RU2602945C2 - Independent gas jet pump - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: pump is intended for pumping fluid of gas or liquid medium under field conditions. Pump includes housing with connection elements to suction and pressure lines, ejector with nozzle, initiating gas stream source and receiver with inlet valve, outlet valve and pressure in receiver cavity quantitative evaluation device. Receiver is located between initiating gas stream source and ejector. Source is made in form of pyrotechnic device with powder charges and their initiation device.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a means of injecting a fluid medium (air or other gas mixtures and monogas substances, or water and other liquids) of the jet type using special initiating media, namely, gas-jet pumps intended for use in field conditions and emergency situations.

Gas-jet vacuum pumps have long been used, in particular, in fire fighting equipment. Many gas-jet ejection pumps, which are part of fire engines and other special self-propelled guns with internal combustion engines, use exhaust gases as a source of the initiating jet [Fire fighting equipment: Textbook. For fire-technical. Schools. At 2 hours. Part 1. Fire-fighting equipment / A.F. Ivanov et al. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1988 .-- 408 p. - S. 310-312; Varganov V.A. and other Determination of the parameters of the vacuum pumps of fire engines // In Sat. scientific Proceedings "Problems of the development of fire fighting equipment." - M .: VNIIPO, 1986 .-- 164 p. - S. 45-46].

At the same time, the use of autonomous pyrotechnic devices for various purposes is expanding. In particular, autonomous fire and explosion protection systems used in fire fighting are known, in which explosive-suppressing hydraulic pulse devices with pyro-charges are used as actuators [Meshman A.M., Nekrasov VP, Popov BG The study of ballistics of explosion-suppressing water-pulse devices // In Sat. scientific Proceedings "Problems of the development of fire fighting equipment." - M .: VNIIPO, 1986 .-- 164 p. - S. 140].

A close analogue of the mentioned devices is an autonomous gas-jet vacuum pump containing a housing with elements for connecting to the suction and discharge lines, an ejector with a nozzle, and a source of an initiating gas jet under pressure [A. Dobrovolsky, F. Pereslyckikh Fire Engineering: A Guide. - K .: Technika, 1981. - 240 p. - S. 162]. In it, the source of the initiating gas stream is the exhaust system of the main engine (ICE) of the vehicle (tractor). Such a device requires an internal combustion engine, which narrows its capabilities as a stand-alone device.

The need for the intake (pumping) of water and other liquids often arises in the absence of engines, fuel, electricity, etc., in particular in extreme conditions (the field of activity of the Ministry of Emergencies) and in the field of peacetime and wartime (expeditions, military actions, etc.).

A very close analogue of the claimed device for the intended purpose and a set of essential design features is an autonomous gas jet pump containing a housing with elements for connecting to the suction line, an ejector with a nozzle and a source of an initiating gas jet under pressure, made in the form of a pyrotechnic device with a powder charge and its means (pyrotechnic device) initiation [FR, 2373700, M. Kl. F04F 5/20, 1978].

Nevertheless, it lacks elements of connection to the discharge line, which limits the technical and operational capabilities, and for repeated use of the pump, a temporary shutdown and replacement of the pyrotechnic device with a powder charge, and with manual disassembly-assembly, is required. Another drawback should be the implementation of the pyrotechnic device (including the powder charge) of a special design, not using the principle of unification with large-scale products, in particular ammunition. The last provision also applies to reserves for the use of “improvised funds” for other purposes. Thus, the known prototype device does not have high technical, operational and economic characteristics.

To eliminate the above disadvantages of the analog device, the authors of the inventive device developed an autonomous gas-jet pump, which, by purpose and combination of essential design features, is closest to the claimed one and, therefore, can be taken as the closest analogue (prototype).

It contains a housing with elements for connecting to the suction line, an ejector with at least one nozzle, and a source of initiating gas jet under pressure, made in the form of a pyrotechnic device with powder charges and means for initiating it, while the body is equipped with an element for connecting to the discharge line, and powder charges made in the form of blank cartridges for small arms firearms [RU 2162550 C2, F04F 5/14, 01/27/2001].

In private versions of this device, small arms are provided, a device for connecting said weapons with the possibility of communicating the barrel and nozzle cavities is installed on the housing, and in addition, the possibility of using automatic small arms with the possibility of firing (initiation) in burst and single modes is provided.

However, the prototype, as shown by subsequent experimental work on the project, was still not perfect enough: even when firing in line with the dynamics (flow-pressure), the flow of powder gases directly into the nozzle of the jet pump ejector is characterized by excessively pronounced pressure unevenness, wide and fast "pulsed" pressure change, which complicates the formation of the jet, favorable for the implementation of the ejection effect. As a result, in practice, the required technical and operational characteristics of the pump are not achieved.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to improve the technical and operational characteristics of an autonomous gas jet pump by increasing the uniformity of the flow rate and pressure of the powder gases in the ejector and, accordingly, increasing its efficiency due to a more effective ejection effect.

The solution to this problem is provided by the fact that an autonomous gas jet pump containing a housing with elements for connecting to the suction and discharge lines, an ejector with at least one nozzle and a source of an initiating gas jet under pressure, made in the form of a pyrotechnic device with powder charges, for example, in the form blank cartridges for small arms and means of their operation, for example, the said small arms, temporarily attached to the housing with the possibility of communication st Aulnay portion and the nozzle cavities, the receiver further comprises a valve inlet, valve outlet pressure and the quantitative evaluation device in the receiver disposed between the nozzle and the originating source of the gas jet under pressure.

The solution to this problem is also provided by an additional feature of the device: the receiver can be equipped with enhanced thermal insulation of its housing, for example, made with double walls and / or with a non-metallic porous casing (this allows, firstly, to prevent the surface of the receiver from being heated by high-temperature powder gases as a component of the pump to values that could result in burns to the user's hands, and, secondly, to preserve the device’s performance longer after charging the receiver, since fast cooling of the pores gas in the receiver is accompanied by an equally rapid drop in their pressure in the receiver).

Among the known similar devices, no such combination of essential design features would coincide with the declared one and which would have the same level of universality, autonomy, and uniformity of pressure and flow of powder gases in the initiating stream.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an autonomous gas-jet pump (AN) with an integrated receiver, a variant with a source of an initiating gas jet (IIIGS) of a special design; in FIG. 2 - the same option with automatic weapons as IIIGS; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of an intake from an open reservoir using AN; in FIG. 4 is a water intake diagram using a pumping unit with a main pump and with AN as a priming vacuum pump.

The self-contained gas jet pump comprises a housing 1 with elements 2 and 3 (for example, of a flange type) connected to the suction and discharge lines, respectively, an ejector with at least one nozzle 4 and a source 5 of the initiating gas stream (solid arrows in Fig. 1) under pressure.

Source 5, in the General case, is made in the form of a pyrotechnic device with powder charges 6 and means 7 of the initiation (actuation) of charges 6 (electrical, mechanical or others from the number known or created in the future).

In special cases, source 5 can be either a special version with special charges (see Fig. 1), or in the form of a series-produced (in the present, past or future tense) firearms (guns, pistols, machine guns, machine guns, etc. - see Fig. 2) with the blank cartridges included in the package (see Fig. 1, 2).

When using a firearm 5 in the housing 1, a device 8 is provided for its fastening with the possibility of communication between the barrel part of the weapon and the nozzle cavity (nozzle cavities with a system of several nozzles 4) with each other (shown in Fig. 2 schematically). The device 8 is easy to make universal - for various types (types) of weapons.

The preferred option is the use of automatic weapons (see Fig. 2) with the possibility of firing (initiation) in single and burst modes.

In any of the described options, differing in the specific performance (choice) of the pyrotechnic device, the pump further comprises a receiver 9 with a valve 10 at the inlet, a valve 11 at the outlet, and a device (device) 12 for quantifying the pressure in the receiver 9 (usually, static pressure in it cavity - for example, a pointer or digital pressure gauge) located between the nozzle 4 and the source 5 of the initiating gas stream under pressure.

In the most rational recommended embodiment of the pump, the receiver in it is equipped with enhanced thermal insulation of its housing, for example, it is made with double walls and / or with a non-metallic porous casing (not shown in the figures due to the sufficiency of the verbal description for engineers in this field of knowledge).

In the first example given, the claimed pump is used as the main (sole) pump (see Fig. 3). Moreover, it is connected by means of element 2 to the suction line 13 (pipe, sleeve) with a suction filter 14 immersed in an open reservoir (tank), and a discharge line 15 (pipe, tank).

In the second example given, the claimed pump is used as a filling vacuum pump to improve the working conditions of the main pump 16 of the volumetric displacement (see Fig. 4). Moreover, it is connected not in series, as in the first case, but in parallel. Position 17 denotes a pressure valve.

There are other options for a specific implementation of the device within the claimed combination of essential design features. The device operates as follows.

The stand-alone gas jet pump 1 is pre-connected via elements 2, 3 to the system 9-11 (see Fig. 3) or 9-13 (see Fig. 4). It is recommended, especially when using small arms as a source 5, separate installation of the housing 1 and (after its installation) - a source 5, which at the end of work is dismantled and stored separately.

The start of the actual operation of the device is the activation of means 7 for initiating charges 6 (when using weapons - by the usual trigger release or by pressing a button).

When special charges or empty cartridges are triggered, powder gases under pressure enter through the valve 10 into the receiver 9 with the valve 11 previously closed. The gas pressure in the receiver 9 is monitored according to the indications of the device (device) 12. When the “threshold” pressure is reached (depending on the characteristics of the pump size and specific operating conditions) open valve 11. Powder gases under pressure rush from the cavity of the receiver 9 through the open valve 11 into the cavity of the nozzle 4 and from it into the cavity of the housing 1, which is a continuation cavities of the suction line (pipes, sleeves) 9.

In the presence of developed thermal insulation of the housing (walls) of the receiver 9, the heat transfer from hot powder gases to the environment (atmosphere) by all its types (heat conduction, radiation, and convection) is significantly reduced, and therefore the gas pressure in the receiver decreases more slowly when the valve 11 is closed, and when the pump is operating (i.e., with the valve 11 open) it decreases, ceteris paribus, less intensively.

Otherwise, the operation according to the scheme of FIG. 3, 4 does not differ from the prototype and other well-known analogues: due to the ejection effect, a vacuum (vacuum) is created in the cavities of the housing 1 and line 13 and the liquid from the reservoir (reservoir) is sucked into the rarefaction region.

With the cessation (or with a marginal decrease in efficiency, or even before that “in reserve”) the ejection action of the first “portion” of powder gases, the receiver 9 is replenished by the next actuation of the source 5 in manual or automatic modes.

The choice of specific parameters (cartridge caliber, initiation rate, threshold pressure, etc.) depends on the specific operating conditions, purpose and design parameters as a whole.

The use of the invention allows in the field and in emergency situations (in the absence of sources of electricity, fuel, etc.) to pump (pump) air and other gas mixtures and monogas substances, or water and other liquids, in particular, using a time sheet (full-time) combat weapons of the units of the Ministry of Emergencies and hunting weapons of expeditions with greater efficiency. Thereby, the task is solved: the technical and operational characteristics of an autonomous gas-jet pump are improved.

Claims (3)

1. An autonomous gas-jet pump containing a housing with elements for connecting to the suction and discharge lines, an ejector with at least one nozzle and a source of an initiating gas jet under pressure, made in the form of a pyrotechnic device with powder charges and means of its operation, temporarily connected to the housing with the ability to communicate the receiver and nozzle cavities, characterized in that it further comprises a receiver with a valve at the inlet, a valve at the outlet and a quantitative evaluation device pressure receiver in the receiver located between the nozzle and the source of the initiating gas jet under pressure. 2. The stand-alone gas-jet pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver is provided with enhanced thermal insulation of its housing, for example, is made with double walls and / or with a non-metallic porous casing. 3. The self-contained gas-jet pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the source of the initiating gas jet under pressure, which is a pyrotechnic device with powder charges, is made in the form of blank cartridges for small arms, and the means of its operation is in the form of the said small arms, temporarily attached to the housing with the possibility of communication of the barrel and nozzle cavities.

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