RU2608358C1 - Method of determining external ballistic characteristics of projectiles and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radar ranging.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radar observation of a ballistic object flight path and can be used in sighting systems of aircrafts. Said result is achieved due to the fact, that proposed method comprises measuring the speed of projectiles, formation, in the direction of a preset projectile flight path, of equal-doppler directions in mutually perpendicular planes due to installation at equal distances from the given projectile flight path in mutually perpendicular planes of the first and second, third and fourth Doppler radars, respectively, determination of time dependence of the projectile flight path, determination of projectile flight speeds and projectile flight time based on fixation of moments of appearance and loss of Doppler signals, device, implementing the method comprises four Doppler radars, four detectors, four Doppler echo signal generators, four formers of discrete values of the current projectile flight speeds, four computers, two comparators, two units for determination of time dependence of the projectile flight path and two units for determination of time dependence of projectile flight speeds. Listed components are connected to each other in a certain manner.

EFFECT: technical result is higher informational value.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to measuring systems, namely to means of radar observation of the trajectories of ballistic objects, and can be used to measure the velocity of the shells and determine the flight time of the shells.

A known method of measuring the velocity of the projectile, consisting in the fact that the measurement of the velocity of the projectile is carried out by the first and second meters of the velocity of the projectile containing the first and second Doppler radars, while the first and second Doppler radars of these meters of the velocity of the projectile form in the direction of the projected flight path of the projectile the Doppler direction due to their installation at equal distances from a given trajectory of the projectile, and the maxima of the radiation patterns of the first and second to Lehrov’s radars make an acute angle with the projectile flight path, in each projectile velocity meter the Doppler frequencies of the output signals of the first and second Doppler radars form a sequence of discrete values of its current speed, which measure the velocity of the projectile, compare the measurement results, establish the comparison results, establish that the projectile is on a given trajectory; if the comparison results are violated, it is established that the projectile has deviated from the predetermined path [1].

A device for measuring the velocity of a projectile is known, comprising a first calculator, a first shaper of realization of a Doppler echo signal and a first shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of a projectile, as well as a series shaper of a pulse of a photo start and a timer, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first shaper of realization of a Doppler echo -signal, the second timer input is connected to the initial delay time sensor, and the third timer input is connected to the second the first Doppler radar, the first implementation counter, the first buffer memory, the first data reliability analyzer, the first data generator for calculating the initial speed, the first meter for the total duration of the initial implementations and the first adder, with one output of the first discrete value generator of the current projectile speed and output the first implementation counter is connected to data input inputs of the first buffer storage device, the recording control input of which is combined but with the counting input of the first implementation counter connected to the second output of the first shaper of discrete values of the current projectile speed, and the data output of the first buffer storage device is connected to the input of the first data reliability analyzer, which is connected to the first input of the first calculator through the first data shaper to calculate the initial speed, the second input of which is connected to the first adder, the first input of which is connected to the initial delay time sensor, and the second input through the first the measuring instrument of the total duration of the initial implementations is connected to the second output of the first data driver for calculating the initial speed, as well as the second Doppler radar, the second driver for implementing the Doppler echo signal and the second driver for discrete values of the current projectile speed, the second implementation counter, the second buffer memory, the second data reliability analyzer, the second data generator for calculating the initial speed, the second meter sum the length of the initial implementations and the second adder, with one output of the second shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile and the output of the second implementation counter connected to the data input inputs of the second buffer storage device, the recording control input of which, together with the counting input of the second implementation counter, is connected to the second output of the second shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile, and the data output of the second buffer storage device is connected to the input of the second analyzer data reliability mash, which is connected through the second data generator to calculate the initial speed to the first input of the second calculator, the second input of which is connected to the second adder, the first input of which is connected to the initial delay time sensor, and the second input through the second meter of the total duration of the initial implementations is connected to the second output of the second driver for calculating the initial speed, the input of the second driver for the implementation of the Doppler echo is connected to the output of the timer a, the output of the second Doppler radar is connected to the input of the second driver of the implementation of the Doppler echo signal, the outputs of the first and second computers are connected to the inputs of the comparison device, the output of which is the output of the device [1].

The disadvantage of the data of the method and device is the low information content, which consists in the lack of the ability to determine the location of the projectile on a given flight path in two mutually perpendicular planes, insufficient reliability of the measurement results due to the lack of a signal detector with a given intensity, and a complicated device circuit.

Closest to the invention is a method consisting in measuring the velocity of a projectile by the first and second projectile velocity meters containing the first and second Doppler radars, from the Doppler frequencies of the output signals of the Doppler radars form a sequence of discrete values of its current speed, which measure the velocity of the projectiles, measurement results compare, if the comparison results are equal, it is established that the projectile is on a given path, in case of violation is The two results of the comparison establish that the projectile deviated from the given trajectory, additionally form an equal Doppler direction in mutually perpendicular planes in the direction of the given projectile path of the projectile due to installation at equal distances from the given projectile path of the projectile, in the mutually perpendicular planes of the first, second and third, fourth Doppler radars, the maximums of the radiation patterns of which make up an acute angle with the trajectory of the projectile, detect the Doppler signal at the outputs of each Doppler radar, and, based on the results of the detection, control the processing of the output signals of the Doppler radars [2].

Closest to the invention is a device for measuring the velocity of the projectile, which contains the first and second Doppler radars, the first and second calculators, the first comparison device, sequentially connected respectively the first driver of the implementation of the Doppler echo signal, the first driver of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile and the second driver of implementation Doppler echo, the second shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile, further comprises a third and four the fourth Doppler radar, the first, second, third and fourth detectors, the second comparison device, as well as the third former of the implementation of the Doppler echo signal, the third former of the discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile and the fourth former of the implementation of the Doppler echo, the fourth former of discrete values the current velocity of the projectile, as well as the third and fourth calculators, and the output of the first shaper of discrete values of the current speed and the projectile is connected to the first input of the first calculator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first detector, and the output to the first input of the first comparison device, the output of the second shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile is connected to the first input of the second calculator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second detector, and the output with the second input of the second comparison device, the output of the third shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile is connected to the first input of the third computer, the second whose input is connected to the output of the third detector, and the output is to the first input of the third comparison device, the output of the fourth shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile is connected to the first input of the fourth calculator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth detector, and the output to the first input of the second device comparisons, the outputs of the first, second, third and fourth Doppler radars are connected to the inputs of the first detector and the first driver of the implementation of the Doppler about the echo signal, the second detector and the second driver of the implementation of the Doppler echo, the third detector and the third driver of the implementation of the Doppler echo, the fourth detector and the fourth driver of the implementation of the Doppler echo, the outputs of the first and second comparison devices are the outputs of the device [2] .

The disadvantage of the data of the method and device is low information content, which consists in the lack of the ability to determine the dependence of the trajectories of the projectiles on time in two mutually perpendicular planes. Based on the analysis of projectile flight paths from time to time, it is possible to determine shooting errors caused by random conditions of separation of weapons from the guns or aircraft, which are determined by the design features of its suspension on the aircraft and installation vibrations under the influence of recoil forces when firing from an automatic gun. In addition, it is possible to determine ballistic errors caused by the deviation of the ballistic characteristics of the projectile (mass, size, shape, intrinsic initial velocity, etc.) from the nominal values and atmospheric turbulence [3]. The solution to the full ballistic problem is determined by calculating the trajectory of the center of mass of the shells and the motion of the shells relative to the center of mass [4].

The determination of the dependences of the trajectory and the flight speeds of the projectiles on the time and time of the projectile’s flight during the test shot will allow the introduction of correction factors into the aiming algorithm.

An object of the invention is to expand the information content by determining the dependence of the trajectory of the projectiles on time, the dependence of the speeds of the projectiles on the time and time of flight of the shells.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the method for determining the extrinsic ballistic characteristics of shells, which consists in measuring the speed of shells by the first and second speed meters of shells containing the first and second Doppler radars, while the Doppler frequencies of the output signals of the Doppler radars form a sequence of discrete values of their current speeds which measure the velocity of the shells, determining the location or deviation of the shells from a given t sectors based on comparing the measurement results, if the comparison results are equal, then establish that the shells are on a given path, in case of violation of the equality of the comparison results establish that the shells deviated from the given path, the formation in the direction of the given flight path of the shells of two equal Doppler directions in mutually perpendicular planes due to the installation at equal distances from a given flight path of the shells in mutually perpendicular planes, respectively First and second, third, and fourth Doppler radars, the maximums of whose radiation patterns are an acute angle with the projectile path of the projectiles, the Doppler signal is detected at the outputs of each Doppler radar, the results of the detection are controlled by processing the output signals of the Doppler radars, and the path dependence is additionally determined projectile flight from time to time, based on determining the deviation of the projectile flight paths at regular intervals, while the deviation is determined relative to the Doppler direction by comparing the difference of the signals from the outputs of the first, third, second and fourth Doppler radars with the given values, determine the dependence of the components of the velocity of the projectiles in the horizontal and vertical planes on time based on comparison at equal intervals of time the values of the signals from the outputs of the first and second shapers of discrete values of the current projectile grow with predetermined values, determine the time of flight of projectiles by fixing moments of appearance and disappearance of the Doppler signals reflected from the projectile.

In the device for determining the external ballistic characteristics of shells, which contains the first, second, third and fourth Doppler radars, the first, second, third and fourth detectors, the first, second, third and fourth shapers of the implementation of the Doppler echo signal, the first, second, third and fourth shapers discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile, the first, second, third and fourth calculators, the first and second comparison devices, while the outputs of the first, second, third and fourth Doppler radios locators are connected respectively to the inputs of the first, second, third and fourth detectors and simultaneously with the inputs of the first, second, third and fourth shapers of the implementation of the Doppler echo signal, the outputs of which are sequentially connected respectively to the inputs of the first, second, third and fourth shapers of discrete values of the current speed shells, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first inputs of the first, second, third and fourth computers, the second inputs of which are connected to the output and accordingly the first, second, third and fourth detectors, the outputs of the first and third calculators are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the first comparison device, the outputs of the second and fourth calculators are connected to the first and second inputs of the second comparison device, the outputs of the first and second comparison devices are outputs devices for determining the flight paths of shells, additionally introduced the first and second blocks for determining the dependence of the flight paths of shells on time, the inputs of which unified with the outputs of the first and second comparison devices, the first and second blocks determining the dependence of the velocity of the projectile flight time, the inputs of which are respectively connected to the outputs of the first and second shapers discrete values of the current projectile velocity.

In addition, the unit for determining the dependence of the projectile flight paths on time contains n keys, n threshold devices, an analog-to-digital converter, a memory unit, a signal generator, a pulse generator, the input of the projectile detection module being the first inputs of the keys, the second inputs are connected to the output pulse generator, the outputs of n keys are connected to the first inputs of n threshold devices, the second inputs of which are connected to n outputs of the signal setter, and the outputs to the inputs of an analog-to-digital converter, the output for which it is connected to the output of the memory block.

In addition, the unit for determining the dependence of projectile speeds on time contains n keys, n threshold devices, an analog-to-digital converter, a memory unit, a signal generator, a pulse generator, an AND element, an OR element, a pulse counter, an AND-NOT element, a differentiating circuit, moreover, the input of the unit for determining the dependences of the flight velocity of shells on time is the first inputs of the element n keys, element And and the input of the element AND, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the second inputs of n keys and element And, the outputs of n keys are connected are connected to the first inputs of n threshold devices, the second inputs of which are connected to n outputs of the signal setter, and the outputs to the inputs of an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the first input of the memory unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the counter, the first and second inputs of which connected respectively to the outputs of the AND element and the OR element, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the AND gate and the output of the differentiating circuit, the input of which is connected to the power source.

In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the proposed device for determining the external ballistic characteristics of shells. In FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a block for determining the dependence of the trajectory of the projectile on time. In FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a unit for determining the dependence of projectile speeds on time.

A device for measuring projectile velocity comprises a first 1, second 2, third 3 and fourth Doppler radars; first 5, second 6, third 7 and fourth 8 detectors; the first 9, second 10, third 11 and fourth 12 shapers of the implementation of the Doppler signal, the first 13, second 14, the third 15 and fourth 16 shapers of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile; first 17, second 18, third 19 and fourth 20 calculators, first 21 and second 22 comparison devices, first 23 and second 24 blocks for determining the dependence of projectile flight paths on time, the first 25 and second 26 blocks for determining the dependence of projectile velocity on time.

The first 23 block for determining the dependence of projectile flight paths on time contains n keys 27, n threshold devices 28, an analog-to-digital converter 29, a memory unit 30, a signal generator 31, and a pulse generator 32.

The second 24 block for determining the dependence of projectile flight paths on time contains n keys 33, n threshold devices 34, an analog-to-digital converter 35, a memory unit 36, a signal generator 37, and a pulse generator 38.

The first 25 block for determining the dependence of projectile speeds on time contains n keys 39, n threshold devices 40, an analog-to-digital converter 41, a memory unit 42, a signal generator 43, a pulse generator 44, an AND element 45, a pulse counter 46, an OR element 47, element NAND 48, differentiating circuit 49.

The second 26 block for determining the dependence of projectile speeds on time contains n keys 50, n threshold devices 51, an analog-to-digital converter 52, a memory unit 53, a signal pickup 54, a pulse generator 55, an And 56 element, a pulse counter 58, an OR element 57, element AND NOT 59, a differentiating circuit 60.

A device for measuring the velocity of the projectile operates as follows. The projectile velocity is measured simultaneously by the first 1, second 2, third 10 and fourth 11 Doppler radars located at equal distances from a given projectile flight path in mutually perpendicular planes and whose maximum radiation patterns are sharp angles with it.

The output signals of the first 1, second 2, third 10 and fourth 11 Doppler radars depend on the velocity of the projectile and the angles between the path of the projectile and the line of sight of each Doppler radar. When the projectile is flying along a given trajectory, these angles are equal, and therefore the Doppler frequencies of the signals received by the first 1, second 2, third 3 and fourth 4 Doppler radars are equal. This direction can be called equal Doppler. When deviating from a given projectile flight path, the specified equality is violated. The principle of measuring the velocity of the projectile is as follows. The signals from the outputs of the first 1, second 2, third 3 and fourth 4 Doppler radars are received respectively by the first 5, second 6, third 7 and fourth 8 detectors and simultaneously through the first 9, second 10, third 11 and fourth 12 shapers of the implementation of the Doppler signal on the inputs of the first 13, second 14, third 15 and fourth 16 shapers of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile, the output signals of which are fed to the first inputs of the first 17, second 18, third 19 and fourth 20 calculators. The second inputs of the calculators receive signals from the outputs of the respective detectors (5, 6, 7, 8), which serve as confirmation of the presence at the outputs of the Doppler radars of signals of the corresponding level, which increases the accuracy of measuring the velocity of the projectile. The signals from the outputs of the first 17 and third 19 calculators are compared in the first 21 comparison devices. The signals from the outputs of the second 18 and fourth 20 calculators are compared in the second 22 comparison device. The signals from the outputs of the first 21 and second 22 comparison devices are supplied to blocks (23, 24) for determining the time dependence of the projectile flight path.

The signals from the output of the first 21 comparison devices are fed to the first inputs of the n-keys 27 (block 23), the second inputs of which receive signals from the output of the pulse generator 32, which provides a discretization of the signals to the first inputs of the n-threshold devices 28, to the second inputs of which signals from the n-outputs of the setter 31 signals. From the outputs of n-threshold devices 26, the signals corresponding to the flight paths of the shells are fed to the inputs of an analog-to-digital converter 29, from the output of which they are fed to the input of the memory unit 30.

Block 24 works similarly.

The determination of the dependence of the projectile velocity on time is as follows.

The signals from the output of the first shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile are fed to the input of the first 25 block for determining the dependence of the flight speed of the shells on time and, accordingly, to the first inputs of the element n of the keys 39, the And 45 element and the input of the I-NOT 48 element.

From the output of the 44 pulse generator, the signals are fed to the second inputs of n keys, while the signals from the outputs of n keys are supplied to the first inputs of n threshold devices, the second inputs of which receive signals from the n output of the signal setter, whose outputs are fed to the analog-digital inputs a transducer 41, the output of which signals proportional to the flight speeds of the projectiles are fed to the first inputs of the memory unit 42.

The flight time of the shells is determined as follows.

The signals from the output of the first 13 shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile are fed to the input of the first 25 block for determining the dependence of the flight velocity of the shells on time and, accordingly, to the first inputs of the element AND 45 and the input of the element AND-NOT 48, while the signals from the output of the generator 44 pulses are fed to the second input of the element And, the output of which is supplied to the first input of the counter 46.

The counter 46 is pre-zeroed at the second input at the time of power-up through the differentiating circuit 49 and the OR element 47, then zeroing occurs when the signal is removed from the output of the first 13 shaper of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectiles. From the output of the counter 46, a signal proportional to the flight time of the projectiles is fed to the second input of the memory unit 42.

The second 26 block for determining the dependence of the projectile speed on time works similarly.

Thus, it is possible to determine the dependence of the trajectories of the projectiles on time, the flight speed of the projectile on time and the flight time of the projectiles. These external ballistic characteristics of shells can be used in the aiming algorithms of modern aircraft.

Information sources

1. Pat. 2338220 Russian Federation, IPC G01S 13/58 / Muzhichek S.M., Privalov S.V., Vinokurov V.I., Fedosov O.Yu., application No. 2007107577/09 of 07.20.2010, publ. 11/10/2006. Bull. No. 31.

2. Pat. 2395102 Russian Federation, IPC G01S 13/58 / Vinokurov V.I., Vinokurov D.V., Muzhichek S.M., Zykov V.N., Fedosov O.Yu., application: 2009125826/28, 07/06/2009, publ. 07/20/2010.

3. E.P. Kalabukhova. Fundamentals of the theory of the effectiveness of aerial shooting and bombing, a textbook for students of higher technical educational institutions. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1991, 332 p.

4. A.G. Postnikov. External ballistics of unguided projectiles, a textbook for students and cadets of engineering Air Force higher educational institutions. - M.: VVIA Edition named after prof. NOT. Zhukovsky, 2003, 396 p.

Claims (4)

1. A method for determining the extrinsic ballistic characteristics of shells, which consists in measuring the velocity of shells by the first and second velocity meters of the shells containing the first and second Doppler radars, while the Doppler frequencies of the output signals of the Doppler radars form a sequence of discrete values of their current speeds, which measure the speed of the shells , determining the location or deviation of shells from a given trajectory based on a comparison of the measurement results, at m if the comparison results are equal, then it is established that the shells are on a given path, in case of violation of the equality of the comparison results, it is established that the shells deviated from the given path, the formation of two equal Doppler directions in mutually perpendicular planes in the direction of the given flight path due to installation on equal distances from a given projectile flight path in mutually perpendicular planes of the first and second, third and fourth Dopplers, respectively their radars, the maximums of the directional patterns of which are an acute angle with the projectile path of the shells, while the Doppler signal is detected at the outputs of each Doppler radar, the results of the detection control the processing of the output signals of the Doppler radars, characterized in that they further determine the dependence of the projectile path on time based on the determination of the deviation of the trajectory of the projectile at regular intervals, at ohm, the deviation value is determined relative to the Doppler direction based on comparing the difference of the signals from the outputs of the first and third, second and fourth Doppler radars with the given values, the time components of the flight speeds of the shells in the horizontal and vertical planes are determined based on the comparison of the signal values at regular intervals from the outputs of the first and second shapers of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile with the given values, determine the flight time of the shells on the basis of fixing the moments of the appearance and disappearance of Doppler signals reflected from the shells. 2. The device for determining the external ballistic characteristics of shells contains the first, second, third and fourth Doppler radars, the first, second, third and fourth detectors, the first, second, third and fourth shapers of the implementation of the Doppler echo signal, the first, second, third and fourth shapers of discrete values of the current velocity of the projectile, the first, second, third and fourth calculators, the first and second comparison device, while the outputs of the first, second, third and fourth Doppler radar in are connected respectively to the inputs of the first, second, third and fourth detectors and simultaneously with the inputs of the first, second, third and fourth shapers of the implementation of the Doppler echo signal, the outputs of which are sequentially connected respectively to the inputs of the first, second, third and fourth shapers of discrete values of the current speed shells, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first inputs of the first, second, third and fourth computers, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs respectively of the first, second, third and fourth detectors, the outputs of the first and third calculators are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the first comparison device, the outputs of the second and fourth calculators are connected to the first and second inputs of the second comparison device, the outputs of the first and second comparison devices are outputs of the device definition of projectile flight paths, characterized in that the first and second blocks for determining the dependence of projectile flight paths on time, input rows are connected to the outputs of the first and second comparison devices, the first and second blocks determining the dependence of the velocity of the projectile flight time, the inputs of which are respectively connected to the outputs of the first and second shapers discrete values of the current projectile velocity. 3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the unit for determining the dependence of the projectile flight paths on time contains n keys, n threshold devices, an analog-to-digital converter, a memory unit, a signal generator, a pulse generator, the input of the projectile detection unit being the first inputs of the keys, the second inputs are connected to the output of the pulse generator, the outputs of n keys are connected to the first inputs of n threshold devices, the second inputs of which are connected to n outputs of the signal setter, and the outputs are connected to the analogue inputs field converter, the output of which is connected to the output of the memory block. 4. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the unit for determining the dependence of the flight speed of shells on time contains n keys, n threshold devices, an analog-to-digital converter, a memory unit, a signal generator, a pulse generator, the first and second elements And, a pulse counter , the AND element, a differentiating circuit, the input of the unit determining the dependences of the flight velocity of shells on time being the first inputs of the element n keys, the element AND and the input of the element NAND, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the second inputs of n keys and element And, the outputs of n keys are connected to the first inputs of n threshold devices, the second inputs of which are connected to n outputs of the signal setter, and the outputs to the inputs of an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the first input of the memory unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the counter the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the AND element and the OR element, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the AND element and the output of the differentiating circuit, the input of which is connected to the source Ethan.

Images