RU2741155C1 - Muzzle attachment to small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.SUBSTANCE: muzzle nozzle (1) to small arms comprises, connected by rear threaded part to the end of barrel (2) of gun equipped with breech-loading idle cartridges, cylindrical housing with through central channel (cavity) (4), partition (5) with central hole (6) and front part for installation of grenade or line thrower with bottom or end (7) of plug (8). There is possibility of installation of additional choke filler idle cartridge (9) with a cap to the outside in the specified channel, specifically to seat (10), from front part of nozzle (1). Inlet (6) of partition wall (5) has built-in valve (12) with possibility of its automatic opening and closing respectively at positive and negative pressure difference of gases in channels of barrel (2) and nozzle (1).EFFECT: expansion of tactical-technical capabilities of the combined weapon in the composition of the shooting complex with the missile grenade launcher and line thrower.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to small arms (hand-held firearms), specifically to removable devices for throwing projectiles from barreled grenade launchers and line throwers. Designed mainly for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Rosgvardiya EMERCOM, Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB.

Known muzzle throwing unit [RU 2357178], designed for throwing light and noise grenades with a blank cartridge shot from a Kalashnikov AK74 assault rifle, installed on AK74, instead of a standard muzzle brake-compensator (DTK), and having a guide tube with a muzzle brake that evenly distributes the gas pressure on the bottom of the grenade and the regulator of the modes of using blank and live ammunition.

The disadvantage of the projectile is the short throwing range of the grenade, due to the insufficient power of the used blank-latron AK74.

Known sapper line-thrower [RU 2612335], containing a cat, made in the form of a cylinder with stabilizers with a lid, union nut, plugs and flexible connection with the line, a container with a bracket that attaches it to the Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK74). The cat is put on the AK74 DTK and is thrown in the desired direction with a shot of a blank 7X3 or any live cartridge, pulling the line behind it at a distance of 50-70 m, with an elevation angle of 50-45 degrees. The use of live ammunition in a residential area for throwing a demining line thrower cat is limited by safety issues, so the use of blank cartridges is of great importance.

However, in many cases, the range and flatness of casting a demining line thrower cat with a blank cartridge 7X3 5.45x39 are insufficient or unacceptable due to the low maximum pressure that the cartridge develops in the barrel (94.7 MPa), which is three times less than that of the combat cartridge 7N6.

The low maximum pressure of the 7X3 cartridge also leads to delays in firing, due to the failure of automatic weapons without using a blank firing attachment, which is pointless to use with a sapper line thrower.

Muzzle-loading rifles are known that were used before the advent of breech-loading rifles [URL: http://rus-guns.com/dulnozaryadnoe-oruzhie.html]. The gunpowder in this weapon is poured into the barrel through the "muzzle" outlet, compacted with a wad and a lead bullet, using a ramrod.

Due to the lack of a unitary cartridge, a muzzle-loading weapon has significant drawbacks, including a long reloading time and low safety precautions associated with working with open powder.

But, unlike a breech-loading weapon with a unitary cartridge, the pressure in the barrels of a muzzle-loading weapon is easily regulated by the amount of powder filled in (within the limits acceptable for the strength of the weapon), which allows, to some extent, to increase the firing range of muzzle-loading rifles.

The disadvantages of such regulation of the pressure in the barrel are the inconvenience associated with the dosage and the danger of working with open powder.

At the moment, an attempt to solve the problem of developing a method of increasing the pressure in the barrel and the firearm of a weapon when fired with a blank unitary cartridge, to increase the throwing range of rifle grenades or a demining line thrower cat, and to create a device for its implementation - a gas pressure amplifier, was made jointly by inventors (RU) from LLC NTF "Medium" and FGKOU VO VSI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (see below the link to the prototype).

The closest analogue (prototype) for the intended purpose (area of application) and a set of essential design features to the claimed device is (adopted) a muzzle attachment containing a rear threaded part attached to the end of the weapon barrel, equipped with breech-loading blank cartridges, a cylindrical body with a through central channel, a partition with a central hole and a front part for installing on it a grenade or a line thrower with a bottom or cap cap, with the possibility of promptly installing an additional, muzzle-loading blank cartridge with a capsule outward into the said channel from the front of the nozzle [4. RU 2728296 C1, F42B 8/18, 07/29/2020 "A method of increasing the pressure of gases in the barrel of a weapon and a device for its implementation - a gas pressure booster"].

In the known muzzle attachment (which can be used as a muzzle brake), there is a constantly through channel communicating with the barrel of the weapon.

However, in the prototype device, with all its positive aspects and unconditional usefulness, the following disadvantages of such a device remain.

First, the total gases from both cartridges are not large enough due to their presence in the relatively large "total" volume of both channels - the barrel and the nozzle.

Secondly, with a natural tendency to increase the still insufficient throwing range of the projectile, the desire to increase the power of blank cartridges is inevitable. At the same time, such "forcing" inevitably leads to an increase in pressure on the standard barrel of a weapon, the ultimate strength of which is by no means infinite (you should "take care" of the barrel).

This determines the insufficiently broad tactical and technical capabilities of such a combined weapon.

The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is to expand the tactical and technical capabilities of a combined weapon as part of a small arms complex with a barrel grenade launcher and a line thrower.

The solution to this problem is ensured by the fact that in the muzzle attachment to the small arms, which contains a cylindrical body with a through central channel, a baffle with a central hole and a front part for installing a grenade or a line thrower on it with a rear threaded part to the end of the weapon barrel, equipped with breech-loading blank cartridges with a bottom or a cap of a plug, with the possibility of operatively installing an additional, muzzle-loading blank cartridge with a capsule outward into the said channel from the front of the nozzle, according to the claimed invention, a valve is built into the opening of the said partition with the possibility of its automatic opening and closing, respectively, with a positive and negative gas pressure difference in the bore and nozzle.

A particular set of essential features of the method is aimed at solving the problem posed within the framework of the main set of its features, formulated in the previous paragraph and in the claims, namely: a partition with a valve can be located in the back of the nozzle channel, with an emphasis on the muzzle of the weapon (this is additionally enhances the technical result by providing the largest share of the internal volume of the central channel of the nozzle in the section from the partition with the valve to the seat of the additional cartridge and, accordingly, optimizes the formation of a gaseous working fluid (the sum of the powder gases of both cartridges) for throwing a projectile (line or grenade) to maximize pressure )).

Among the array of known devices are not found those, the set of essential features of which would coincide with the claimed set of features. At the same time, it is due to the latter that a new technical result is achieved, which determines the presence in the claimed device of the first qualifying feature of the invention - “the world level of novelty”.

The set of distinctive essential features of the claimed device is not a simple sum of the known technical results of using separately known system components. There is a "supereffect" (in the patent meaning of this term), which was not obvious to a specialist from the state of the art achieved (of course, before considering the proposed technical solution). This convincingly demonstrates the inventive step of development as the second of the triad of qualifying features of the invention.

The third qualifying feature of the invention - industrial applicability - is also indisputable and follows from the vast world experience in the use of valves, adapters and combined firearms with unitary cartridges, technological order.

The figure shows a simplified muzzle attachment with an additional blank cartridge inserted into the socket, an example of a combination of small arms with a line thrower, side view in section, where the valve is shown conditionally (schematically), and the positions are designated:

1 - nozzle; 2 - trunk; 3 - barrel bore; 4 - channel (cavity) of the packing; 5 - partition in the nozzle channel; 6 - central hole in the partition; 7 - knee-pad; 8 - line thrower plug; 9 - additional, muzzle-loading blank cartridge; 10 - socket for an additional cartridge; 11 - valve spring; 12 - valve.

The inventive device is a muzzle (muzzle) attachment (adapter) 1 on the threaded end of the barrel 2 of small arms (hand-held firearms) (in particular, an automatic machine) having a channel 3 and equipped with breech-loading blank cartridges (not shown). Accordingly, the nozzle 1 is made in the form of a cylindrical body with a rear (in the figure - on the left) mating threaded part (similar to muzzle brakes and mufflers) and a through central channel (cavity) 4 with a partition 5 having a central hole 6, and a front part (in the figure - on the right) to install a grenade or line thrower on it (in this example, on the figure) with a bottom (with a grenade) or a knob 7 of a line thrower plug 8. At the same time, it is possible to quickly install an additional, muzzle-loading blank cartridge 9 with a capsule outward into the channel (cavity), more precisely, into the slot 10 specially provided for this, by inserting it (for example, manually) from the front of the nozzle 1.

According to the invention, a spring-loaded (spring 11) valve 12 is built into the opening 6 of the partition 5 (it is shown conditionally, schematically in the figure) with the possibility of its automatic opening and closing, respectively, with a positive and negative difference in gas pressures in channel 3 of barrel 2 and channel (cavity) 4 nozzles 1.

The presence of a gas reflector 13 (as in the prototype) is recommended.

In an advantageous embodiment of the device, the partition 5 with the valve 12 is located in the rear part of the channel 4 of the attachment 1, with an emphasis on the muzzle (2) of the weapon, as is actually shown in the figure.

Other particular versions of the device are possible within the framework of the claimed set of design features.

The device operates (is used) as follows.

If it is necessary or expedient to use a grenade launcher or a line-thrower in a barrel-mounted version, the declared attachment 1 is screwed onto the end of the barrel 2 of the weapon, by analogy with the installation of a muzzle brake (see prototype) or a silencer, up to the stop of the partition 5 with valve 12 into the muzzle (2) cut of the weapon ... And on the free end of the nozzle 1, either a barrel grenade launcher or a barrel liner (both as in the prototype, for example) is installed, having previously inserted an additional blank cartridge 9 outside (on the right in the figure) into the socket 10 with the capsule outward (to the right in the figure). Then a standard blank cartridge (for example, from a store) is fed into the breech of the weapon. The weapon complex (kit) is ready for use.

When you press the trigger of the weapon, the standard (breech-loading) cartridge is triggered. Powder gases with increasing pressure enter the channel 3 of the barrel 2, causing the automatic opening of the valve 12, after which the gases flow into the channel (cavity) 4 of the nozzle 1. An additional cartridge 9 is pushed out by their pressure from the slot 10 (to the right in the figure), the capsule vigorously strikes against knuckle 7 (with a central battle capsule) or into the bottom of a grenade (with a side initiation capsule), igniting the powder charge of an additional cartridge 9. The powder gases of the latter are mixed with the previously mentioned gases of the standard cartridge in the channel (cavity) 4 of the nozzle 1, their total pressure changes sign the difference (differential) of pressures in the channels of the barrel 2 and the nozzle 1, the valve 12 automatically closes, not letting gases from the channel (cavity) 4 of the nozzle 1 into the channel 3 of the barrel 2 of the weapon, in order to avoid a possible excess of the load on the barrel 2 and prevent a decrease in the working pressure along due to the increased volume of gas distribution The increased pressure of the powder gases in the channel (cavity) 4 of the nozzle 1 due to the described measures and processes pushes the projectile of the grenade launcher (grenade) or line thrower (cat with a line) more vigorously. The range of its throwing increases. A gas deflector protects the pointer from the effects of powder gases from the outside.

The a priori stop of the baffle 5 in the cut of the barrel 2 not only makes it possible to usefully use the entire internal volume (4) of the nozzle 1, minimizing its dimensions along the length, but also relieves the force of the threaded connection "barrel 2-attachment 1".

Thus, the use of the claimed invention (device) allows you to expand the tactical and technical capabilities of the attachment, small arms and the entire weapon complex (set) "small arms - adapter - line thrower or grenade launcher". Specifically - the possibility of increasing the total pressure of the powder gases directly behind the bottom of the grenade or the plug of the line thrower to values exceeding the permissible strength of the weapon barrel. This means that - to increase the power (gunpowder), if not both cartridges (standard and additional), then at least additional.

Claims (2)

1. A muzzle attachment for small arms, containing a plug attached with a rear threaded part to the end of the barrel of a weapon, equipped with breech-loading blank cartridges, a cylindrical body with a through central channel, a baffle with a central hole and a front part for installing a grenade or a line thrower with a bottom or knee cap, with the possibility of operatively installing an additional muzzle-loading blank cartridge with a capsule outward into the said channel from the front of the nozzle, characterized in that a valve is built into the opening of the said partition with the possibility of its automatic opening and closing, respectively, with a positive and negative difference in gas pressures in the channels of the barrel and the nozzle. 2. The muzzle attachment according to claim 1, characterized in that the baffle with the valve is located in the rear part of the nozzle channel, with an emphasis on the muzzle of the weapon.

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