RU2610692C1 - Composition for weed control of class dicotyledones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural microbiology and can be used for protection of plants from invasive plants and weeds. Composition for grass weed control includes herbicide with active ingredient glyphosate, suspension of fragments of mycelium Thomson-like fungi, surface-active substances and 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution in specified proportions.

EFFECT: invention provides higher efficiency in control of unwanted grass vegetation of class Dicotyledones.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agricultural microbiology, the protection of plants from invasive and weed vegetation, in particular to a composition containing a chemical herbicide in a sublethal dose and fragments of mycelium of Thomas-like micromycetes.

Chemical herbicides are a well-known means of controlling dicotyledonous (Dicotyledones class) invasive and perennial root weed plants (State Catalog ..., 2015 [4]). Many of them (Tornado, Tornado 500, Alaz, Default, Dominator, Fozat, Fighter, Rap, Cosmic, Glyphor, Glyphos, Glyphos Premium, Octopus, Torch, Argument, Ground, Sangli, Zero, Total, Round, Typhoon, Glider, Gliterr, Glyph Alt, Zeus, Cayman, Hurricane Extra, Octopus Extra, etc.) contain glyphosate as an active substance - a non-selective systemic herbicide used mainly for controlling perennial weeds of the Dicotyledones class. Drugs are used by spraying vegetative weeds in spring or summer (subject to crop protection) at a flow rate of 25-200 l / ha. Thus, when glyphosate is used against dicotyledonous perennial root weed and invasive plants, 13.5 to 108 kg / ha is introduced. The negative consequences of the use of chemical herbicides in high concentrations, as well as the emergence of resistant populations of weeds and invasive plants adversely affect the environmental situation and may lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of chemical agents. Despite the significant progress observed in the technology of creating biological products based on phytopathogenic fungi, at the moment they can not compete with chemical preparations, since their effectiveness significantly depends on temperature and humidity conditions.

The use of a well-known composition of herbicides and anti-hemp myco-herbicides at high efficiency does not consider a decrease in the concentration of chemical herbicides, as a result of which it has the disadvantages discussed above (Burlakova, 2012 [1]). In US Pat. RF №2543665 "Method for combating unwanted herbaceous vegetation of the class Dicotyledones" describes the combined use of a herbicide and mycelium of foma-like fungi, but the effectiveness of this composition was lower than the total value of the effectiveness of chemical and biological preparations. The solution to this problem was achieved only through separate sequential use of these components (Sokornova et al., 2015 [6]). In this case, the sequential use at the beginning of a chemical herbicide in a sublethal dose, and then a suspension based on fragments of mycelium of foma-like fungi, creates the danger of the emergence of resistant plant populations in cases where a chemical herbicide without a mushroom preparation enters the plant. In addition, double processing of territories leads to an increase in labor costs. Thus, effective environmentally friendly formulations for combating unwanted herbaceous vegetation of the Dicotyledones class, which do not require sequential separate treatment with the components of the composition, are absent. A chemical herbicide is accepted as the base one in this patent, leading to 80-100% death of invasive or perennial weed root plants (State Catalog ..., 2015 [4]).

The objective of the invention is a composition for controlling invasive and perennial root shoot weeds of the Dicotyledones class, containing both a chemical herbicide and a myco-herbicide at minimum concentrations of these components with a maximum degree of environmental safety and high technical efficiency at the level of a chemical agent - a herbicide.

The problem is solved by choosing such concentrations of biological and chemical herbicides in the composition at which a synergistic effect is observed in relation to the target objects, as well as maintaining neutral pH values of the composition due to the inclusion in the composition of phosphate buffer in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Herbicide, active ingredient glyphosate 0.1-1 Suspension of mycelium fragments of Thomas-like fungi 2.5-10 (CFU / g - at least 0.5 × 10 ⁶ ) Surfactants 0.05-0.2 Phosphate buffer solution from 0.1 M Rest,

while the pH of the composition is 6.0-7.5.

The composition, its production method and effectiveness in weed control are illustrated by the following examples, which indicate the possibility of its use for combating dicotyledonous unwanted vegetation, which will reduce the chemical load on the ecosystem.

Example 1. Obtaining a composition containing fragments of a Thomas-like fungus and the chemical herbicide Tornado BP (the active substance is glyphosate), effective against the target dicotyledonous plants (Cirsium field and Sosnowski)

Strain 163 S.cirsii, or strain 17.7 Ph. exigua var. exigua, or strain 32.121 Ph. complanata was grown for 3 days on an orbital shaker at 180 rpm in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml of sucrose-soybean medium seeded with two 5 mm agar culture blocks obtained by culturing for 7-12 days on Saburo culture medium (Sokornova , Berestetskiy, 2007; Gasich et al., 2010; Sokornova, 2011 [8, 2, 5]). Mycelial pellets together with the remains of the nutrient medium were crushed with a Braun MR 6550 BC-HC-M blender for 40 seconds at 10,000 rpm. The resulting "uterine" suspension based on fragments of mycelium of foma-like mushrooms contained viable units of at least 0.5 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g (table 1). To 1 ml of this suspension was added 99 ml of 0.2 M phosphate buffer pH 6.0 containing 0.01% Tween 80 and 55 μl of the chemical herbicide Tornado BP (the active substance is glyphosate, initial concentration 360 g / l). Thus, the final concentration of mycelium fragments in the resulting composition was 0.5 × 10 ⁴ CFU / g (10% solution), and the chemical herbicide 0.2 g / L. The resulting composition was sprayed at the rate of 2 ml per thistle plant or sow thistle in the rosette phase (4-5 true leaves), or on 1 true leaf (about 15 cm in diameter) of the Sosnowski cow parsnip. As a positive control, 1.8 ml of Tornado was added to 98.2 ml of water, mixed and treated plants similarly to the experiment.

The number of viable units was determined by conventional mycological methods (Methods, 1982 [4]). The lesion area was taken into account after 24 hours (Sokornova, 2011 [5]).

As a result, the area of leaf necrosis on the target plants was 95%, 85%, and 90%, respectively. Thus, a composition of this composition allowed us to reduce the concentration of mycelium fragments of foma-like phytopathogens and a chemical herbicide by a factor of 100 with a comparable area of leaf damage (table 1).

Example 2. The effect of the pH of the composition containing fragments of the Thomas-like fungus and the chemical herbicide Tornado BP (the active substance is glyphosate) on the effectiveness of the defeat of the target dicotyledonous plants (Cirsium field and Hogweed Sosnowski)

Obtained as in example 1, the uterine suspension based on mycelium fragments of foma-like fungi (at least 0.5 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g) was diluted with 0.2 M phosphate buffer with different pH (table 2) containing 0.01% Tween 80 and 0.2% glyphosate to a final concentration of mycelium fragments of 0.5 × 10 ⁴ CFU / g (10% solution).

The number of viable units was determined by conventional mycological methods (Methods, 1982 [4]).

The pathogenicity of mycelium was estimated by the area of necrosis on leaf disks (Berestetskiy et al., 2007 [7]).

The composition was applied by spraying plants in the outlet phase at a flow rate of 60 ml / m ² . The effectiveness of plant damage was evaluated by the area of leaf necrosis on the 7th day after processing in the field at an average daily temperature of 20-25 ° C and 65-85% relative humidity.

As can be seen from table 2, significantly the largest lesion of dicotyledonous target plants (Cirsium field and Sosnovsky cowberry) was observed at a pH of phosphate buffer from 5.5 to 7.0. At the same time, the area of damage to the leaves of the artisan field when applying the new composition is comparable with the prototype, the damage to plants during the sequential use of a suspension based on S. cirsii mycelium fragments and a glyphosate-based chemical herbicide is 95-100%, but to achieve this effect, a single treatment with the composition is required ( Sokornova et al., 2015 [6]). As can be seen from table 2, this composition repeats all the advantages of sequential use, but reduces the risk of getting a chemical herbicide in a reduced dose without fragments of mycelium on plants.

Composition for controlling difficultly eradicated unwanted dicotyledonous vegetation, such as perennial root weed plants (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Sl (= C setosum (Willd.) Besser ex M. Bieb.), C. incanum (SG Gmel.) Fisch.), Sonchus arvensis L.) and invasive plants, in particular giant cow parsnip (Heracleum mantegazzianum Somm. Et Levier, H. sosnowskyi Manden and H. persicum Desf.), As well as the prototype, contains a chemical herbicide with a concentration of the active substance is 1.5-10 times less than recommended for preparations based on glyphosate, and the infectious load (the concentration of mycelium is phytopathogenic fungi) - 1.5-4 times in comparison with mycoherbicides and can be applied at all stages of plant development, without requiring additional protection of the cultivated crop. The combined use of a biological product based on the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum (10 l / ha) and Harmony chemicals, CTC (50 g / l) requires double treatment, effective in a certain phase of plant growth, namely in the phase of 2-4 real hemp leaves. In addition, the strain F.culmorum K-4/7 has a wide specialization and does not affect only monocotyledonous crops (barley and wheat), and a chemical herbicide is used without reducing its concentration relative to the recommended one (Burlakova, 2012; State Catalog ..., 2015 [1 , four]). Due to the synergistic effect there is an increase in the effectiveness of the composition at lower concentrations of active substances in relation to host plants. This allows you to achieve your goal and get additional effects when using the composition, eliminating the risks of resistant plant populations, reducing the chemical burden on the ecosystem, minimizing the cost and complexity of processing, ensuring stable efficiency in the fight against difficult to eradicate and dangerous weed species.

Information sources

1. Burlakova Yu.V. Biological justification for the use of herbicides and phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. var culmorum to suppress hemp plants. Abstract. dis. for a job. scientist step. Cand. biol. sciences; GNU All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection of the RAAS. St. Petersburg, 2012.18 s.

2. Gasich E.L., Khlopunova LB, Berestetskiy A.O., Sokornova SV. Mushroom strain Phoma complanata (Tode) Desm. 1.40 (VIZR), which has herbicidal activity against the hogweed Sosnowski. Patent RU 2439141 C1 of 06/10/2010, 9 pp.

3. The state catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation and its amendments (2015).

4. Methods of experimental mycology. Reference / ed. IN AND. Bilay, - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1982, 550 p.

5. Sokornova S.V. Biological justification for the creation of a mycogericide based on the pathogenic fungus Stagonospora cirsii: author. dis. for a job. scientist step. Cand. biol. sciences; GNU All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection of the RAAS. St. Petersburg, 2011, 18 p.

6. Sokornova S.V., Berestetsky A.O., Gasich E.L., Khlopunova LB A way to deal with unwanted grassy plants of the class Dicotyledones. Patent RU 2543665 dated 03/10/2015.

7. Berestetskiy A.O., Fyodorova A.F., Kustova S.V. A laboratory technique for the evalution of pathogenicity of Septoria cirsii for Cirsium arvense // XV Congress of European mycologists, 2007, p, 242.

8. Sokornova S.V., Berestetskiy A.O. (2007) Production of virulent mycelial inoculum of Stagonospora cirsii Davis by liquid state fermentation. Proc. XV Congress of European Mycologists, SPb, Russia, September 16-21, 2007. SPb: TREEART LLC, p. 204-205.

Claims (3)

Composition for combating undesirable grassy plants of the Dicotyledones class, containing a herbicide with the active substance glyphosate, a suspension of mycelium of foma-like fungi with a surfactant, phosphate buffer in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Herbicide, active ingredient glyphosate 0.1-1 Suspension of fragments of mycelium of Thomas-like fungi (CFU / g - not less than 0.5 × 10 ⁶ ) 2,5-10 Surfactants 0.05-0.2 Phosphate buffer solution from 0.1 M Rest, while the pH of the composition is 6.0-7.5.