RU2759615C1 - Cleaning cartridge for small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to weapons, namely to cleaning ammunition. The cleaning cartridge for small arms contains a cartridge case with a primer-igniter. The cartridge also includes a piston with the ability to lock powder gases in the sleeve and a pusher of the projectile cleaning caliber projectile. Thrown cleaning projectile is made of a combined head part in the form of a metal bullet and a caliber tail cleaning part mounted on it. A powder projectile is placed between the primer-igniter and the piston. The projectile pusher is made in the form of a liquid body, namely, in the capacity of which a gun cleaning liquid is used.

EFFECT: expanding the technical capabilities of the cartridge by combining a live cartridge and a cleaning agent in a single design.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to small arms ammunition.

Known special cartridges SP-2 ... SP-6, having a piston-obturator in the design, pushing out the bullet at the time of the shot and locking the powder gases in the case body, thereby ensuring silent and flameless firing [1. Ardashev A.N. Special, unusual, exotic weapons: Illustrated reference book / A.N. Ardashev, S.L. Fedoseev. - M. 6 LLC Publishing house "Astrel", LLC "Publishing house AST", 2001. - 320 p., Ill. (Military equipment). - S. 64-73, fig. US. 68 and 72].

The disadvantage of this cartridge is that it cannot be used to clean the barrel of a weapon.

Known cartridge for cleaning weapons [2. Patent US 9,212,879 B2 from 15.12.2015, F42B 14/00 (2006.01), F42B 5/24 (2006.01), F42B 7/08 (2006.01). Firearm cleaning shell / James Curtis Whitworth], consisting of a sleeve, a propellant charge, a frame that includes several squeezable legs and cylindrical cleaning elements installed between the legs.

The disadvantage of this cartridge is the impossibility of completely cleaning the barrel of the weapon, since the combustion products of the propellant charge remain in the barrel bore.

According to the instructions for the use of weapons [3. Manual for 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifles AK74, AK74M, AKS74, AKS74U, AK74N, AK74N1, AK74N2, AK74N3, AKS74N, AKS74N1, AKS74N2, AKS74N3, AKS74UN2 and 5.45mm Kalashnikov light machine guns, RPK74, RPKPK74 , RPK74N1, RPK74N2, RPK74N3, RPKS74N, RPKS74N1, RPKS74N2, RPKS74N3. - M .: Voenizdat, 2001.256 p .; 4. Manual on shooting. 7.62 mm Kalashnikov machine gun (PK, PKS, PKB and PKT). - M .: Voenizdat, 1971. 250 pp.], The cleaning of the weapon in the unit is carried out immediately after the end of the firing with live ammunition, but in the event of being in a combat situation, it is prescribed to clean the weapon every day during the quiet periods of the battle.

However, in the process of firing, carbon deposits are formed in the barrel bore, which are products of combustion of gunpowder and metal particles from a bullet. Soot, not cleaned immediately after firing, is impregnated with potassium chloride contained in the powder gases, which turns it from loose and easily removed by wiping into a hard, difficult to peel off composition [5. D.V. Korotaev On the change in the technique of maintenance of small-caliber small arms // Izvestiya TulGU. Technical science. - 2017 - no. 4 - S. 197-206]. The carbon deposits in the barrel lead to the formation of corrosion, which damages the rifling and impairs the accuracy of fire. To clean the barrel bore using standard methods, it is necessary to carry out an incomplete disassembly of the weapon, which can lead to a decrease in the shooter's combat readiness and, because of this, cannot be carried out in battle. The barrel is the part of the weapon most susceptible to wear, the wear of which directly affects the accuracy characteristics, and therefore the effectiveness of small arms and the subdivision operating it, therefore this part requires increased attention and savings.

The closest analogue (prototype) for the purpose (area of application) and a set of essential design features to the claimed device is (adopted) a cleaning cartridge for small arms, containing a sleeve with a primer-igniter, a piston with the ability to lock powder gases in the sleeve and a pusher of the projectile cleaning caliber projectile containing [6. Patent RU 201059 U1. - IPC (2006.01) F42B 5/24, F41A 29/00, 11/25/2020].

In it, the throwing cleaning projectile is made in the form of a caliber cylindrical cleaning element. The propelling powder charge is absent when the propelling capabilities of the primer-igniter charge are sufficient to implement the only function of the cartridge - purification. The projectile pusher is made in the form of a solid body - a rod made in one piece with the said piston.

However, in the prototype cartridge, with all its positive aspects and unconditional usefulness, there is a drawback - single functionality as a narrow purpose, limited tactical and technical capabilities (TTV). For otherwise, as a specialized cleaning cartridge, it is not supposed (and it is impossible in this form) to be used. In the same time.

The problem (task), the solution of which is directed by the claimed invention, is the expansion of the TTV of the cleaning cartridge by ensuring the possibility of implementation, if necessary (expediency) of the implementation of an additional, second function - a live cartridge (to defeat enemy manpower).

Moreover, both with the combination of these two functions in time (shooting at the enemy, they automatically clean the barrel bore with cleaning elements), and using a cartridge as a combat cartridge when the standard combat (bullet) cartridges are used up.

The technical result (expansion of the TTV cartridge) is achieved by the fact that in the cleaning cartridge for small arms, containing a sleeve with a primer-igniter, a piston with the ability to lock the powder gases in the sleeve and the pusher of the projectile cleaning caliber projectile, according to the claimed invention, the throwing cleaning projectile is combined from the head part in the form of a metal bullet and a caliber tail cleaning part mounted on it, and the projectile pusher is made in the form of a liquid body, which is used as a gun cleaning liquid.

A clear delineation of the limiting and distinctive parts of the given sets of essential features, reflecting the results of a comparative analysis of the claimed invention, correlate with the world level of novelty of the technical solution. The world level of novelty is the first of a triad of features (criteria) of an invention.

Further, for all its brevity of the wording, the totality of the distinctive essential features of the claimed invention is not a simple sum of the known technical results of using separately known system components. There is a "supereffect" (in the patent meaning of this term), which was not obvious to a specialist from the state of the art achieved (of course, before considering the proposed technical solution). With a whole range of additional technical and operational capabilities. This convincingly demonstrates the inventive step of development as the second of the triad of qualifying features of the invention.

The third qualification feature - industrial applicability - is also indisputable and follows, first of all, from the same rich experience in the design, production and use of both live cartridges and special cartridges (including silent ones, working on the principle of locking the powder gases in the sleeve) and cleaning the bore materials - solid (in particular from soft metals) and liquid (in particular, cleaning oil-containing chemical compositions). The manufacturing technology does not differ significantly from the production of cartridge factories based on serial cartridges.

FIG. 1 shows the inventive cartridge, an example with a solid pusher and a propelling powder charge under the piston, side view in section;

in fig. 2 - the inventive cartridge, an example with a liquid pusher, side view in section.

FIG. 1, 2, the following numeric (position) and letter designations are used:

1 - sleeve (for example, bottle-type for a rifle cartridge); 2 - primer-igniter in the bottom of the sleeve; 3 - piston (piston-separator); 4 - solid pusher of the projectile body (piston rod); 5 - head (bullet) part of the projectile body (combined bullet cartridge) with diameter d1 (for Fig. 1) or d2 (for Fig. 2); 6 - tail (cleaning) part of the projectile body (combined bullet cartridge) with caliber diameter D; 7 - propelling powder charge; 8 - liquid pusher of the projectile body 9 in the form of, mainly, gun cleaning liquid.

The claimed device is a cleaning cartridge for small arms. It contains a sleeve 1 (as an example, a bottle-type as part of a rifle cartridge) with a primer-igniter 2, a piston (separator piston) 3, with the possibility of locking the powder gases in the sleeve 1, and a pusher (solid in the form of a rod 4, made at the same time integral with the piston 3 in Fig. 1 or liquid 8 in Fig. 2, which will be discussed below in the text) of the projectile cleaning caliber projectile (projectile body) 5-6.

At the same time, in order to ensure the possibility of using the cartridge, if necessary or tactical expediency, as a combat (with the possibility of hitting enemy manpower), the projectile (projectile) 5-6 is made (o) combined from the head part 5 in the form a metal bullet with a diameter d1 (see Fig. 1) or d2 (see Fig. 2) and a caliber (diameter D) tail cleaning part 6 (in this example, cylindrical) mounted on it.

The head of the projectile can be made either caliber (d = D) or sub-caliber (d <D).

A powder propellant charge 7 (see Fig. 1, 2) can be placed between the primer-igniter 2 and the piston 3 - either in the standard (live cartridge) or in a reduced weight.

The projectile pusher is made (as mentioned above) in the form of a liquid body 8 (see Fig. 2).

It is recommended to use a gun cleaning fluid as a liquid body 8.

The device operates (is used) as follows.

The firing pin of the weapon pricks the primer-igniter 2, which initiates the propelling powder charge 7. By the pressure of the powder gases, the piston (separator piston) 3 moves towards the neck of the sleeve 1 (in Fig. 1, 2 - to the right) and pushes it out of the sleeve 1 into the barrel bore of the weapon and then, for its cut outward, a combined bullet projectile (cleaning-throwable body) 5-6 (i.e. both of its parts together). The spent powder gases remain inside the sleeve 1 and do not enter the bore (with a noiseless shot). When moving along the bore, the "cleaning" tail section 6 of the combined bullet projectile 5-6 performs the main function of the cartridge - at least mechanically cleans the bore. The head "bullet" part 5 of the combined projectile 5-6 performs the second, additional function of the cartridge - the defeat of a live target at the stage of external ballistics.

In the device of FIG. 2 liquid body-pusher 8, being at the same time an additional cleaning agent (liquid in addition to solid 6), provided it is safe to use, it increases the quality of cleaning in one shot.

In a particular example with a sub-caliber warhead 5 (d <D), the ballistics is slightly worse than the caliber special case (d = D), in favor of better cleaning conditions with part 6 of the combined bullet projectile 5-6.

Shooting at the target of the claimed combined bullet (5-6) and according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the user solves two tasks at the same time: cleans the bore and hits the target.

In a situation where live cartridges are completely used up and there is at least one declared "cleaning", there is an additional chance to save your life and the lives of comrades in arms, using such a cartridge not for its intended purpose, but for an additional one.

The presence of an additional "combat" (with the possibility of lethal outcome for a living target) cartridge function (associated with the presence of a propellant charge 7 in addition to the primer-igniter 2), of course, tightens the safety rules for such cleaning of weapons in combat (field) conditions.

Thus, the use of the claimed invention (device) makes it possible to expand the TTV of the cleaning cartridge. In accordance with the previously identified problem and the expected technical result.

At the same time, the implementation of the projectile pusher (as an alternative to the piston rod) in the form of a liquid body (in addition to the fact that this, in contrast to a solid body - the piston rod, allows you to obtain a significant gain in the dimensions of the cartridge, to exclude the exit of the spent cartridge rod forward into the surrounding space with a whole range of related problems), this also creates the prerequisites for the development of the topic of cleaning the bore - see the next paragraph).

The use of gun cleaning fluid "along the way" significantly expands the capabilities of the cartridge as a cleaning agent, and makes the pusher a dual-function device.

Claims (1)

A cleaning cartridge for small arms, containing a sleeve with a primer-igniter, a piston with the ability to lock the powder gases in the sleeve and a pusher of a projectile cleaning caliber projectile, characterized in that the projectile projectile is made from a head part in the form of a metal bullet and a caliber the tail cleaning part, and the projectile pusher is made in the form of a liquid body, which is used as a gun cleaning liquid.

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