RU2612071C2 - Aerostatic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: aerostatic apparatus includes a disk-shaped sheath consisting of a lower part, which is used to regulate the capability of carrying, top part, and direct lift control system. Apparatus is equipped with a semi-rigid frame, platform and management system. Semi-rigid frame consists of larger, two medium and two small power rings connected by straps of synthetic fabric, six racks rigidly connected to the medium power rings. The platform consists of freight, passenger and technical decks and six screw devices of fastening platform to the ground. Management system includes subsystems of lift control, balancing of the platform and stabilizing the angle of attack shell. Each part of the shell consists of a disc-shaped and ball-shaped portions which are bonded by a semi-rigid frame and form the total surface of the shell of ogival shape. Inside the spherical shell sections air ballonettes are available for lift control. The platform is suspended to the shell on the frame racks. Cargo deck includes two cargo hangars of large capacity and freight air corridor whose entrance gates' leaves serve as horizontal steering control on-course.

EFFECT: invention provides high stability in flight and in the parking lot.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aeronautics, and in particular to cargo and passenger-and-passenger aeronautical devices (VPA) for the transportation of useful goods weighing about 100 tons to a distance of 5000 km in remote, inaccessible areas of the country.

The well-known designs of high-capacity VPA (100 tons and more) have body structures, usually of rigid and semi-rigid types, of elongated streamlined shape. At the same time, VPA have large sizes of structures of cases and power frames, capable of withstanding large mass, aerostatic, aerodynamic and inertial loads. With the increase in the carrying capacity and size of the VPA, the weight, complexity and cost of such projects increase significantly. The use of new structural materials can reduce the weight of the product, but further increases its cost. An increase in the number of housing elements and power frames reduces the reliability of the product, complicates the design, manufacture, maintenance and repair processes, requires the necessary production and transport infrastructure. The complexity of the implementation and the high cost of such projects is one of the main reasons that at present there is not a single large-capacity military-industrial project implemented, although in the first half of the 20th century such projects were successfully implemented and proved to be effective.

An analogue of the claimed VPA can serve as a multi-purpose airship of a rigid construction, patent RU 2507111, IPC ВВВ 1/58, patent publication date 02/20/2014. The airship is of a rigid type, its body in shape can be a classic cigar-shaped, in the form of a disk or a biconvex lens. The inner shell for the carrier gas is divided into two parts - the upper and lower. The lower part of the shell is designed to regulate the carrying capacity of the airship. Gas evacuated from the lower shell, with a decrease in the airship, is compressed and stored in the hollow force elements of the structure or in special tanks. Power plant - two diesel generators. On the upper part of the airship there are 6 or 8 electric motors with reverse propellers for participation in the maneuvers "rise-descent" (take-off and landing). The airship is equipped with a system for transporting goods on an external sling, which, together with a self-orientating chassis, acts as a mooring device when the airship is parked on specially equipped paved areas. The central mooring element (ring, sling) is fixed in the center of the platform. To perform various types of work, the airship must be equipped with easily removable equipment.

Signs of an analogue that coincide with the declared VPA: purpose - the airship is designed to perform modern aviation work at the lowest cost; the design of the shell for the lifting gas, one of the parts of which is used to regulate the carrying capacity of the airship; the gas pumped out from the lower shell is compressed and stored in special tanks; on the upper part of the airship are electric motors with reversible-type propellers for performing height maneuvers; when landing the airship on an equipped site, it is possible to fix it with the help of a central mooring element. The disadvantages of this design, in addition to those specified in the description, include the following: when landing, the airship can only be fixed on a specially equipped platform. On any unpaved site there is no such possibility; The main method of cargo transportation is transportation on an external sling, which uses a four-post chassis designed for use on a prepared site with a hard surface. Consequently, the stability and safety of the airship on a dirt site is not ensured.

The closest analogue of the proposed VPA can serve as a cargo airship with a large capacity (from several hundred to thousands of tons), with a semi-rigid hull structure, disk-shaped, patent RU 2317226 IPC V64V 1/08, V64V 1/22, publication date 02/20/2008. The semi-rigid airship has a streamlined disc-shaped shape. A rigid power frame, designed for a carrying capacity of several thousand tons, connects the power skeleton with a hollow power torus. The upper and lower parts of the airship body are filled with balloons (sections) with carrier gas. The sections of the lower part of the hull are filled with carrier gas in accordance with the required carrying capacity of the airship. The lifting force control means delivers the carrier gas to the sections of the lower part of the shell, or pumps and compresses it, and supplies it to the storage for compressed gas. It is possible to change the position of the cargo compartment along the vertical axis in accordance with the level of filling with carrier gas of the lower part of the shell. This allows you to set the cargo compartment on the platform during landing and ensures that loading and unloading operations are carried out at a zero level in height, which is very important for a large airship. The volume of the hollow power torus is used to place the control cabin, airship equipment, residential and industrial facilities in it. When landing, the power torus is mounted on the ground with its supports. In this case, the upper segment of the disk-shaped body in the parking lot can be used as a boathouse.

Signs of an analogue that coincide with the declared VPA: purpose - heavy-duty cargo airship; disk-shaped body (shell); the inner shell, consisting of two segments, while the lower part of the shell is an element of the lift control system; lift control with storage for compressed gas; loading and unloading at a zero level in height.

The disadvantages of the prototype are: the complication and weight increase of power structures; the lifting mechanism of the cargo compartment with a cargo weight of hundreds and thousands of tons additionally complicates the design and increases the weight of the power skeleton of the hull, reduces the reliability of the airship; the need for airships of such carrying capacity cannot be high enough, therefore, mass production cannot be organized, and the cost of single copies of such products will be prohibitive; the invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating a large-capacity airship (thousands of tons) while ensuring high reliability, durability, simplicity and ease of construction and maintenance, as well as reducing material costs for construction and maintenance. The task is difficult due to the inconsistency of its conditions. With all the advantages of this design of the airship, the implementation of such an invention seems very complicated, expensive and therefore unlikely.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to create an effective and environmentally friendly aeronautical vehicle to ensure the livelihoods of remote settlements and industrial facilities in Siberia, the Far East and the Far North, as well as to solve many special tasks of the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Emergencies and other ministries and departments, for example, Rosleskhoz, which has great export potential, but is difficult to implement due to the lack of necessary vehicles for harvesting and transportation tran sportation wood.

The second part of the task is to create such a design of the VPA, which can be produced on an industrial scale and operated in the current conditions of the almost complete absence of production and transport infrastructure for aeronautics. In this regard, simplicity of design, manufacturability and reasonable cost of the product are of particular importance.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of VPA with the following characteristics:

freight and passenger-and-freight transportation of payloads of the order of 100 tons to a distance of 5000 km to remote, inaccessible areas of the country;

the ability to land on any level ground and load / unload cargo at zero height;

the cargo deck contains two cargo hangars with an area of 800 sq m each, the height of the cargo deck premises is 4.5 m;

stability of VPA in flight and in the parking lot;

simplicity and manufacturability of the VPA design.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the VPA uses a design with a soft shell of a disk-shaped animated shape, the two main parts of which, the central one is a ball and a girdle is a disk, are divided in a vertical plane into six sections-sectors each, air balloons are placed inside the shell sections and the shell of the ball acts as an element of the lift control system; parts of the shell, the ball and the disk are fastened on the outside with a semi-rigid frame, consisting of five power rings connected by synthetic fabric belts, and six racks rigidly connected to the middle rings, on which a platform consisting of three decks is suspended from the shell and allows the VPA to land on any level soil platform and fixing on it using six screw devices for attaching the platform to the ground; the cargo deck of the platform contains two large-capacity cargo hangars and a transport-air corridor, which ensures cargo operations at a zero level in height and control of the air traffic control at the heading; the passenger deck of the platform allows you to create comfortable conditions for the crew and passengers, to create a cargo-passenger model of the VPA; VPA control system contains subsystems for lifting force control, platform balancing and stabilization of the angle of attack of the shell, accurate landing at the base site; the design with a platform suspended from a soft disk-shaped shell is highly stable in flight and in the parking lot; VPA design is simple and manufacturable, it allows to simplify the manufacturing processes of elements, assembly and operation of VPA.

The implementation of the task is achieved by the implementation of the following essential features of the invention.

The soft shell of a disk-shaped animated shape consists of the central part of the ball and the tight-fitting ball in the horizontal plane of the disk part, divided into six sections-sectors in vertical planes each; air balloons are placed inside sections of the balloon shell, the volume of which allows you to adjust the lifting force of the VPA in accordance with a given load capacity. Each section of the disk shell is connected to the ball section in contact with it by a pipe of a gas hose with a protective valve designed for the maximum permissible pressure in the disk shell.

A semi-rigid frame consists of five power rings connected by synthetic belts, fastening the parts and sections of the shell together, and of six posts welded into an assembly of three pipes of aluminum alloy and rigidly connected to the middle rings on which the platform is suspended from the shell. Rack pipes are used to supply carrier gas to the shell section and air to the ballonet, as well as to supply gas automation cables and signal lights to the shell.

The platform is made by a separate element of the VPA, has the form of a flat disk with a height to diameter ratio of 0.133, suspended from the shell on six racks. The design with a platform suspended from a soft disk-shaped shell is highly stable in flight and in the parking lot. The platform consists of three decks, on which all VPA equipment, crew and passengers, cargo and supplies are located. The platform allows you to land on any flat dirt platform and fix on it using six screw devices, screwed into the ground during landing.

The technical deck of the platform contains bases (supports) and the lower part of eight containers (tanks) for compressed gas, supporting power structures of the VPA cargo deck, the bases of six racks of a semi-rigid frame with devices for attaching the platform to the ground in the parking lot, four cargo winches for transporting goods on the external sling and the central winch-anchor, containers for liquids, connecting devices for connecting to ground utilities.

On the cargo deck of the platform there are eight tanks for compressed gas (the middle part of the tanks in height), compressors, diesel generators, one engine of the propulsion system, supporting structures of the third level, two cargo hangars of large capacity, with the possibility of transporting bulky goods in hangars, a transport and air corridor between the hangars.

The transport-air corridor in the parking lot is used to load / unload goods at level zero on the ramp for entry into the hangars of loaders and cars; during the flight, the hangar doors are closed and the transport corridor turns into an air duct for a working traction engine installed on the front edge of the deck, and at the end of the duct, the open doors of the entrance gates to the cargo deck serve as the steering surfaces of the horizontal rudder.

Passenger deck, in front of which there is a control cabin and an onboard complex of control equipment, crew cabins, technical rooms; in the aft deck there is an observation cabin with a spare set of control equipment, passenger cabins, auxiliary rooms. The area of the passenger deck sectors can be changed depending on the modification of the VPA, cargo or passenger, changing the internal radius of the sectors or the value of the central angle. The design of the passenger deck of the platform allows you to create comfortable conditions for the crew and passengers.

* Four internal combustion engines with a pulling propeller, with an adjustable thrust vector are installed on the upper floor of the passenger deck; By changing the direction of the thrust vector, these engines allow you to increase the speed of maneuvering in height.

* The lift control system, which includes sections of the shell of the ball and disk, gas compressors, containers for storing compressed gas, pipelines and fittings, gas automation, control unit.

The system for balancing the VPA platform and stabilizing the angle of attack of the shell when it is subjected to high-speed pressure consists of three tanks with an untouchable fuel supply for engines, pipelines, pumps and a control unit.

An accurate landing system on the base platform, which includes a laser guidance device and an anchor winch on board the VPA, and on the base platform, laser corner reflectors at the edge of the platform and in the center of the platform, an electromagnetic armature receiver with a grip.

The design of the VPA is simple and manufacturable, which can significantly simplify the production and operation of the VPA.

All significant features, except for two marked with an asterisk, are distinctive from the closest analogue.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the VPA, a front view, in FIG. 2 is a drawing of a cargo deck, a top view, in FIG. 3 is a drawing of a passenger deck, top view.

The positions in the drawing are marked:

1. Part of the disk shell.

2. Part of the shell balloon.

3. Power rings of a semi-rigid frame: a large ring, two middle rings.

4. Racks of a semi-rigid frame, six racks.

5. Cable extensions struts.

6. The VPA platform.

7. Passenger deck platform.

8. The control cabin.

9. Cargo deck platform.

10. Propulsion engines.

11. Cargo hangars.

12. Technical deck.

13. The walls of the tanks for compressed gas.

14. Eight tanks for compressed gas.

15. Transport and air corridor.

16. Walls of hangars with entrance doors.

17. The ramp to enter the cargo deck.

18. Entrance gate to enter the cargo deck.

19. Crew cabins, auxiliary facilities.

20, 21. Sectors of the passenger deck.

22. The annular zone of the passenger deck.

23. Viewing cabin, spare parts.

24. Cabins for passengers, auxiliary facilities.

25. Openings to the cargo deck.

26. Overlap of the transport-air corridor.

27. Staircase to the passenger deck.

An aeronautical device intended for the transport of useful goods and passengers with a total weight of about 100 tons for a range of up to 5000 km is declared. The peculiarity of this high-capacity VPA is the use of a construction with a soft shell and a semi-rigid frame that fastens parts of the shell from the outside and connects the shell with a platform suspended from it.

The shell has the shape of a biconvex lens with a height to diameter ratio of 0.36, compact in size, with good lateral wind resistance and fairly good aerodynamic characteristics for this purpose. The shell consists of two main parts: a ball 2 and a disk 1, FIG. 1 (conventional names) connected in a disk-shaped shell of an animated shape by force rings 3 and soft flat belts of a semi-rigid frame. Ball - the central part of the shell, having the shape of a flattened ball; disk - tightly fits the ball belt of the shell of the ball in the horizontal diametrical plane, forming together with the upper and lower segments of the ball a common surface of a biconvex lens having an animated shape, which provides good conditions for air flow around the shell surface. To increase the reliability of the shell and the operational characteristics of the VPA (manufacturing, transportation, installation, maintenance and repair processes) of the shell, ball 2 and disk 1 are divided into six vertical sections. Inside sections of the shell of the ball contains ballonet for air, connected to the surrounding atmosphere. The volume of ballonet is 0.8 volume sections of the ball and determines the adjustable capacity of the VPA. Each section of the disk shell is connected to the ball section in contact with it by a pipe of a gas hose with a protective valve designed for the maximum permissible pressure in the disk shell. When the VPA shell is heated by solar radiation in flight or in the parking lot, as well as with an increase in flight altitude, the gas pressure in the shell sections increases, the protective valve in the gas pipes opens and releases some of the gas into the balloon shell sections, which expand due to a decrease in the volume of balloons , and excess gas from the shell of the ball, in order to avoid an increase in the lifting force of the VPA, is pumped out by the lift control system.

The semi-rigid frame consists of five power rings 3, covering the shell of the VPA at five levels. Two small rings of a semi-rigid frame (not shown in the drawing) are located on the upper and lower poles of the shell and are connected by flat belts 50 mm wide with the middle rings 3 located at the level of the upper and lower edges of the disk shell. The middle rings are connected by belts to a large ring 3 located on the outer edge of the disk shell. The design of the large and medium power rings is two aluminum alloy plates connected by bolts. Between the plates of the large and middle rings, the edges of the disk shell and the ends of the belts are fixed at the points of their fastening with bolts. Small rings are solid, not collapsible. Therefore, the belts from the middle rings covering the shell of the ball simply throw over the small ring and return to the middle ring at the next attachment point. The middle rings of the semi-rigid frame are connected by a folding threaded connection to the racks 4 of the semi-rigid frame passing between the sections of the shell of the ball through three deck decks and resting on the base plates of the base of the technical deck 12. At the level of the upper ceiling of the platform there is a flange connection of the upper and lower parts of the racks, which makes it possible mounting / dismounting the shell with a semi-rigid frame and platform. Racks 4 in cross section are an assembly of three aluminum alloy pipes welded parallel to each other. Carrying gas is supplied through the pipes of the racks to the ball and disk sections of the shell sections, air to the ballonettes, and gas automation and lighting cables to the signal lights also pass.

The VPA 6 platform is a three-level structure of a disk-shaped cylindrical shape made of light and strong structural materials. The walls of eight tanks 13 for compressed gas located along the outer edge of the platform at all three levels in height, starting from a height of 1 m inside the technical deck, are used as the side surfaces of the platform. The gaps between the tanks are closed by sheets of aluminum alloy, forming a continuous convex wall of the platform.

At the base of the platform (first level) there is a technical deck 12 with a height of 1.5 m. On the technical deck there are: bases (supports) and the lower part of the tanks 14 for compressed gas, supporting power structures of the cargo deck 9, the lower part of the racks 4 of the semi-rigid frame installed on the steel base plates of the platform, which are the points of support to the ground during landing, on the racks and on the base plates are mounted screw devices for attaching the platform to the ground, consisting of an electric motor with a gearbox and a screw (screw) screwed into the ground follows WPA landing. In the central part of the technical deck, an anchor winch and four winches for carrying goods on an external sling are installed. In the front part of the technical deck, connecting devices for connecting to external engineering networks of the base site, fuel and water pumps are installed. On the edge of the deck, along the perimeter are supporting structures 1 m high under the bottoms of the tanks for compressed gas. Closer to the center of the deck, along the base of the tanks for compressed gas, tanks for fuel supplies, for water and sewage are installed. Entrance to the technical deck is through technical hatches in the floor of the cargo deck at the end of the transport corridor.

The second level of the platform is cargo deck 9. The height of the cargo deck premises is 4.5 m (from 1.5 m to 6 m). In the center of the deck from the entrance gate 18, FIG. 2, a transport-air corridor 15 of 7 m wide passes to the front edge of the deck, formed by the walls of two cargo hangars 16 in the entire height of the cargo deck. In parking lots, the corridor is used for loading / unloading goods. The middle part of the corridor - ramp 17 for entering the hangars of wheeled vehicles is made with an inclination of 0.15 m to 1.5 m in height and a length of 45 m. At the end of the ramp in the walls of the hangars there are doors to enter the hangars. At the end of the transport corridor, at the front edge of the deck, one traction motor 10 is installed, FIG. 1, FIG. 2, which is used in the operation of the course control system. Before the flight, the doors of the cargo hangars are closed and the corridor 15 turns into an air duct for the air flow from the working traction engine. The gates of the entrance gate 18 to the cargo deck are open and serve as the steering surfaces of the horizontal steering wheel. To the left and to the right of the central corridor are cargo hangars 11 with a total area of 1600 sq. M and a height of 4.5 m, which allow transporting bulky goods. On the outer edge of the deck in the hangars are installed eight tanks 14 for compressed carrier gas. Along the tanks on the fenced off areas, VPA equipment is placed: compressors, diesel generators, air pumps (fans). Along the perimeter of the hangars there are elements of the supporting structures of the third level - the passenger deck.

Passenger deck 7, FIG. 1 of the cargo version of the VPA to reduce the weight of the structures can be made of two sectors 20, 21, FIG. 3, and the annular zone 22. In the front sector 20 there are a control cabin 8 with control equipment, crew cabins 19 and auxiliary rooms. The area of the sectors for the passenger and passenger warrant of the VPA can be increased to increase the number of passenger cabins and auxiliary rooms, which allows creating comfortable conditions for the crew and passengers on long flights. In the annular zone 22 are the upper parts of the tanks 14 and the side passage between the sectors. Between sectors and airborne passages there is a part of the deck not covered by overlapping - open openings 25 to the cargo deck. These openings are used for technological purposes - for raising (and lowering) traction engines to the upper floor of the passenger deck during installation or repair.

Two traction internal combustion engines 10 are installed on the upper floor of the passenger deck on the port side and starboard sides, FIG. 1, with an impeller or impeller type propeller, with an adjustable thrust vector, and mounting hatches for raising and lowering engines (not shown) are made in the deck overlap.

The VPA control system contains subsystems for controlling the lifting force, balancing the platform and stabilizing the angle of attack of the shell, and landing accurately on the base platform.

The lift control system includes: balloon and disk shell sections, gas compressors, compressed gas storage tanks, control unit, gas pipelines and fittings, gas automation equipment. The lift control system works according to the commands of the crew ascent or descent, as well as in automatic mode, maintaining a given flight altitude.

The platform balancing system and stabilization of the shell angle of attack automatically reacts to the platform balancing imbalance and eliminates it by pumping fuel between three tanks located: in the front of the technical deck, one tank, and two tanks on the sides in the back of the technical deck. An imbalance of the platform can occur during loading and unloading operations or during the flight of the VPA under the influence of high-speed pressure on the shell, leading to an increase in the angle of attack of the shell. At the same time, the force of the pressure head acting on the shell is transmitted through cable extensions 5 racks 4 of the semi-rigid frame to the platform 6 and leads to a violation of its balance. Restoring platform balancing leads to stabilization of the angle of attack of the shell near zero degrees. The composition of the equipment of the balancing system: three tanks with an untouchable fuel supply, fuel lines with shut-off valves, pumps, control unit (in the control cabin).

When landing VPA on the base site, it is necessary to ensure the connection of VPA equipment with elements of the basic infrastructure. To ensure an accurate landing, a laser guidance device and an anchor winch are installed on board the VPA. Laser angular reflectors are installed along the edges of the base platform, and an electromagnetic armature receiver with a grip firmly fixed at the base of the platform is equipped in the center of the platform.

One of the most important characteristics of the VPA of this design is its stability, both in flight and in the parking lot, which is very important for aeronautical engineering. Stability in flight is due to the separation in height of the point of application of the shell’s lifting force, aerodynamic forces and the center of gravity of the VPA, located near the upper platform overlap, as well as the presence of a platform balancing system and stabilization of the shell’s angle of attack when the pressure head changes, which maintains a given angle of attack zero degrees). The stability in the parking lot is due to the wind resistance of the disk-shaped shell and the presence of six screw devices for attaching the platform to the ground.

An important characteristic of this VPA design is its simplicity, due to the absence of a rigid body and a rigid shell frame, and manufacturability, due to the manufacture of the basic elements of the VPA design and equipment at specialized enterprises, ensuring high quality products, as well as the assembly and installation of these elements at the assembly and installation complex that does not have any complex and expensive structures. The manufacturability of the design makes it possible to replace during operation any section of the VPA shell, an element of a semi-rigid frame or platform.

To implement the assembly process, a construction and installation complex (QMS) is being created, the production area of which consists of three installation sites the size equal to the size of the VPA landing site. No complex and expensive structures (hangars, boathouses) are required on the QMS. Assembly and installation sites should be equipped, taking into account the design features of the VPA, with special devices for installation work. To shelter from the adverse external conditions of the VPA assembly site, a mobile aerostatic umbrella-shelter can be used, which is a tethered balloon in the form of a segment of a balloon, raised in the form of an umbrella above the construction site. If necessary (in the autumn-winter period), curtains made of synthetic fabric can be lowered from the edges of the umbrella with the lower edges of the curtains attached to the base of the site. Inside such a shelter, with the help of air heaters, it is possible to create the necessary conditions for work.

Before the next flight of the VPA, cargo is loaded / unloaded, passengers are boarded, refueling with fuel, water, and consumables. At the end of the cargo operations, the crew enters approximate data on the loading of the VPA into the lift control system (EMS). EMSS is put into operation and regulates the amount of gas in the shell in accordance with the load. The necessary amount of gas from the tanks for compressed gas is supplied through controlled valves of the gas pipelines in the sections of the shells or is pumped out of the sections by the compressor into the tanks for compressed gas.

Before starting, the engines of the propulsion system (DU) are started. At the time of start, the platform-to-ground attachment devices are turned off, four remote control engines with a variable thrust vector are put into lifting mode. After the separation of the VPA from the site, the control channel engine is switched to the operating mode at the heading and the specified flight azimuth is worked out. After the take-off of the VPA, the crew switches on the platform balancing system and, if necessary, balancing is performed. Further, in order to save fuel, four remote control engine with an adjustable thrust vector are switched to horizontal flight mode. Further control of the flight altitude is carried out due to the lifting force of the carrier gas by the EMS system. With increasing flight speed, the pressure head force acting on the VPA shell increases and creates a negative moment of rotation relative to the center of mass of the VPA, which leads to an increase in the angle of attack of the shell. Platform balancing is violated and the system of balancing and stabilizing the angle of attack of the shell is included in the work. By pumping the fuel supply into the front capacity of the technical deck, or pumping fuel out of it, the negative moment acting on the VPA shell is compensated, and thus the platform is balanced and the shell angle of attack is stabilized, which is approximately equal to zero. An important element in this system are cable ties 5 racks of the semi-rigid frame of FIG. 1, transmitting the load of high-speed pressure from the shell to the platform.

With a change in flight altitude or weather conditions, the gas pressure in the sections of the shell changes. EMSS automatically responds to changes in gas pressure in the shell sections and either delivers gas to the ball and disk sections, or pumps gas from the balloon sections. With increasing pressure in the sections of the casing of the disk, the protective valves on the gas pipes connecting the sections of the disk and the ball are activated, and excess gas from the sections of the disk flows into the sections of the ball. The balloon shell sections expand and displace air from balloons. The ball increasing the shear strength of the shell is regulated by the control system. To reduce the height of the VPA at the command of the crew, the control system starts pumping gas from the shell of the ball until the cancellation command is canceled. At the same time, to maintain the shape of the shell of the ball, air pumps (fans) are turned on, supplying air to the balloons.

In the landing mode of the VPA, the lift is set approximately equal to the load of the VPA and a further decrease occurs due to the operation of the engines in the reduction mode. The landing of the VPA is always performed against the wind in order to compensate the thrust of the engines for the force of the high-pressure wind. When touching the ground with the base plates of the platform, automatically or at the command of the crew, the devices for attaching the platform to the ground are triggered. Loading / unloading operations begin. When landing the VPA on the base site, an exact landing system is used. Pointing the VPA to the landing point is carried out using a laser device with corner reflectors at the edges of the site. VPA is lowered over the site to a height of several tens of meters with the lowered anchor of the winch to the level of the site. At the site, an electromagnetic device for capturing the winch anchor in the center of the platform, surrounded by a white circle, clearly visible from the VPA, is turned on. The crew must lead the anchor into the range of the electromagnetic capture device and lower the anchor with a winch. After capturing the anchor at the site, a light alarm is turned on and the crew continues to land by pulling the VPA with the anchor winch. At the same time, the VPA rotates in the right direction with the horizontal steering wheel for docking with the engineering communications of the base site. At the moment the platform supports touch the platform, devices for fixing the platform to the ground are triggered. Loading / unloading operations begin.

Claims (13)

1. An aeronautical apparatus designed to carry out freight and passenger transportation, including a disk-shaped shell, consisting of a lower part, which is used to regulate the load capacity, and the upper part, a lift control system, characterized in that it is equipped a semi-rigid frame consisting of a larger, two middle and two small power rings connected by synthetic fabric belts, six racks rigidly connected to the middle power rings, a platform consisting of cargo, passenger and technical decks, and six screw devices for fixing the platform to the ground, a control system including subsystems for controlling the lifting force, balancing the platform and stabilizing the angle of attack of the shell, each part of the said shell consists of disk-shaped and spherical sections, which are fastened by the said semi-rigid frame and form a common surface of the shell of an animated shape, inside ball-shaped sections of the shell air balloons are placed to control the lifting force, said platform is suspended from said shell on racks of said frame, the cargo deck includes two large-capacity cargo hangars and a transport-air corridor, the entrance gates of which serve as horizontal rudders for the course. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the platform provides fastening on the site using six screw devices, screwed into the ground during landing. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo deck contains two cargo hangars with a total area of 1600 square meters. and a height of 4.5 m, which are separated by a transport-air corridor 7 m wide, and a ramp with the ability to rise to a height of 1.5 m. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on the front edge of the transport-air corridor there is a traction motor, and at the end of the air corridor there are steering surfaces of a horizontal rudder serving as entrance gates to the cargo deck. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the control system contains a subsystem for balancing the platform and stabilizing the angle of attack of the shell, includes a control unit, three tanks with a fuel supply for engines, pipelines and pumps that allow pumping fuel between tanks. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the control system includes a subsystem for accurate landing on the base platform to ensure docking of the aircraft with ground-based infrastructure facilities, including a laser pointing device to the center of the site, an anchor winch, an electromagnetic receiver with a winch anchor capture the center of the site and the control channel on the course.

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