RU2178135C1 - Barrel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armaments, in particular barrel systems. SUBSTANCE: the barrel having the barrel and breech ends is separated in such a way that at least one end is made extensible relative to the breech end in the muzzle direction. The extensible ends are provided with members of their extension from the own source of energy of body propelling or from an external energy source. EFFECT: enhanced projectile range. 15 cl, 12 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of weapons technology, and more particularly to receiver systems for throwing shells or other bodies.

 Various types of firearms are known: small arms, artillery pieces. Artillery guns, for example, are ground (anti-aircraft, tank), aircraft, ship. As specific samples can be called a 152-mm howitzer gun. 122-mm self-propelled howitzer, 130-mm M-46/1 / gun, T-80U / 2 / tank gun, etc. All of them have different designs of their elements or parts, different tactical and technical characteristics, but their barrel is an integral part .

 Known V barrel-monoblock 76-mm gun sample 1942 / 3 /, made of one billet and representing the whole pipe along the entire length.

 The disadvantage of existing barrel systems is the insufficient speed reported to the projectile (body or object). According to / 4 /, the most modern of the existing barrel artillery systems have ballistic characteristics that meet the requirements of the agreement signed by NATO on the unified ballistics of 155 mm artillery (barrel length 39 klb, volume of the charging chamber 18 l, etc.). The maximum firing range of such systems with conventional shells is 24 km and active-reactive - up to 30 km. However, experts believe that these characteristics do not meet modern requirements. In the early 90s, a decision was made to switch to a new system of ballistic characteristics (barrel length 52 klb, volume of the charging chamber 23 l, etc.), which would ensure an increase in the firing range and, accordingly, the depth of damage by barrel artillery fire.

 As the closest analogue, a barrel containing the barrel and breech was selected, while the barrel is divided into parts so that at least one part is retractable with respect to the breech in the muzzle direction (see patent RU 2060436 C1, cl. F 41 C 7/00, F 41 A 21/00, 05/20/1996).

 The disadvantage of this barrel is the low speed reported to the projectile (body, object), and the small firing range.

 The invention solves the problem of increasing the length of the path of the projectile, which is affected by the pressure of expanding gases, which provides the following technical result - increasing the power coefficient of the gun (initial muzzle velocity of the projectile, firing range).

 This problem is solved due to the fact that in the barrel containing the barrel and breech, the barrel is divided into parts so that at least one part is retractable with respect to the breech in the muzzle direction, according to the invention, the retractable parts are equipped elements of their extension from the body’s own energy source of throwing and / or from an external energy source.

 The sliding part is equipped with a limiter of its final extended position, the counterpart of which is mounted on the non-sliding part.

 The sliding part is equipped with an element for returning it to its original position. The element for returning the sliding part to its original position is made in the form of an elastic element connected to the sliding and non-sliding parts or to the sliding part and the base of the barrel. The elastic element is placed in the pocket of the casing of the sliding part and is connected to the shoulder of the casing and the shoulder of the sliding or non-sliding part.

 The extension element of the sliding part from the body’s own energy source of throwing is made in the form of an opening and / or groove and / or gap at the point of separation of the barrel into the sliding and non-sliding parts.

 The extension element of the sliding part from the body’s own energy source of throwing energy is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a piston with a rod, while the supra-piston cavity of the pneumatic cylinder is connected by a pipe to the internal volume of the barrel flowed by gases from the projectile’s energy source, and the rod is connected to the sliding part of the barrel. A manual or automatic pneumatic valve can be installed on the pipeline.

 The extension element of the sliding part from the body’s own throwing energy source is made in the form of a pneumatic or hydropneumatic knurling with a piston with a rod in the breech of the cavity compressible during rollback, while the rod of the latter is connected to the sliding part of the barrel.

 The extension element of the sliding part from the body’s own throwing energy source is made in the form of rolling gear elements installed between the rack surfaces of the casing of the sliding part, and the non-sliding part is connected via anti-recoil devices to the base of the barrel.

 The extension element of the sliding part from the external energy source is made in the form of a drive mechanism connecting the external energy source and the sliding part and mounted outside the barrel.

 The drive mechanism can be made in the form of an electric or electro-hydraulic servo system. When using an external energy source in the form of an additional propellant charge, the drive mechanism is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a piston with a rod, in the supra-piston cavity of which an additional propellant charge is placed.

 The extension element of the sliding part from an external energy source can be made in the form of a cavity inside the casing of the sliding part, in which a propelling charge is placed. A solid or liquid propellant charge may be placed in the cavity. When using a solid propellant charge, the cavity can be connected to the internal volume of the barrel.

 The cavity can be made in the place of separation of the barrel into sliding and non-sliding parts.

 In FIG. 1. . . 12 presents specific examples of the implementation of the barrel.

 The trunk (Fig. 1) is divided into two parts. Part 1 is inserted into part 2 with the possibility of extension in the muzzle direction. Friction between parts 1 and 2 is reduced through the use of oil. An element providing the extension of part 1 is an annular groove 3 on the inner surface of the barrel. Non-extendable part 2 is connected to a rigid base (carriage) 4 of the barrel.

 The barrel in FIG. 2 is divided into two parts - the muzzle 5 and the breech 6, while the muzzle of the barrel has the ability to move in the muzzle direction in the casing 7, which is equipped with the breech 6. The breech part 6 of the barrel is connected to the gun carriage 4. On the barrel there is a limiter for moving the sliding part in the final position, made in the form of a restrictive belt (shoulder) 8 on the sliding part 5 and its counterpart - a locking belt (shoulder) 9 on the casing 7 of the non-sliding part.

 The barrel in FIG. 3 has two pull-out parts. The first sliding part 10 is installed in the casing 11, which is equipped with the breech 6 of the barrel. The second sliding part 12 by a casing 13 is connected to the first sliding part 10. In the shoulder 9, sealing elements 14 are made, and in the pocket of the casing 11 there is an elastic element 15 in the form of a compression spring. The elements of the extension of the parts 10 and 12 from the projectile's energy source are the groove 16 and the gap 17, respectively, in the places where the barrel is divided into parts.

 The barrel in FIG. 4 is made with one sliding part 18, a non-sliding part 19 and an elastic return element 15, while in the sliding part a limiter of the final extended position is made in the form of a latch 20 with an oblique tongue 21.

 At the trunk of FIG. 5, a seal 23 is formed between the restrictive belts 22. A latch 24 can be screwed onto the table (thread) to prevent the extension of the barrel portion 18. The latch 24 may be of another design, for example, in the form of a locking screw (screws) or strips (bushings).

 The barrel in FIG. 6 is divided into retractable 25 and non-retractable 26 parts, while the non-retractable part 26 is connected via a recoil device 27 to the carriage 4.

 At the trunk of FIG. 7, the sliding 28 and the non-sliding 29 parts have rack surfaces 30 in places of contact with each other, while rolling elements 32 are placed in the casing 31 of the sliding part. The sliding part can be connected to the stem base by a swivel (latch with an oblique cut), which prevents initial position of its movement to the official cut.

 The barrel in FIG. 8 is divided into a retractable 33 and a non-retractable 34 part, while in addition to the casing 35, the retractable and non-retractable parts are connected by a pneumatic cylinder 36 to a piston 37 with a rod 38, while the supra-piston cavity 39 of the pneumatic cylinder is connected by a pipe 40 to the internal volume of the barrel, which is flowed by gases from the body throwing energy source (projectile), and the rod 38 is connected to a sliding part 33 of the barrel. On the pipe 40 can be installed manual or automatic pneumatic valve 41.

 At the trunk of FIG. 9, the retractable 33 and the non-extendable 34 parts are additionally connected by a pneumatic knurl 42 with additional pistons 43 with rods 44 installed in the cavities that are compressible when the breech part is rolled back, while the rods 44 of the additional pistons 43 are connected to the barrel extension 33.

 In FIG. 10, the extension part 28 of the barrel is connected by a drive mechanism to an external energy source. The drive mechanism is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder 45 with a piston 46 with a rod 47, in the supra-piston cavity of which an external energy source 48 is placed.

 In FIG. 11, the barrel has a retractable 49 and a non-retractable 50 parts, while the barrel does not have a casing. The extension part 49 is connected by a rod 47 to a pneumatic cylinder 45 similar to that shown in FIG. 10.

 The barrel in FIG. 12 is made with two pull-out parts 51 and 52 and a non-pull-out part 53. A cavity is provided in the housing 54 of the draw-out part 52 in which the propellant charge 55 is placed. The muzzle part of the casing 54 has a threaded connection to replace the charge 55 burnt during firing. fed into the cavity through an opening in the casing. In the place of separation of the barrel parts 51 and 52, a cavity is connected with the internal volume of the barrel, into which a solid propellant charge 56 is inserted. It has a combustible shell over the entire surface. The breech of the casing 57 has a threaded connection to replace the propellant charge 56. The casing may have a cover with a wedge or other connection or a window with a cover.

 A shot of the projectile with the proposed barrel (Fig. 1) is as follows. The initiating device ignites the propellant charge of the projectile (the body’s own energy source). Under the influence of increasing gas pressure from the combustion of the propellant charge, the projectile begins to move. After the shell passes the groove 3, the gases flow into it, the gas pressure acts on the transverse wall of the sliding part 1, which begins to extend in the direction of the projectile movement (muzzle direction). The sliding part 1 extends, the length of the barrel increases compared to the original. Due to the greater force acting on the projectile, it overtakes the extension part 1 of the barrel and flies out of the barrel. The gas pressure rapidly drops, it ceases to act on the extension of the barrel, which stops under the action of friction, as well as gravity (when installing the barrel obliquely).

 For a shot from the barrel in FIG. 2 used shellless shells. The sliding part 5 extends due to the pressure acting first on the oblique section of the barrel chamber, and then the gas pressure on the transverse breech surface of the sliding part 5. The sliding part 5 is blocked by the collars 8 and 9. In FIG. 3, the length of the barrel increases due to the use of two sliding parts, which are locked with collars 8 and 9 and returned to their original position by the elastic element 15 or by air in the pocket of the casing 13.

 In FIG. 4, the extension 18 is stopped by the interaction of the latch 20 with the spring 15. The spring 15 returns the extension 18 of the barrel to its original position, while the latch is recessed due to the oblique cut.

 In FIG. 5, the withdrawal part 18 is returned by air in the pocket of the casing.

 In FIG. 6 leakage of gases from the combustion of the propellant charge of the projectile into the groove 3 and the movement of the recoil device 27 provide the formation of a transverse cavity between the sliding 25 and non-sliding 26 parts. In this cavity there is a further flow of gases, the pressure of which ensures the extension of the sliding part 25.

 In FIG. 7, the movement of the recoil devices 27 together with the non-sliding part 29 causes the movement of the rolling gear elements 32, which, moving along the rack surface 30 of the sliding part 28, cause its movement in the muzzle direction.

 In FIG. 8, the gases from the combustion of the propellant charge of the projectile through the pipeline 40 enter the supra piston cavity 39 of the pneumatic cylinder 36. Under the influence of the gases acting on the piston 37, the extension 33 extends. When it is extended, the gas pressure in the sub-piston cavity increases and at the end of the movement of the piston 37 reaches a value that ensures the locking of the extension part 33 and its return to its original position. The pneumatic valve 41 provides the ability to control the coefficient of power of the barrel due to manual or automatic on / off extension of the extension 33 of the barrel.

 In FIG. 9, when the non-extendable part 34 is rolled back, the main piston of the knurl 42 compresses the working fluid in a compressible cavity, the pressure of which acts on the additional pistons 43. Under the action of the force acting on the pistons 43, the extension of the extension 33 is ensured. After the projectile leaves, the roller 42 returns the extension 33 to the starting position.

 In FIG. 10 simultaneously with the ignition of the propellant charge of the projectile or with a slight delay, the propellant charge 48 is ignited from the initiating device. Simultaneously with the start of the projectile movement or with delay, the sliding part 28 begins to extend under the action of gas pressure from the combustion of the charge 48. After the projectile leaves the barrel, the gas pressure in the supra-piston cavity is vented (for example, by valves or by opening the pneumatic cylinder shutter 45), the sliding part returns to its original position due to gas pressure in the piston cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 45 or in the casing of the sliding part.

 A shot of a projectile from the barrel in FIG. 11 occurs similarly to a shot from the barrel in FIG. 10, only return is carried out exclusively due to compressed gas in the pneumatic cylinder.

 In FIG. 12 after the start of the projectile movement and the rollback of the non-extendable part 53 of the barrel, the gases flowing into the gap formed between the parts 52 and 53 of the barrel ignite the propellant charge 55. The gases from the combustion of the charge 55 participate in the extension of the extension part 52 and in accelerating the projectile. After the projectile propels the projectile charge 56, it ignites under the action of the high temperature of the hot gases in the bore. Gases from the combustion of charge 56 are involved in the extension of the sliding part 51 of the barrel and in accelerating the projectile.

The proposed technical solution of the barrel provides an increase in its power factor of the gun. The calculations carried out by Prof. E. W. Sluhotskogo (5) shows that when extended the slide 13 gauge (39 to 52 CLB CLB) implements power factor are increased by 200 m / dm ³ (50% for guns 39 kb). The barrel has a shorter length, increases its agility, aiming speed, balance with respect to the axis of rotation, improves its portability.

List of sources used
1. Military Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ch., Ed. N.V. Ogarkov. -M. : Military Publishing, 1984.

 2. The main battle tanks. Ed. B. S. Safonov and V. I. Murakhovsky, -M. : Arsenal Press, 1993.

 3. Sadovsky V. G. Foundations of the device of the material part of artillery. M.: Military Publishing, 1956.

 4. Modern artillery systems with increased barrel length. Foreign Military Review, 3-4, 1994.

 5. Designing rocket and barrel systems. Ed. B.V. Orlova M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1974.

Claims (15)

 1. The barrel containing the barrel and breech, while the barrel is divided into parts so that at least one part is retractable relative to the breech in the muzzle direction, characterized in that the retractable parts are equipped with elements for their extension from their own body throwing energy source and / or from an external energy source.  2. The barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the extendable part is provided with a limiter for its final extended position, the reciprocal part of which is mounted on the non-extendable part.  3. The barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the drawer is equipped with an element for returning it to its original position.  4. The barrel according to claim 3, characterized in that the element for returning the sliding part to its original position is made in the form of an elastic element connected to the sliding and non-sliding parts or to the sliding part and the breech of the barrel.  5. The barrel according to claim 4, characterized in that the elastic element is placed in the pocket of the casing of the sliding part and is connected to the shoulder of the casing and the shoulder of the sliding or non-sliding part.  6. The barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the extension element of the sliding part from the body’s own energy source is made in the form of an opening and / or groove and / or gap at the point of separation of the barrel into the sliding and non-sliding parts.  7. The barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the extension element of the retractable part from the body’s own throwing energy source is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a piston with a rod, while the piston cavity of the pneumatic cylinder is connected by a pipe to the barrel’s internal volume, which is flowed by gases from the projectile throwing energy , and the rod is connected to the sliding part of the barrel.  8. The barrel according to claim 7, characterized in that a manual or automatic pneumatic valve is installed on the pipeline.  9. The barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the extension element of the sliding part from the body’s own energy source is made in the form of a pneumatic or hydropneumatic knurling with a piston with a rod in the breech of the cavity compressible during rollback, the rod of the latter being connected to the sliding part of the barrel .  10. The barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the extension element of the sliding part from the external energy source is made in the form of a drive mechanism connecting the external energy source and the sliding part and mounted outside the barrel.  11. The barrel according to claim 10, characterized in that the drive mechanism is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a piston with a rod, in the supra-piston cavity of which an external energy source is placed.  12. The barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the extension element of the sliding part from an external energy source is made in the form of a cavity inside the casing of the sliding part, in which a propellant charge is placed.  13. The barrel according to claim 12, characterized in that a solid propellant charge is placed in the cavity, while the cavity is connected to the internal volume of the barrel.  14. The barrel according to claim 13, characterized in that the cavity is made in the place of separation of the barrel into sliding and non-sliding parts.  15. The barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the extension element of the sliding part from the body’s own energy source is made in the form of rolling gear elements installed between the rack surfaces of the casing of the sliding part, and the non-sliding part is connected via recoil devices to the base of the barrel.

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