RU2598689C2 - Method of generating high-frequency signals and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: method of generating high-frequency signals comprises converting the energy of a dc voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal by discontinuous variation of the amplitude of the dc voltage source at the moment of turning on said source, amplifying and limiting the amplitude of the high-frequency signal using a three-terminal nonlinear element and facilitating feedback. Further, the method includes satisfying excitation conditions in the form of an amplitude balance and a phase balance, which respectively determine the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and conditions of matching the nonlinear element with a load using a four-terminal element. The feedback used is the internal feedback of the three-terminal nonlinear element in the form of inter-electrode connections. Excitation conditions in the form of an amplitude balance and a phase balance and matching conditions are simultaneously satisfied on a given number of frequencies through the interaction of high-frequency signals with a radio circuit in the form of a three-terminal nonlinear element with inter-electrode connections connected between the output of the four-terminal element and the load on a circuit with a common one of three electrodes. The four-terminal element is a complex element consisting of reactive and resistive elements; the input of the complex four-terminal element is connected to an additional complex two-terminal element; values of the element z_22n of the resistance matrix of the complex four-terminal element are selected based on the condition of providing a steady-state generation mode in the form of the denominator of the transfer constant being equal to zero simultaneously at all given frequencies of the generated high-frequency signals for unknown amplitude of the dc voltage source.

EFFECT: enabling simultaneous generation of a high-frequency signal at a given number of frequencies.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio communications and can be used to create devices for generating high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies, which allows you to generate complex signals and create effective radio communications with a given number of radio channels.

A known method of generating a high-frequency signal, based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, organizing internal feedback in a non-linear element by using a bipolar non-linear element with negative differential resistance, fulfilling the excitation conditions in the form of amplitude balance and phase balance, which determine respectively, the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and non-linear matching conditions an element with a load (see IS Gonorovsky. Radio engineering circuits and signals. - M: "Bustard.", - 2006, p. 414-417).

A device for generating a high-frequency signal, consisting of a constant voltage source that sets the operating point in the middle of the falling section of the current-voltage characteristics of a bipolar nonlinear element with negative differential resistance, a four-terminal reactive load in the form of a parallel oscillatory circuit, while the parameters of the circuit, bipolar nonlinear element and varicap are selected from the condition of providing the given amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal ala (. cm Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals - M:. "Bustard" - 2006, p 414-417..).

The principle of operation of this device is as follows. When a constant voltage (current) source is turned on, due to an abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations arise in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of internal feedback in a bipolar nonlinear element, a negative differential resistance arises in a section with a falling current-voltage characteristic, which, by matching with a reactive four-terminal, compensates for losses in the circuit. Due to this, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is amplified until the amplitude of this oscillation increases to a level at which the amplitude goes beyond the falling section of the current-voltage characteristic. There is a stationary mode.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a method of generating a high-frequency signal based on converting the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, organizing external positive feedback between the load and the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, and fulfilling the excitation conditions in the form of an amplitude balance and phase balance, respectively determining the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and conditions oglasovaniya nonlinear element to the load (. cm Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals - M:.. "Bustard" - 2006, p 383-401).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a high-frequency signal generating device consisting of a constant voltage source that sets an operating point in the middle of the quasilinear section of the current-voltage characteristic of the transistor, reactive four-terminal, load in the form of a parallel oscillatory circuit, RC - external positive circuit feedback between the load and the control electrode of the transistor, while the parameters of the circuit, transistor and varic and selected to provide predetermined amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal (see Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals - M:.. "Bustard" - 2006, p 383-401..).

The principle of operation of this device is as follows. When a constant voltage (current) source is turned on, due to an abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations arise in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of a positive feedback circuit, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit is supplied to the control electrode of the transistor, which, by matching with the reactive four-terminal device, starts working in the amplification mode until the amplitude of this oscillation increases to the level at which the mode saturation (amplitude limits). There is a stationary mode.

The disadvantages of these methods and devices is the generation of a high-frequency signal at only one frequency. In addition, it does not indicate how it is necessary to choose the values of the parameters of the reactive four-port network at which the excitation mode and the stationary mode occur. This question arises especially sharply when designing generation devices in the HF and UHF bands, on which the reactive components of the parameters of nonlinear elements must be taken into account. Currently, the classical theory of radio circuits does not take this into account. Moreover, with the help of reactive four-terminal it is not always possible to provide the conditions for the generation, since they have certain areas of physical feasibility (areas of variation of the real and imaginary components of the load resistance), within which the matching conditions are realized (A. Golovkov. Complex electronic devices. M .: Radio and communications, 1996. - 128 p.).

The technical result of the invention is to increase the range of generated oscillations when using complex four-terminal with concentrated parameters, the generation of high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies and the expansion of the field of physical feasibility, which allows you to generate complex signals and create efficient generation devices for radio communications with a given number of radio channels for any given frequency load characteristics.

1. The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of generating high-frequency signals, which consists in the fact that the energy of a constant voltage source is converted into energy of a high-frequency signal by abruptly changing the amplitude of the constant voltage source at the time of its inclusion, amplify and limit the amplitude of the high-frequency signal using of a three-pole nonlinear element and feedback organization, fulfill the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and phase balance, which determine the corresponding In particular, the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and the conditions for matching a nonlinear element with a load using a four-terminal device, additionally use the internal feedback of a three-pole nonlinear element in the form of interelectrode bonds as the feedback, the excitation conditions in the form of amplitude balance and phase balance and matching conditions are simultaneously satisfied at a given number of frequencies due to the fact that the interaction of high-frequency signals with a radio circuit in the form of three olyusnogo nonlinear element with interelectrode bonds between the output quadripole and the load on the circuit with a common one of the three electrodes quadripole operate complex of the reactive and resistive elements, to the input of integrated quadripole, an additional integrated two-terminal, element values z _22n matrix complex quadripole resistance selected from conditions for ensuring the stationary generation regime in the form of equal to zero denominator of the transmission coefficient simultaneously on Cex predetermined frequencies generated by the high-frequency signal at a constant amplitude DC voltage source in accordance with the following mathematical expression:

,

,

;

,

,

,

- заданные значения соответствующих элементов матрицы сопротивлений трехполюсного нелинейного элемента с межэлектродными связями на заданном количестве частот при заданной амплитуде постоянного напряжения; z_11n, z_21n - заданные значения соответствующих элементов матрицы сопротивлений комплексного четырехполюсника на заданном количестве частот; z_0n - заданные значения комплексных сопротивлений дополнительного двухполюсника на заданном количестве частот; z_нn - заданные значения комплексных сопротивлений нагрузки на заданном количестве частот; n=1, 2… - номера частот.Where

;

,

,

,

- the set values of the corresponding elements of the resistance matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element with interelectrode bonds at a given number of frequencies for a given amplitude of a constant voltage; z _11n , z _21n - set values of the corresponding elements of the resistance matrix of a complex four-terminal _network at a given number of frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the additional two-terminal network at a given number of frequencies; z _nn - set values of the complex load resistances at a given number of frequencies; n = 1, 2 ... - frequency numbers.

2. The indicated result is achieved by the fact that in the device for generating high-frequency signals, consisting of a constant voltage source, a three-pole nonlinear element, a four-terminal device and a load, a nonlinear element with interelectrode connections is additionally used, the four-terminal device is complex in the form of cascade-connected two L-shaped connections of four two-terminal networks with complex impedances _{z 1n, z 2n, z 3n} , z 4n, fourth two-pole cascade-connected two T-shaped joints formed of SEQ Tel'nykh connected first resistive two-terminal resistance R _1, the first coil with inductance L _1, and connected in parallel between a second resistive two-terminal resistance R ₂ and a second coil with inductance L _2, three-pole nonlinear element with interelectrode links included between the output of the complex four-pole and the load on circuit with a common one of the three electrodes, an additional two-terminal with complex resistance is connected to the input of the complex four-terminal network, and the parameter values The Fourth two-terminal cascade-connected two T-shaped connections are defined in accordance with the following mathematical expression:

;

;

;

;

;

;

;

;

- оптимальные значения сопротивления четвертого комплексного двухполюсника комплексного четырехполюсника на двух частотах;where r ₁ , r ₂ , x ₁ , x ₂ are the optimal values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance of the fourth complex two-terminal complex four-terminal at two frequencies;

- the optimal resistance values of the fourth complex two-terminal complex four-terminal at two frequencies;

;

,

,

,

- заданные значения соответствующих элементов матрицы сопротивлений трехполюсного нелинейного элемента с межэлектродными связями на заданном количестве частот при заданной амплитуде постоянного напряжения; z_1n, Z_2n, Z_3n - заданные значения сопротивлений первого, второго и третьего комплексных двухполюсников комплексного четырехполюсника на двух частотах; z_0n - заданные значения комплексных сопротивлений дополнительного двухполюсника на двух частотах; z_нn - заданные значения комплексных сопротивлений нагрузки на двух частотах; ω_1,2=2πf_1,2; n=1,2 - номера заданных двух частот f_1,2.

;

,

,

,

- the set values of the corresponding elements of the resistance matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element with interelectrode bonds at a given number of frequencies for a given amplitude of a constant voltage; z _1n , Z _2n , Z _3n - set values of the resistances of the first, second and third complex two-terminal complex four-terminal at two frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the additional two-terminal network at two frequencies; z _нn - set values of the complex load resistances at two frequencies; ω _1,2 = 2πf _1,2 ; n = 1,2 - numbers of the given two frequencies f _1,2 .

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for generating high-frequency signals (prototype) that implements the prototype method.

In FIG. 2 shows a structural diagram of the proposed device according to p. 2., which implements the proposed method according to p. 1.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a complex quadrupole included in the proposed device, a diagram of which is shown in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 4 is a diagram of a fourth complex two-terminal network included in a four-terminal network, the circuit of which is shown in FIG. 3.

The prototype device (Fig. 1) that implements the prototype method, contains a direct transmission circuit in the form of a three-pole non-linear element VT-1 connected to a constant voltage source-2, the first matching filtering device (SFU) -3 (first reactive four-terminal or the first matching four-terminal network) and the oscillatory circuit on the elements L-4, R-5, C-6, which is load-7. The first SFU-3 is connected between the output electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element and the load. Between the load and the control electrode of the three-pole nonlinear element, the second SFU-9 (second reactive four-terminal or second matching four-terminal) is connected with the first two-terminal-8 connected to its input and to the second two-terminal-10 output with complex resistances in the transverse circuits. All this together forms an external feedback circuit. The first two-terminal-8 is connected to the load. The second two-terminal-10 is connected to the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element.

The principle of operation of the device for generating high-frequency signals (prototype) that implements the prototype method is as follows.

When a constant voltage source-2 is turned on, due to an abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations occur in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of external feedback, matching the output electrode of the three-pole nonlinear element and load (direct transmission circuit) with the first reactive four-terminal-3, matching with the feedback circuit (the first two-terminal-8 with complex resistance, the second reactive four-terminal-9 and second bipolar-10 with complex resistance) load and the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element compensates for losses in the circuit L-4, R-5, C-6. Due to this, the feedback becomes positive and the conditions of the balance of phases and amplitudes are realized - the conditions for the excitation of electromagnetic oscillations. As a result, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is supplied to the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, which at the initial stage operates in amplification mode. The amplitude of this oscillation is amplified until it increases to a level at which the limiting state of a three-pole nonlinear element occurs. The stationary mode of generation sets in.

The disadvantages of the prototype method and device for its implementation are described above.

;

;

на заданных частотах генерируемых сигналов, подключенный к источнику постоянного напряжения-2. Дополнительный двухполюсник-11 имитирует сопротивление z_0n=r_0n+jx_0n источника высокочастотных колебаний в режиме усиления, возникающих при включении источника постоянного напряжения-2 в момент скачкообразного изменения амплитуды его напряжения в режиме генерации и подключен к входу комплексного четырехполюсника-12. Трехполюсный нелинейный элемент-1 включен по высокой частоте между выходом четырехполюсника-12 и нагрузкой-13 с сопротивлениями z_нn=r_нn+jx_нn на заданных частотах. Четырехполюсник-12 (согласующее-фильтрующее устройство (СФУ)) выполнен комплексным в виде двух каскадно-соединенных Г-образных соединений четырех комплексных двухполюсников (Фиг. 3) с заданными сопротивлениями z_1n - 14, z_2n - 15, z_3n - 16, z_4n - 17. Синтез генератора (выбор значений элемента z₂₂ матрицы сопротивлений СФУ, схемы четвертого двухполюсника СФУ из последовательно соединенных первого резистивного двухполюсника с сопротивлением R₁ - 18, первой катушки с индуктивностью L₁ - 19 и параллельно соединенных между собой второго резистивного двухполюсника с сопротивлением R₂ - 20 и второй катушки с индуктивностью L₂ - 21 (Фиг. 4) и значений этих параметров) осуществлен по критерию обеспечения баланса амплитуд и баланса фаз путем реализации равенства нулю знаменателя коэффициента передачи устройства генерации в режиме усиления одновременно на двух заданных частотах генерируемых сигналов при постоянной амплитуде постоянного напряжения. В режиме генерации источник входного высокочастотного сигнала отключается и вместо него устанавливается короткозамыкающая перемычка.The proposed device according to p. 2 (Fig. 2), which implements the proposed method according to p. 1, contains a three-pole non-linear element-1 with known elements of the resistance matrix

;

;

at given frequencies of the generated signals, connected to a constant voltage source-2. An additional two-terminal-11 simulates the resistance z _0n = r _0n + jx _{0n of} a high-frequency oscillation source in the amplification mode that occurs when a constant-voltage source-2 is turned on at the time of an abrupt change in its voltage amplitude in the generation mode and is connected to the input of a complex four-terminal-12. The three-pole non-linear element-1 is switched on at a high frequency between the output of the four-terminal-12 and the load-13 with resistances z _нn = r _нn + jx _нn at given frequencies. The four-terminal-12 (matching-filtering device (SFU)) is made complex in the form of two cascade-connected L-shaped connections of four complex two-terminal devices (Fig. 3) with specified resistances z _1n - 14, z _2n - 15, z _3n - 16, z _4n - 17. Synthesis generator (selection resistances matrix element values z SibFU _22, the fourth two-pole circuit SibFU of series-connected two-terminal of the first resistor with a resistance R ₁ - 18, the first coil with inductance L ₁ - 19 and a parallel-connected between the second resistive bipole Single resistance R ₂ - 20 and a second coil with inductance L ₂ - 21 (. Figure 4) and values for those parameters) carried by the criterion to balance the amplitude and phase balance by implementing the vanishing denominator generation unit gain in the amplification mode, simultaneously on two given frequencies of the generated signals at a constant amplitude of a constant voltage. In the generation mode, the input source of the high-frequency signal is turned off and a short-circuit jumper is installed instead.

The proposed device operates as follows.

When a constant voltage source-2 is turned on, due to an abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations occur in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of internal feedback (formed due to the existing interelectrode bonds of a three-pole nonlinear element, for example, interelectrode capacitances), a negative resistance arises in the circuit, which, due to the synthesis of the complex four-pole-12 in this way, compensates for losses in the entire circuit simultaneously at two given frequencies. The oscillation amplitudes with given frequencies are amplified to certain levels and then limited. Due to this, the oscillations with the given two frequencies are amplified until the amplitudes of these oscillations increase to a level at which the amplitude goes beyond the quasilinear section of the current-voltage characteristic. There is a stationary mode. Finally, as a result of the interaction of signals at two frequencies with nonlinear elements, products of nonlinear interaction with combination frequencies ω _n = Ιω ₁ ± Κω ₂ , I, K = 0, 1, 2 ... arise.

, $$r_{12}^{*}$$

, $$r_{21}^{*}$$

$$r_{22}^{*}$$

, $$x_{11}^{*}$$

$$x_{12}^{*}$$

, $$x_{21}^{*}$$

, $$x_{22}^{*}$$

от частоты при заданной амплитуде постоянного напряжения. Для простоты записи аргументы ω=2πf (круговая частота) и U, I (напряжение или ток постоянной амплитуды источника питания) опущены. Таким образом, известна матрица сопротивлений транзистора:Let us prove the feasibility of implementing these properties. Let the dependences of the resistance z ₀ = r ₀ + jx _{0 of} an imaginary signal source that occurs when the DC voltage source, the load z _n = r _n + jx _n and the dependences of the real and imaginary components of the resistance matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element be known $$r_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{*}$$

, $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="r"\; filenames="00000067.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}_{12}^{*}$$

, $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="21"\; label="r"\; filenames="00000069.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}_{21}^{*}$$

$$r_{22}^{*}$$

, $$x_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{*}$$

$$x_{12}^{*}$$

, $$x_{21}^{*}$$

, $$x_{22}^{*}$$

from frequency at a given amplitude of a constant voltage. For simplicity of writing, the arguments ω = 2πf (circular frequency) and U, I (voltage or current of constant amplitude of the power source) are omitted. Thus, the transistor resistance matrix is known:

and the corresponding classical transfer matrix:

. Знак * введен в интересах обеспечения отличия элементов матрицы сопротивлений трехполюсного элемента от соответствующих элементов матриц сопротивлений комплексного четырехполюсника или СФУ:Where

. The sign * is introduced in the interest of ensuring the difference between the elements of the resistance matrix of a three-pole element from the corresponding elements of the resistance matrices of a complex four-terminal or SFU:

and the corresponding classical transfer matrix:

- определитель матрицы (3) с учетом условия взаимности комплексного четырехполюсника z₁₂=-z₂₁.Where

- determinant of the matrix (3), taking into account the reciprocity condition of the complex four-terminal network z ₁₂ = -z ₂₁ .

Multiply matrices (4) and (2). Taking into account the normalization conditions (Feldstein A.L., Yavich L.R. Synthesis of four-terminal and eight-terminal devices on a microwave. M .: Svyaz, 1971. p. 34-36), we obtain the general normalized classical transmission matrix of the entire generation device in amplification mode:

Using the known relations between the elements of the classical transfer matrix and the elements of the scattering matrix (ibid.), Taking into account (5), we obtain the expression for the transfer coefficient:

.A physically realized transfer function is related to the transfer coefficient by a simple relation:

.

Let us show that the condition for ensuring the stationary generation mode (the condition of the balance of amplitudes and phase balance) corresponds to the vanishing of the denominator of the transmission coefficient (6).

, где первое слагаемое - это сопротивление z₀ пассивной части генератора; второе слагаемое с учетом матриц передачи (2), (4) - это входное сопротивление активной части генератора в виде комплексного четырехполюсника, нагруженного на входное сопротивление

трехполюсного нелинейного элемента, нагруженного на сопротивление z_н нагрузки. Если это условие записать в виде другого равенства

, то ее можно трактовать как условие баланса амплитуд и баланса фаз 1-КВ=0 (Гоноровский И.С. Радиотехнические цепи и сигналы. - М: «Дрофа»., - 2006, с. 383-401) для эквивалентной цепи с внешней положительной обратной связью.The denominator of the gain in gain mode is represented in the form corresponding to the condition for the emergence of a stationary generation mode (A. Kulikovsky. Stability of active linearized circuits with amplifiers of a new type. M-L.: SEI, 1962. 192 pp.):

where the first term is the resistance z _{0 of the} passive part of the generator; the second term, taking into account the transfer matrices (2), (4), is the input resistance of the active part of the generator in the form of a complex four-terminal, loaded on the input resistance

a three-pole non-linear element, loaded on the resistance z _n load. If this condition is written as another equality

, then it can be interpreted as a condition for the balance of amplitudes and phase balance 1-KB = 0 (Gonorovsky IS Radio engineering circuits and signals. - M: “Bustard.”, - 2006, p. 383-401) for an equivalent circuit with an external positive feedback.

The solution of the complex equation formed from the equal to zero denominator (6):

, $$z_{12}^{*}$$

, $$z_{21}^{*}$$

$$z_{22}^{*}$$

является оптимальной аппроксимирующей функцией частотной зависимости соответствующего элемента (Z₁₁) матрицы сопротивлений СФУ. Если реализовать эту аппроксимирующую функцию в пределах какой-либо полосы частот или на отдельных частотах, то в этой полосе частот или на этих частотах будут обеспечены условия баланса фаз и амплитуд. Для этого необходимо взять любую типовую схему СФУ, найти матрицу сопротивлений этой схемы и найденные таким образом элементы этой матрицы, выраженные через параметры схемы, подставить в (7) и решить сформированное комплексное уравнение относительно сопротивления выбранного одного двухполюсника. Частотные характеристики остальных параметров r₀, x₀, r_н, x_н, $$r_{12}^{*}$$

, $$r_{21}^{*}$$

, $$r_{22}^{*}$$

, $$x_{12}^{*}$$

, $$x_{21}^{*}$$

, $$x_{22}^{*}$$

и оставшихся двухполюсников СФУ могут быть выбраны произвольно или исходя из каких-либо других физических соображений.The resulting relationship of the elements of the resistance matrix of SFU (7), taking into account the given frequency dependences z ₁₁ , z ₂₁ , z ₀ , z _n , $$z_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{*}$$

, $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="z"\; filenames="00000067.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{12}^{*}$$

, $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="21"\; label="z"\; filenames="00000069.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{21}^{*}$$

$$z_{22}^{*}$$

is an optimal approximating function of the frequency dependence of the corresponding element (Z ₁₁ ) of the SFU resistance matrix. If this approximating function is realized within any frequency band or at separate frequencies, then in this frequency band or at these frequencies the conditions of phase and amplitude balance will be provided. For this, it is necessary to take any typical SFU circuit, find the resistance matrix of this circuit and the elements of this matrix found in this way, expressed in terms of the circuit parameters, substitute in (7) and solve the generated complex equation for the resistance of the selected one two-terminal network. The frequency characteristics of the remaining parameters r ₀ , x ₀ , r _n , x _n , $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="r"\; filenames="00000067.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}_{12}^{*}$$

, $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="21"\; label="r"\; filenames="00000069.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}_{21}^{*}$$

, $$r_{22}^{*}$$

, $$x_{12}^{*}$$

, $$x_{21}^{*}$$

, $$x_{22}^{*}$$

and the remaining two-terminal SFUs can be chosen arbitrarily or on the basis of any other physical considerations.

In accordance with the above algorithm, expressions are obtained for finding the optimal approximation of the frequency dependence of the complex resistance of the fourth SFU bipolar (complex quadrupole) in the form of cascade-connected two L-shaped connections (Fig. 4) from four complex two-terminal devices:

where n = 1, 2 ... are the numbers of the interpolation frequencies. Resistance z _1n , z _2n , z _3n can be chosen arbitrarily or on the basis of any other physical considerations. The index n must also be introduced in other notation of physical quantities that explicitly depend on the frequency. The physical meaning of solution (8) is that the frequency dependence of the complex resistance of the fourth SFU bipolar should be inverse in sign and equal in absolute value to the total frequency dependence of the input complex resistance of the device to the right of z _4n and the input complex resistance of the device to the left of z _4n . In this case, generation would be ensured over the entire frequency spectrum. However, the implementation of (8) in a continuous, even very narrow frequency band, is not possible.

To implement optimal approximation (8) on a finite number of frequencies by interpolation, it is necessary to form a two-terminal network with a resistance z _4n of at least 2Ν (Ν is the number of interpolation frequencies) of elements of type R, L, C, find expressions for their resistances, and equate their optimal values resistances of a two-terminal network at given frequencies, determined by formulas (8), and solve the system of 2N equations formed in this way with respect to 2N selected parameters R, L, C. The values of the parameters of the remaining elements can be chosen arbitrarily or on the basis of any other physical considerations, such as the condition of physical realizability. Let the fourth SFU bipolar with resistance z _{4n be} formed from the first resistive bipolar with resistance R ₁ connected in series, the first coil with inductance L ₁ and the second resistive bipolar with resistance R ₂ and the second coil with inductance L ₂ connected in parallel (Fig. 4) . The complex resistance of the fourth bipolar SFU:

In (9), we divide the real and imaginary parts between ourselves and for N = 2 we compose a system of four equations:

Decision:

;

;

;

;

r ₁ , r ₂ , x ₁ , x ₂ are the optimal values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance of the second complex two-terminal complex four-terminal at two frequencies.

The implementation of optimal approximations of the frequency characteristics of the four-terminal network (7) with the help of cascade-connected two L-shaped links (8) and the fourth two-terminal network of these links using (9), (11), provides the implementation of the condition for the balance of amplitudes and phase balance simultaneously at two given frequencies . As a result of the interaction of signals at two frequencies with a nonlinear element in the generation mode, products of nonlinear interaction arise with Raman frequencies ω _n = Ιω ₁ ± Κω ₂ , I, K = 0, 1, 2 ...

The proposed technical solutions have an inventive step, since it does not explicitly follow from the published scientific data and the known technical solutions that the claimed sequence of operations (the implementation of the generating device in the form shown in Fig. 2, the execution of the four-terminal system in the form of four connected in the form described above two-terminal (FIG. 3), the formation of the fourth two-terminal series-connected two-terminal of the first resistor to the resistance R _1, the first katu ki with inductance L _1, and connected in parallel between a second resistive two-terminal resistance R ₂ and a second coil with inductance L ₂ (FIG. 4), selecting the values of the element z ₂₂ matrix resistances integrated quadripole, selecting parameters of the fourth two-pole SibFU of conditions ensuring steady generation mode at two frequencies with an unchanged state of a three-pole nonlinear element), simultaneously provides the formation of high-frequency signals at given frequencies at a constant amp Occurrence of a constant voltage source.

The proposed technical solutions are practically applicable, since transistors (p-n-p or n-p-n), inductances, resistors and capacitances formed in the claimed circuit of a complex four-terminal circuit can be used for their implementation. The values of the parameters of the resistive elements and inductances included in the circuit of the fourth two-terminal SFU can be uniquely determined using mathematical expressions given in the claims.

The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed method and device consists in simultaneously ensuring the generation of a high-frequency signal at a given number of frequencies by selecting the circuit and parameter values of the elements of the complex, quadrupole, according to the criterion of providing conditions for the balance of phases and amplitudes at these frequencies with a non-linear bipolar state element with negative differential resistance, which allows you to generate complex signals and create radio communications, functioning at a given number of radio channels with arbitrary load characteristics.

Claims (2)

1. The method of generating high-frequency signals, which consists in the fact that the energy of a constant voltage source is converted into energy of a high-frequency signal due to a stepwise change in the amplitude of the constant voltage source at the time of its inclusion, amplify and limit the amplitude of the high-frequency signal using a three-pole nonlinear element and organization of feedback, excitation conditions are fulfilled in the form of a balance of amplitudes and a phase balance, which respectively determine the amplitude and frequency of the generated high frequencies signal, and the conditions for matching a nonlinear element with a load using a four-terminal device, characterized in that the internal feedback of a three-pole nonlinear element in the form of interelectrode bonds is used as feedback, the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and phase balance and matching conditions are simultaneously satisfied at a given the number of frequencies due to the fact that the interaction of high-frequency signals with a radio circuit in the form of a three-pole nonlinear element with interelectrode by connecting between the output of the four-terminal and the load according to a circuit with a common one of three electrodes, the four-terminal is made of a complex of reactive and resistive elements, an additional complex two-terminal is connected to the input of the complex four-terminal, the values of the element z _{22n of} the resistance matrix of the complex four-terminal are selected from the condition for ensuring the stationary mode generation in the form of equality to zero of the denominator of the transmission coefficient simultaneously at all given frequencies of the generated high-frequency of the corresponding signals at a constant amplitude of the constant voltage source in accordance with the following mathematical expression:

Where

- set values of the corresponding elements of the resistance matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element with interelectrode
connections on a given number of frequencies for a given amplitude of a constant voltage; z _11n , z _21n - set values of the corresponding elements of the resistance matrix of a complex four-terminal _network at a given number of frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the additional two-terminal network at a given number of frequencies; z _nn - set values of the complex load resistances at a given number of frequencies; n = 1, 2 ... - frequency numbers. 2. A device for generating high-frequency signals, consisting of a constant voltage source, a three-pole nonlinear element, a four-terminal device and a load, characterized in that a three-pole nonlinear element with interelectrode connections is used, the four-terminal device is complex in the form of cascade-connected two L-shaped connections of four two-terminal devices with complex resistances z _1n , z _2n , z _3n , z _4n , the fourth bipolar of the cascade-connected two L-shaped connections is formed of series-connected ne first resistive two-terminal with resistance R ₁ , the first coil with inductance L ₁ and parallel connected between the second resistive two-terminal with resistance R ₂ and the second coil with inductance L ₂ , a three-pole nonlinear element with interelectrode connections is connected between the output of the complex four-terminal and the load according to the circuit with a common one of the three electrodes, an additional two-terminal with complex resistance is connected to the input of the complex four-terminal, and the values of the parameters of the fourth two-terminal Single cascade-connected two L-shaped connections are defined in accordance with the following mathematical expression:

where r ₁ , r ₂ , x ₁ , x ₂ are the optimal values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance of the fourth complex two-terminal complex four-terminal at two frequencies;

- the optimal resistance values of the fourth complex two-terminal complex four-terminal at two frequencies;

- the set values of the corresponding elements of the resistance matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element with interelectrode bonds at a given number of frequencies for a given amplitude of a constant voltage; z _1n , z _2n , z _3n are the given values of the resistances of the first, second, and third complex two-terminal systems of a complex four-terminal network at two frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the additional two-terminal network at two frequencies; z _нn - set values of the complex load resistances at two frequencies; ω _1,2 = 2πf _1,2 ; n = 1, 2 - numbers of the given two frequencies f _1,2 .

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