RU2601997C1 - Water displacing craft with air cavity on the bottom with trimming-heeling system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ship building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building and relates to marine large-capacity transport ships with synthetic cavity on the bottom with trimming-heeling system, that are made to be used in ice fields, including conditions of shallow depths of Baltic Sea and Arctic Shelf. Present ship has bottom recess to make single air cavity with wave profile, which starts with redan in the fore part and is limited by skegs on boards and aft vault that has the shape of inclined plate. Recess cavity is linked with air compressing system and with system that drains air out of it. Inside the recess there are lengthwise keels, which divide the cavity into lengthwise sections, and transverse peaks in the form of inclined plates, following downstream one by one. Air draining and air compressing system that are in the lengthwise sections of recess, and also in fore and after deck parts of every lengthwise section, limited with peaks, are made independent from each other with possibility of separate supply and bleeding of air.

EFFECT: invention is made to improve exploitation parameters, increase economic efficiency and improve icebreaking capability of marine large-capacity transport ships with air cavity on the bottom.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding and for the creation of trim and roll systems for marine large-tonnage transport vessels with an artificial cover intended for use in ice fields, including in shallow depths of the Baltic Sea and the Arctic shelf.

When the vessel moves in a continuous ice field, there is a possibility of it jamming and freezing into ice. To release the vessel from ice captivity, a trim and roll system can be applied that creates an ice-breaking effect, for example, “Icebreaking system for floating bodies”, made according to patent RU 2483967 (application No. 20111136169/11 of 03/10/2009). According to the description of the invention to the patent, the system includes two trim tanks (bow and stern) for keel swinging of the vessel and two side roll tanks for onboard swinging. Tanks with a volume of 500 to 1000 m ^{3 are} connected by channels from 1 to 4 m in diameter, equipped with high-performance pumps for pumping water from side to side and from bow to stern and vice versa. Given that the system must be fully operational at low arctic outdoor temperatures, it uses water with a high salt content or with additives that significantly lower the freezing point. Additionally, to prevent freezing, tanks and channels are fenced from the outside with cofferdams.

The disadvantages of this system are the presence of large and roll tank tanks, which occupy a significant internal space, the need to install pipes of large diameter (from 1 to 4 m), passing almost the entire length of the vessel and from side to side, the use of expensive high-performance pumps, as well as the need to constantly carry from 500 to 1000 cubic meters of water for the system to work.

A vessel with an air gap under the bottom is known, comprising a recess made in the bottom, which is limited by the bow red, side keels and aft inclined plane and is divided into separate sections by longitudinal keels and transverse visors located along the entire width of the recess and located along the stream along the recess, and an air source high pressure, connected with the cavity of the bottom of the vessel to create and maintain air spaces formed behind the transverse visors - artificial cavities (copyright certificate in the USSR №1145587 from 30.04.1994 till application №3664908 / 11 of 29.09.1983) - The prototype. The main element of the device is a bottom recess, inside of which an air gap is created - a single cavity with a wave profile. The longitudinal keels installed inside the recess divide this cavity into sections, restricting the lateral movement of air and thereby increasing the lateral stability of the vessel. The transverse visors provide the possibility of creating an air cavity with a wave profile in the recess during the movement of the vessel, preventing its destruction.

However, without the use of special measures when the vessel is moving in a continuous ice field, there is a likelihood of it jamming and freezing into ice.

The objective of the invention is to improve operational characteristics, increase economic efficiency and increase the ice penetration of a large sea transport vessel with an air cavity on the bottom due to the use of a trim and roll system for releasing the vessel after it is jammed and frozen into ice.

This is achieved by the fact that in a displacement vessel with an air cavity on the bottom with a trim-roll system, which has a recess in the bottom for the formation of a single air cavity with a wave profile, starting from the redan in the bow and limited to the skegs along the sides and the aft arch in the form of an inclined plate moreover, the cavity of the recess is in communication with the air supply system and with the system of bleeding air from it, and longitudinal keels are placed inside the recess, restricting the lateral movement of air along the bottom of the recess and dividing the recess into single sections, and transverse visors in the form of inclined plates following one after the other downstream, the bleeding and air supply systems in the longitudinal sections of the recess, as well as in the fore and aft parts of each longitudinal section bounded by the visors, are made independent from each other with the possibility separate supply and bleed air.

The equipment of each longitudinal section of the excavation with independent air bleeding and air supply systems makes it possible, when air is supplied to only one side section of the recess and when bleeding it from the opposite section, to ensure onboard buildup of the vessel. If you first supply air only in the bow of the recess and bleed off the stern, and then supply air only in the stern of the recess and bleed off the bow, then it is possible to provide keel buildup of the vessel. It turns out a simple but very effective autonomous ice-breaking device.

As a result, the proposed system operates similarly to the well-known system using trim and roll tanks. However, the proposed solution eliminates the loss of significant internal space occupied by trim and roll tanks, there are no large-diameter pipes extending along almost the entire length of the vessel and from side to side, expensive high-performance pumps are not used, and large volumes of water are not transported to operate the system .

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where: in FIG. 1 schematically shows a displacement vessel with an air gap on the bottom (side view), equipped with a bleeding and air supply system; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one;

The numbers and letter abbreviations in the figures indicate:

1 - the bottom of the vessel;

2 - a notch in the bottom of the vessel for the formation of a single air cavity with a wave profile;

3 - a single air cavity with a wave profile;

4 - redan;

5 - pipeline;

6 - source of forced air supply;

7 - longitudinal keel;

8 - transverse visors;

9 - aft arch;

10 - pipe for bleeding air;

OP - the main plane of the vessel.

A displacement vessel with an air cavity on the bottom with a trim-roll system contains: bottom 1 (Fig. 1) contains a recess 2 for forming an air gap - a single air cavity 3 with a wave profile. The recess made in the bottom of the vessel begins with redan 4, and ends with the aft vault 9. To create an air cavity 3 under the bottom of the vessel, the vessel contains an air supply system that includes a forced air supply source 6 and a pipe 5 connecting the forced air supply source 6 with a cavity of the recess 2. The pipeline 5 is equipped with shut-off and switching valves (not shown in the figures). Inside the recess 2, longitudinal keels 7 are placed, restricting the lateral movement of air along the bottom of the recess 2 (Fig. 2), as well as the transverse visors 8 in the form of inclined plates, following each other downstream along the length of the recess 2. In the fore and aft parts of each the longitudinal section of the recess 2 installed pipes 10 of the system for bleeding air from the cavity 3. Pipes 10 are equipped with valves (not shown).

The invention is as follows.

When the vessel is moving in conditions of clean (ice-free) water, air from the forced supply source 6 is supplied through pipelines 5 to the redan 4 and to the transverse visors 8 to create an air gap inside the recess 2 in the form of an artificial cavity 3. The supplied air is held in the reduced pressure zone liquid arising behind redan 4 and transverse visors 8, as a result of which, after redan 4 and each transverse visor 8, a system of separate successive air cavities is formed. Due to the supplied air, the lengths of the individual caverns gradually increase over time, reaching their limiting values, equal to the distances between the lower edges of the transverse peaks at the operational speed of travel 8. When the tail parts of the air caverns reach the lower edges of the transverse peaks 8, they are combined into a single air cavity 3 with wave profile. Ensuring the best integration of individual caverns into a single air cavity 3 is achieved for various modes of operation of the vessel by the corresponding volume of air supply into the cavity of the recess 2 and by choosing the appropriate location and dimensions of the transverse visors 8. At this point, the pressure in the single cavity 3 increases, as a result of which the amplitude of the wave profile the surface of the cavity 3 also decreases — the air-water interface — departs from the transverse visors 8, which no longer come into contact with water. To bleed air from the cavity 3 during emergency braking of the vessel, pipes 10 are used.

In the case when, when the vessel moves in a continuous ice field, it jams and freezes into ice, the air supply system can be used as a trim and roll system, which creates an icebreaking effect. For this, air supply and bleed systems are equipped with shut-off and switching valves controlled remotely by computer. This fixture allows you to separate the air flow, making them independent. Then, when air is supplied to only one side section of the recess and while bleeding it from the opposite section, the onboard buildup of the vessel is ensured. If you first supply air only in the bow of the recess and simultaneously bleed its aft, and then supply air only in the stern of the recess and bleed its bow, then it is possible to ensure keel buildup of the vessel. As a result of this, the vessel will be transferred from side to side, the bow and stern of the vessel will rise and fall, breaking ice and thereby being released from the ice captivity.

A displacement vessel with an air cover on the bottom with a trim-roll system designed for operation in ice fields can improve the operational characteristics of the ship without losing the significant internal space occupied by trim and roll tanks, without the risk of icing of trim and roll tanks, without installing large pipes diameter, passing almost the entire length of the ship and from side to side, and without the use of expensive high-performance pumps, as well as without the need for and continuously carry large volumes of water to the system, which distinguishes it from the vessels with the same purpose systems.

Claims (1)

A displacement vessel with an air cavity on the bottom with a trim-roll system, having a recess in the bottom for the formation of a single air cavity with a wave profile, starting with a redan in the bow and limited by skegs along the sides and aft arch in the form of an inclined plate, and the cavity of the recess is in communication with air supply system and with a system for bleeding air from it, and inside the recess there are longitudinal keels limiting the lateral movement of air along the bottom of the recess and dividing the recess into longitudinal sections, and across visors in the form of inclined plates following each other downstream, characterized in that the bleed and air supply systems in the longitudinal sections of the recess, as well as in the fore and aft parts of each longitudinal section, limited by the visors, are made independent from each other with the possibility of separate supply and bleed air.

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