution of the salts does not matter.

Examples 2 ... 1 illustrate the qualitative and quantitative composition of salt compositions prepared in the form of aqueous solutions. The data are shown in table 2.

We further studied the organoleptic properties of aqueous solutions prepared using saturated aqueous solutions as mineralizers of demineralized water according to the data shown in the table.

The solutions are transparent in color, without characteristic flavors, taste good.

The change in the salinity of the experimental water samples prepared using the aqueous solutions of the salts indicated in examples 1 ... 21 is palpable, but only slightly.

A study of the properties of aqueous solutions showed their correspondence to drinking water and their identity with waters prepared using a salt composition in the form of a saturated aqueous solution.

The method of preparing the salt composition in the form of a packaged crystalline powder is more technologically advanced, with low material costs for packaging and storage.

Aqueous solutions prepared on the basis of the described salt composition are fresh water for drinking purposes and can be recommended for practical use.

Claims (4)

1. Salt composition for the salinity of demineralized water in the form of a mixture containing powdered magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide and calcium salt, characterized in that it additionally contains sea food salt, and as calcium salt contains calcium sulfate, in the following ratio components, mass. %:  magnesium sulfate 49.0 ... 68.0  calcium sulfate 11.7 ... 14.8  zinc sulfate 0.68 ... 1.1  potassium iodide 0.02 ... 0.04  sea food salt 19.48 ... 36.0 2. A salt composition for the salinity of demineralized water in the form of an aqueous solution containing magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide and calcium salt, characterized in that it additionally contains sea food salt, and as calcium salt contains calcium sulfate, in the following ratio components, mg / l of demineralized water:  magnesium sulfate 90.0 ... 240.0  calcium sulfate 27.0 ... 41.0  zinc sulfate 2.0 ... 2.5  potassium iodide 0.06 ... 0.07  sea food salt 64.0 ... 68.0