RU2603647C2 - Devices, methods for their fastening and levelling of surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to devices and methods for installation of guide and alignment of surfaces during finishing operations in construction. Telescopic beacons with adjustable spring mechanisms are installed by thrust between opposite planes on two or three support points close to processed surface. Beacons make guided on surfaces, at which material is levelled by means of guides. Cutouts at borders of guides make it possible to level material at beacon side facing wall. Due to flexibility of design and mobility of devices method of continuous levelling of vertical, horizontal and inclined surfaces can be used, both separately and at several planes at once.

EFFECT: technical result is development of universal easy, fast and accurate method of levelling surfaces of different geometry.

8 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to construction, and in particular to tools used in finishing work (telescopic beacons to "... templates and calibers, rulers", as well as methods for their use in the construction of buildings and structures of industrial, civil and other purposes. Devices and methods are a group related inventions designed to align vertical and horizontal surfaces (walls, columns, slopes, floors, ceilings, door and window openings and inclined surfaces).

The method of leveling the surface with guide beacons has long been known and consists of two operations: the device of the guides themselves and leveling of the material. Fundamentally in the known methods there is nothing but a difference in design, installation and mounting methods. “Lighthouse and plaster level“ Kolesnikov's mashturk ”(patent RU 2439264С2, E04F 21/04, 02/08/2010). The design of the beacon and the mechanism for attaching it to the wall are patented by a spring-loaded clamping screw with a wing nut and a squeezing screw for adjustment. The lighthouse is attached to the work surface (wall or ceiling). After its installation, the gap between the rule and the wall is filled with a solution, the beacon remains attached to the wall until the solution completely dries. After its removal, leveling is carried out along the remaining lighthouse path. Lighthouse rail for plastering (patent SU 49147 A1, E04F 21/04, 04/03/1936). Supports made of channel, angular, and t-iron are fixed to the plastered surface on nails or screws. Beacon rails are attached to the supports by means of screws. To change the height, the lighthouse can be lowered along the slots in the supports and fixed with screws. Spikes can be used on the supports.

"A method of performing construction and finishing works during interior decoration and a device for its implementation", (patent RU 2163287 C2, E04F 21/04, 08/29/2000) Installation of lighthouse racks with a telescopic system and a leveling tool in the form of a spatula. Above and below the lighthouse, thrust plates of a larger size are installed than the profile of the main guide, to which guide profiles of a smaller size are attached than the body of the main guide profile. Smaller guides are inserted into the main guide of a larger size and, extending in height, are fixed with pins into the holes. Height adjustment and fastening of the beacon to the surface are carried out by means of expansion screws in the plates. Base plates-flanges are cast. The method is applicable only for wall plastering. Alignment by strips through one with the subsequent alignment of intermediate strips. Guides move only after the layer of material has hardened. Leveling is done with a rack and pinion spatula of a special design, moving along the corners attached to the lighthouse.

The most appropriate analogue of the group of inventions is the patent for the utility model “Device for leveling the surface” (RU 103373 A1, АВВ 3/02, G01V 3/06, 04.12.1953), which describes guides made of a hollow profile with elements for their fastening on the leveling surfaces and a leveling tool, made with protrusions at the ends, interacting with the guides when moving along them, characterized in that each guide is equipped with spacer-mounting nodes installed in the open ends of its profile with installed with screw screws, which have the ability to abut against the surface mating with the leveling one, while the guides are made with the possibility of increasing their length by attaching additional elements of the same profile. The tool for alignment at the ends has projections of a cylindrical shape.

All these methods and tools have common drawbacks: low speed, laboriousness, low accuracy, drilling holes, rising costs for beacons, fasteners, material overruns, and construction bulky. For the device guides on horizontal surfaces, most of the described methods and devices do not apply. Close analogues of the design of the spring strut and the method of fastening the guide beacon due to the adjustable spring strut between the planes adjacent to the surface being treated and used in construction were not found. Externally similar mechanisms are found in the patent “Telescopic leg” RU 2350239 C1, А47С 3/40, 05.25.2007 and in the patent “Telescopic leg” SU 1610101 A1, F16B 7/10, 02/28/1989. In the first patent, the principle of telescopic extension of the support is applied to tables, chairs, chairs, the design mechanically extends and fixes the rod in a limited range, but does not burst top-bottom under the load of the spring. In the second patent, for the convenience of servicing telescopic structures, a spring-loaded lock is installed on the inner element perpendicular to the connection axis, which enters the holes in the outer element. There is no spring bursting inside the external element of the telescopic structure.

The only similar prototype was found in the sections "Equipment for aircraft cabin" and "Walking sticks, umbrellas" patent SU 586036 A1, B64D 11, А45В 19, 06/28/1976 "Sliding bar". The similarity is only in the presence of a spring and telescopic. It is excellent in terms of structural elements of execution, functionality and ability to carry loads.

Analogues of the method of spring strut on three support points were not found.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to create a universal method for easy, quick and accurate alignment of surfaces of various geometries.

The solution to the problem is achieved through the use of devices with a unique transformable design: guides (beacons), combined into technologically complete methods for quick, easy and high-quality leveling of the material on the treated surface, both in vertical and horizontal planes, as well as in the decoration of columns, slopes , pilasters and inclines.

The main essence of the group of inventions consists in the constructive solution of the telescopic beacon, where the method of its fastening is applied due to the adjustable spring spacing between planes adjacent to the machined surface and the method of spreading to three support points to prevent torsion of the beacon.

The group of inventions consists of the following devices: an adjustable spring stop, telescopic beacons with adjustable spring stops and methods for performing work using these devices.

The telescopic beacon is made of a hollow lightweight metal, plastic or composite profile, which can withstand the necessary structural load of the device. The shape of the profiles can be made of both rectangular and circular, triangular and other sections. The preferred embodiment is made of an aluminum profile of rectangular cross section with a wall thickness of at least 2 mm. The main structural elements of the universal telescopic beacon are two adjustable spring struts with sharp tips mounted inside the main profile and moving outward by 3-10 cm due to the force of the compression springs. Inside the profile of the lighthouse is made with emphasis and is divided by an element into cavities into which compression springs and spacers are inserted. On the side of the profile, slots are made through which the levers are screwed into the spacer, moving them to compress or release the spring, they also serve as a spring travel limiter. The spacers are also made of a hollow profile only slightly smaller than the main profile, allowing it to slide freely inside the lighthouse. At the opposite end of the main profile of the lighthouse, a removable screw tip is installed. The screw tip can be made with a flat (bowl-shaped) emphasis, and with a point. By unscrewing or twisting the screw part of the handpiece, it is possible to adjust the exact height of the beacon and, accordingly, the force generated by the spring during expansion. Neither the struts nor the tips extend beyond the dimensions of the main profile of the lighthouse, therefore they do not interfere with pressing the lighthouse close to the surface. The end face of the profile where the screw tip is located can be made in two versions, offering respectively two options for attaching extension inserts. The first option: a plate with a threaded hole in the center is welded to the end, a screw tip or an extension insert is screwed into it. The second option: a plug made of a profile is inserted into the end face, with dimensions repeating the internal dimensions of the main profile, a plate with a threaded hole for attaching a screw tip is welded from one edge of the plug. There are hooks and hooks on the lighthouse for attaching the cord when hanging. Installation of a bubble level into the body of the lighthouse is envisaged. On the profile of the lighthouse, a mount for the laser level is provided. In the design of beacons from a profile of circular cross section, only one spring stop can be installed. The lighthouse can be made with spring stops at both ends.

For convenience, the preloaded spring of the stop there is a device, which is a lever-hook made of a straight metal bar with a diameter of 4-6 mm and a length of 0.1-0.8 m, at one end of which there is a T-shaped element with curved edges according to the size of the levers, and at the other end, a handle in the form of a loop or T-shaped element for the hand.

Quick-release extension elements are made of the same profile with a size as the body of the main beacon. They, as well as the end fastening of the screw tip, can be made in two versions. First: a smaller profile is fixed on one of its ends, as well as on the plug, which fits tightly into the main lighthouse. Two threaded holes for screws were made on the side of the main profile, which regulate the accuracy of the connection between the main profile and the extension insert. A plug with a screw tip is inserted into the other end face. The second option: one end of the extension cord is welded with a plate with a threaded hole in the center into which the tip is screwed, and at the second end there is a screw screwed into the hole on the plate of the beacon. Through beacons and elements, through threaded holes are made for screwing in adjusting screws to prevent the beacon from bending over a long length. You can install the adjustment screws through the brackets on the chassis. Extension cords can be made of any length. The missing length is adjusted with a screw tip.

A brief description of the drawings.

FIG. 1 depicts a device adjustable spring strut, which is used in the design of a universal telescopic spring beacon, where 1 is the main profile of the housing in square (a) and round (b) design, 2 is the internal stop for the spring, 3 is the compression spring, 4 is the spring-loaded strut 5 - a slot in the main profile, 6 - a screw lever, 7 - a sharp tip of a thrust.

FIG. 2 depicts the construction of a universal telescopic spring beacon with two spacers (Fig. 1), where 8 is an adjustable screw tip, 9 is a plate with a screw hole in the center, 10 is a place for attaching a bubble level, 5 is a slot for moving levers, 6 are screw levers, 7 - tips of struts.

FIG. 3 depicts a second screw terminal attachment (plug), where 11 is the body of the plug from the profile, the external dimension of which is slightly smaller than the internal size of the main profile of the beacon, 1 is the main profile of the beacon, 12 is the adjusting screw that presses the plug or extension element, thereby the plane of the lighthouse and extension cord is leveled and the cap is fixed.

FIG. Figure 4 depicts the “pressed, lean, release” beacon installation method and how to properly hold the rule so that its cutting edge coincides with the leveling surface.

FIG. 5 depicts the construction of the expandable rule in the context in two versions: (a) the standard rule and the extendable elements from the different-angle corner, (b) the main rule and the extendable parts from the different-angle corner, where 13 is the trapezoidal rule, 14 is the bolt with the wing nut, 15 - retractable element, 16 - the main rule from the corner.

FIG. 6 depicts a leveling method using telescopic beacons and a sliding rule, when the protruding parts of the edges of the retractable elements slide along the guide beacons and the cutting edge is in the same plane with the leveling surface, where 14 is the wing nut, 17 is the slot through which the rule extends, 18 - end protrusions, 15 - retractable elements, 19 - the cutting edge of the rule, which coincides with the plane of the leveling surface, 13 - the body of the main rule.

The group of inventions works as follows. Before installing beacons, mark the surface, check that their length matches the length of the surface. If necessary, adjust the length by unscrewing the screw tip (Fig. 2, p. 8) or build using extension elements, screw the adjusting screws of FIG. 3 p. 12. For pre-installation of the lighthouse, bring it to the surface, at the level of the mark, click on the spring-loaded part and release them bursting to the desired location on the opposite surface (Fig. 4). The exact adjustment is performed as follows: when you press the beacon housing in the direction of the spring-loaded stop, the spring is compressed, releasing the end face with a screw tip, giving the opportunity to bring it exactly to the specified position and fix it by releasing it (unclenched the spring), release the opposite side of the beacon with spring struts at the end to move by preloading the spring stop using a T-shaped device and moving it to the desired place, release the stop, fixing the exact position of the beacon. The whole process is reduced to the principle of "pressed and released."

Leveling of the material is carried out by the rules with cuts made at the ends, the depth of which coincides with the section size of the beacon, so that the cutting edge of the rule coincides with the inner plane of the beacon.

After installing all the beacons, the material is applied to the surface, a rule is applied that protrudes at the ends of the elements on the outer edge of the beacons and is carried out through the beacons for the first time (Fig. 6), the remaining irregularities are filled with material, the second time is done - the surface is ready. By clicking on the rule in the direction of the spring stop, one end is taken to the side and dismantled. The path left by the rule and places of abutment to adjacent surfaces are equalized. Apply the material to the corners and align them with the corner rule.

Compared with the known methods for installing guides and leveling the surface, the technical result provided by the group of inventions due to the versatility and simplicity of the applied solutions allows very quickly, accurately and reliably install, adjust and remove beacons on both vertical and horizontal surfaces with any step. Installation of a lighthouse takes no more than 1-2 minutes and 1 person can carry out installation work. The invention allows very efficient alignment of virtually any plane.

Telescopic beacons the size corresponding to the window or doorway can be used as sloping strips, as well as for the device of slopes on the protruding parts of the walls, pilasters and columns. Industrial applicability of the invention is not in doubt.

For the practical implementation of the invention requires simple and cheap technical means and materials available to any specialist. Even an unprepared person can work on such lighthouses.

The possibility of industrial application of the invention was confirmed by the successful use of prototypes when carrying out finishing work at mass development facilities for one year. Practice has shown that without repair, their resource in the manufacture of plastering works amounted to more than 60,000 sq.m.

Lightweight thin structures are convenient for moving and lifting to floors.

Claims (8)

1. An adjustable spring strut for a telescopic beacon, which is a telescopic spring mechanism consisting of a main hollow profile with an internal stop, a spring and a smaller profile spacer included in it with a tip and a lever passing through a slot in the main profile that extends through the spring, characterized the fact that the extension of the spacer profile is due to the spring, the stroke length of which and the compression ratio of the spring are controlled by moving through the slot Basically leverage profile. 2. A telescopic beacon containing a guide from a hollow profile with two adjustable spring struts mounted on one side of it, consisting of a main hollow profile with an internal stop, a spring and a smaller section with a spacer profile with a tip and a lever passing through the slot mainly a profile that extends by means of a spring, separated by a partition inside the lighthouse, and a removable screw tip for adjusting the length of the lighthouse on the other hand, characterized in that it is secured between adjacent surfaces being aligned with planes produced by the force of springs adjustable spring spacers according to Claim. 1, it has hooks for attaching a cord space for bubble or laser level, as well as the threaded holes for adjusting screws located in the middle of the lighthouse. 3. The telescopic beacon according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide is made of a hollow profile of circular or triangular cross section. 4. A telescopic beacon containing a guide from a hollow profile with one adjustable spring strut mounted on one side of it, consisting of a main hollow profile with an internal stop, a spring and a smaller section with a spacer profile with a tip and a lever passing through the slot mainly a profile that extends by means of a spring and a removable screw tip for adjusting the length of the beacon on the other hand, characterized in that it uses one adjustable spring strut. 5. The method of attaching a telescopic beacon “floor-ceiling” or “wall-wall”, when the telescopic beacon abuts against one surface, presses on the spring-loaded part and releasing them to the necessary place on the opposite surface due to the force of the springs of adjustable spacing. 6. The mounting method according to claim 5, to prevent torsion of the lighthouse and the possibility of its installation on curved surfaces, the installation is made with the lighthouse expanding at three support points: a screw tip and two spring struts. 7. The method of carrying out work on the complete smoothing of the wall surface, characterized in that telescopic spring beacons are installed on the surface and at the corners, the straight and angular rules are adjusted in length, the material is applied, it is leveled with the rules for the beacons, the beacons are removed by pressing towards the spring stop and taking it aside, and rearrange them on other surfaces, fill the paths left after the lighthouses with material, refine the corners and joints of the surfaces. 8. A method of aligning external angles, slopes, columns and pilasters, for which telescopic beacons are set so that the extreme lighthouse is on the border of one of the planes of the outer corner and forms another, the material is applied and leveled, after the material has hardened, the lighthouse is dismantled and an even edge of the angle is obtained from solid material, which is then used when leveling an adjacent surface instead of a beacon.

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