RU2568379C1 - Generation method of high-frequency signals and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: generation method of high-frequency signals is based on energy conversion of a constant voltage source to energy of a high-frequency signal, interaction of the high-frequency signal with a direct transmission circuit made of a three-pole nonlinear element and four-pole, a load and a circuit of an external feedback, fulfilment of excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and a balance of phases, which determine amplitude and frequency of generated high-frequency signals, matching conditions of the direct transmission circuit with the load and matching conditions of the load with a control electrode of the three-pole nonlinear element; with that, the load is made in the form of the first bipole with complex resistance; as the circuit of the external feedback there used is an arbitrary complex four-pole parallel connected to the direct transmission circuit.

EFFECT: enlarging the range of generated oscillations, which allows shaping complex signals and creating effective radio communication devices with the specified number of radio channels.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio communication and can be used to create devices for generating high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies with arbitrary frequency characteristics of the load, which allows you to generate complex signals and create effective means of radio communication with a given number of radio channels.

A known method of generating a high-frequency signal, based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, organizing internal feedback in a non-linear element by using a bipolar non-linear element with negative differential resistance, fulfilling the excitation conditions in the form of amplitude balance and phase balance, which determine respectively, the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and non-linear matching conditions an element with a load (see IS Honorovsky. Radio engineering circuits and signals. - M.: “Drofa”, 2006, p. 414-417).

A device for generating a high-frequency signal, consisting of a constant voltage source that sets the operating point in the middle of the falling section of the current-voltage characteristics of a bipolar nonlinear element with negative differential resistance, a four-terminal reactive load in the form of a parallel oscillatory circuit, while the parameters of the circuit, bipolar nonlinear element and varicap are selected from the condition of providing the given amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal ala (. cm Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals -. M .: "Bustard", 2006, pp 414-417.).

The principle of operation of this device is as follows. When a constant voltage (current) source is turned on, due to an abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations arise in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of internal feedback in a bipolar nonlinear element, a negative differential resistance arises in a section with a falling current-voltage characteristic, which, by matching with a reactive four-terminal, compensates for losses in the circuit. Due to this, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is amplified until the amplitude of this oscillation increases to a level at which the amplitude goes beyond the falling section of the current-voltage characteristic. There is a stationary mode.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a method of generating a high-frequency signal based on converting the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, organizing external positive feedback between the load and the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, and fulfilling the excitation conditions in the form of an amplitude balance and phase balance, respectively determining the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and conditions oglasovaniya nonlinear element to the load (. cm Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals -. M .: "Bustard", 2006, pp 383-401.).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a device for generating a high-frequency signal, consisting of a constant voltage source that sets the operating point in the middle of the quasilinear section of the current-voltage characteristic of the transistor, reactive four-terminal, load in the form of a parallel oscillatory circuit, external positive RC-circuit feedback between the load and the control electrode of the transistor, while the parameters of the circuit, transistor and varicap selected to provide predetermined amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal (see Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals -.. M .: "Bustard", 2006, pp 383-401.).

The principle of operation of this device is as follows. When a constant voltage (current) source is turned on, due to an abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations arise in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of a positive feedback circuit, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is supplied to the control electrode of the transistor, which, by matching with the reactive four-terminal device, starts to operate in the amplification mode until the amplitude of this oscillation increases to the level at which saturation mode (amplitude limits). There is a stationary mode.

The disadvantage of these methods and devices is the generation of a high-frequency signal at only one frequency. In addition, it does not indicate how it is necessary to choose the values of the parameters of the reactive four-port network at which the excitation mode and the stationary mode occur. This question arises especially sharply when designing generation devices in the HF and UHF bands, on which the reactive components of the parameters of nonlinear elements must be taken into account. Currently, the classical theory of radio circuits does not take this into account. Another disadvantage should be considered the lack of the possibility of generation at arbitrary complex load resistances.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the range of generated oscillations, generate high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies for arbitrary complex load resistances, which allows you to generate complex signals and create efficient generation devices for radio communications with a given number of radio channels for any given frequency characteristics of the load, for example, an antenna. The possibility of using various options for including a three-pole nonlinear element with respect to the four-terminal and various types of feedback, as well as the choice of these four-terminal integrated systems expand the possibilities of the physical realizability of this result.

1. The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of generating high-frequency signals, based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, the interaction of a high-frequency signal with a direct transmission circuit made of cascade-connected three-pole nonlinear element and four-pole, load and external circuit feedback, the fulfillment of the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and a balance of phases, which determine respectively the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signals, conditions for matching a direct transmission circuit with a load, and conditions for matching a load with a control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, the load is additionally performed in the form of a first two-terminal with complex resistance, an arbitrary complex four-terminal connected in parallel to a direct transmission circuit is used as an external feedback circuit, the quadripole circuit in the direct transmission circuit is complex, the direct transmission circuit and the feedback circuit as a single cascade node о include between the introduced second two-terminal with a complex resistance simulating the resistance of the generator signal source in the amplification mode and the load, the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and phase balance and matching conditions are simultaneously fulfilled at a given number of frequencies by choosing the resistance values of the first two-terminal that implements z _{нn of the} load, from the condition of providing a stationary generation mode in the form of equality to zero of the denominator of the transmission coefficient in the amplification mode at all given frequencies of the generated high-frequency signals at a constant amplitude of the constant voltage source in accordance with the following mathematical expressions:

Where

, $$y_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{VT}$$

- заданные значения комплексных элементов матрицы проводимостей трехполюсного нелинейного элемента в цепи прямой передачи на заданных частотах; $$y_{11n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{OC}$$

- заданные значения комплексных элементов матрицы проводимостей комплексного четырехполюсника цепи обратной связи на заданных частотах; z_0n  - заданные значения комплексных сопротивлений второго двухполюсника на заданных частотах; n=1, 2, …, N - номера заданных частот.a_nb_n, c_n, d_n - setpoints of the complex elements of the classical transmission matrix of a complex four-terminal network in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies; $$y_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{VT}$$

 - setpoints of complex elements of the conductivity matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies; $$y_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{OC}$$

 - setpoints of the complex elements of the conductivity matrix of a complex quadrupole feedback circuit at given frequencies; z_0n - setpoints of the complex resistances of the second two-terminal network at given frequencies; n = 1, 2, ..., N - numbers of the given frequencies.

2. The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the device for generating high-frequency signals, consisting of a constant voltage source, a direct transmission circuit of cascade-connected three-pole nonlinear element and four-terminal, load and external feedback circuit, additionally the load is made in the form of the first two-terminal with complex resistance , as an external feedback circuit, an arbitrary complex four-terminal circuit connected in parallel to a direct transmission circuit was used, a four-terminal circuit direct transfer is made complex, circuit line transmission and the feedback circuit as a unit cascade connected between the introduction of the second two-pole with a complex resistance simulating impedance z _0n oscillator signal source to the amplifier mode, and a load, a first two-terminal network with a complex impedance z _Hn formed of series-connected the first resistive bipolar with a resistance R ₁ , a capacitor with a capacitance C, an arbitrary complex bipolar with a given resistance Z _0n = R _0n + jX _0n and parallel The second resistive two-terminal with resistance R ₂ and the coil with inductance L are interconnected, and the parameter values are determined from the condition that the denominator of the transmission coefficient at two frequencies be equal to zero using the following mathematical expressions:

где

Where

, $$y_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{VT}$$

- заданные значения комплексных элементов матрицы проводимостей трехполюсного нелинейного элемента в цепи прямой передачи на заданных частотах; $$y_{11n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{OC}$$

- заданные значения комплексных элементов матрицы проводимостей комплексного четырехполюсника цепи обратной связи на заданных частотах; z_0n - заданные значения комплексных сопротивлений второго двухполюсника на заданных частотах; R_r1, R_r2, X_r1, X_r2 - оптимальные значения действительных и мнимых составляющих сопротивления z_нn первого двухполюсника на двух частотах; n=1, 2 - номера заданных частот.a _n , b _n , c _n , d _n - given values of the complex elements of the classical transmission matrix of a complex four-terminal network in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies f _n ; ω _n = 2πf _n ; $$y_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{VT}$$

- setpoints of complex elements of the conductivity matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies; $$y_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{OC}$$

- setpoints of the complex elements of the conductivity matrix of a complex quadrupole feedback circuit at given frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the second two-terminal network at given frequencies; R _r1 , R _r2 , X _r1 , X _r2 - the optimal values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance z _{nn of the} first two-terminal network at two frequencies; n = 1, 2 - numbers of the given frequencies.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for generating high-frequency signals (prototype) that implements the prototype method.

In FIG. 2 shows a structural diagram of the proposed generation device according to claim 2., which implements the proposed method according to claim 1.

In FIG. 3 is a diagram of a complex two-terminal network that realizes at two frequencies the optimal values of the generator load resistance, the circuit of which is shown in FIG. 2.

The prototype device (Fig. 1) that implements the prototype method contains a direct transmission circuit in the form of a three-pole non-linear element VT - 1 connected to a constant voltage source - 2, the first matching filtering device (SFU) - 3 (the first reactive four-terminal or the first matching four-terminal network) and the oscillatory circuit on the elements L - 4, R - 5, C - 6, which is the load - 7. The first SFU - 3 is connected between the output electrode of the three-pole nonlinear element and the load. Between the load and the control electrode of the three-pole non-linear element, the second SFU - 9 (second reactive four-terminal or second matching four-terminal) is connected with the first two-terminal - 8 connected to its input and 10 with the second two-terminal output with complex resistances in the transverse circuits. All this together forms an external feedback circuit. The first two-terminal - 8 is connected to the load. The second two-terminal - 10 is connected to the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element.

The principle of operation of the device for generating high-frequency signals (prototype) that implements the prototype method is as follows.

When you turn on the DC voltage source - 2 due to the abrupt change in the amplitude in the entire circuit, oscillations occur, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of external feedback, matching with the first reactive four-terminal device - 3 output electrodes of a three-pole nonlinear element and load (direct transfer circuit), matching with a feedback circuit (first two-terminal device - 8 with complex resistance, second reactive four-terminal device - 9 and second bipolar - 10 with complex resistance) of the load and the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element compensates for losses in the circuit L - 4, R - 5, C - 6. Due to this, the inverse the connection becomes positive and the conditions for the balance of phases and amplitudes are realized - the conditions for the excitation of electromagnetic waves. As a result, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is supplied to the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, which at the initial stage operates in amplification mode. The amplitude of this oscillation is amplified until it increases to a level at which the limiting state of a three-pole nonlinear element occurs. The stationary mode of generation sets in.

, $$y_{12n}^{VT}=g_{12n}^{VT}+j{b}_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{VT}=g_{21n}^{VT}+j{b}_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{VT}=g_{22n}^{VT}+j{b}_{22n}^{VT}$$

на заданных частотах генерируемых сигналов, подключенного к источнику постоянного напряжения - 2 (на фиг. 2 не показан), и комплексного четырехполюсника - 11 с известными элементами классической матрицы передачи a_n, b_n, c_n, d_n на заданных частотах генерируемых сигналов. Цепь прямой передачи из нелинейного элемента - 1 и четырехполюсника - 11 параллельно соединена по высокой частоте с цепью внешней обратной связи (входы соединены параллельно и выходы - параллельно), выполненной в виде произвольного комплексного четырехполюсника - 12, сформированного в общем случае на двухполюсниках с комплексными сопротивлениями. Цепь прямой передачи и цепь внешней обратной связи как единый узел каскадно включены по высокой частоте между источником входного высокочастотного сигнала в режиме усиления с произвольным сопротивлением z_0n=r_0n+jx_0n - 13 (второй двухполюсник с комплексным сопротивлением) на заданных частотах, имитирующим сопротивление источника высокочастотных колебаний, возникающих при включении источника постоянного напряжения - 2 в момент скачкообразного изменения амплитуды его напряжения в режиме генерации, и нагрузкой - 14, с оптимальными сопротивлениями z_нn=r_нn+jx_нn (первый двухполюсник с комплексным сопротивлением) на заданных частотах. Произвольный четырехполюсник - 12 тоже характеризуется известными значениями элементов матрицы сопротивлений $$y_{11n}^{OC}=g_{11n}^{OC}+j{b}_{11n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{OC}=g_{12n}^{OC}+j{b}_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{OC}=g_{21n}^{OC}+j{b}_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{OC}=g_{22n}^{OC}+j{b}_{22n}^{OC}$$

на заданных частотах (n=1, 2 - номер частоты). Сопротивление z_нn (первый двухполюсник с комплексным сопротивлением) реализовано (фиг. 3) из последовательно соединенных первого резистивного двухполюсника с сопротивлением R₁, конденсатора с емкостью С, произвольного комплексного двухполюсника с заданным сопротивлением Z_0n=R_0n+jX_0n и параллельно соединенных между собой второго резистивного двухполюсника с сопротивлением R₂ и катушки с индуктивностью L, а значения параметров определены из условия равенства нулю знаменателя коэффициента передачи на двух частотах с помощью специальных математических выражений. Синтез генератора (выбор значений параметров R₁, C, L, R₂ и схемы формирования этого двухполюсника (фиг. 3)) осуществлен по критерию обеспечения баланса амплитуд и баланса фаз путем реализации равенства нулю знаменателя коэффициента передачи устройства генерации в режиме усиления одновременно на заданных частотах генерируемых сигналов при постоянной амплитуде напряжения питания. Выбор значений элементов матриц проводимостей комплексных четырехполюсников - 11, 12 или их схем и значений параметров элементов можно осуществлять произвольно или исходя из каких-либо других физических соображений. В данном изобретении эти значения выбираются из условий физической реализуемости. В режиме генерации источник входного высокочастотного сигнала отключается и вместо него устанавливается короткозамыкающая перемычка.The disadvantages of the prototype method and device for its implementation are described above. The proposed device according to p. 2 (Fig. 2), which implements the proposed method according to p. 1, contains a direct transmission circuit from cascade-connected three-pole non-linear element - 1 with known elements of the conductivity matrix $$y_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}=g_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}+j{b}_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{VT}=g_{12n}^{VT}+j{b}_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{VT}=g_{21n}^{VT}+j{b}_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{VT}=g_{22n}^{VT}+j{b}_{22n}^{VT}$$

at given frequencies of generated signals, connected to a constant voltage source - 2 (not shown in Fig. 2), and complex quadrupole - 11 with known elements of the classical transmission matrix a _n , b _n , c _n , d _n at given frequencies of generated signals. A direct transmission circuit from a nonlinear element - 1 and a four-terminal - 11 is connected in parallel at a high frequency to an external feedback circuit (inputs are connected in parallel and the outputs are parallel), made in the form of an arbitrary complex four-terminal - 12, formed generally on two-terminal with complex resistances . The direct transmission circuit and the external feedback circuit as a single unit are cascaded at a high frequency between the source of the high-frequency input signal in the amplification mode with arbitrary resistance z _0n = r _0n + jx _0n - 13 (the second two-terminal with complex resistance) at given frequencies simulating the resistance the source of high-frequency oscillations that occur when the DC voltage source is turned on - 2 at the time of an abrupt change in the amplitude of its voltage in the generation mode, and with a load of 14, with optimal resistance z _nn = r _nn + jx _nn (the first two-terminal with complex resistance) at given frequencies. An arbitrary four-terminal - 12 is also characterized by the known values of the elements of the resistance matrix $$y_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC}=g_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC}+j{b}_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{OC}=g_{12n}^{OC}+j{b}_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{OC}=g_{21n}^{OC}+j{b}_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{OC}=g_{22n}^{OC}+j{b}_{22n}^{OC}$$

at given frequencies (n = 1, 2 - frequency number). Resistance z _нn (the first two-terminal with complex resistance) is realized (Fig. 3) from the series-connected first resistive two-terminal with resistance R ₁ , a capacitor with a capacitance C, an arbitrary complex two-terminal with a given resistance Z _0n = R _0n + jX _0n and connected in parallel between a second resistive two-terminal with resistance R ₂ and a coil with inductance L, and the parameter values are determined from the condition that the denominator of the transmission coefficient at two frequencies be equal to zero using special thematic expressions. The synthesis of the generator (the choice of the values of the parameters R ₁ , C, L, R ₂ and the formation scheme of this two-terminal network (Fig. 3)) was carried out according to the criterion for ensuring the balance of amplitudes and phase balance by implementing the denominator of the transmission coefficient of the generation device in the amplification mode simultaneously at the given frequencies of generated signals at a constant amplitude of the supply voltage. The choice of the values of the elements of the conductivity matrices of the complex four-terminal networks - 11, 12 or their circuits and the values of the parameters of the elements can be carried out arbitrarily or on the basis of any other physical considerations. In the present invention, these values are selected from conditions of physical feasibility. In the generation mode, the input source of the high-frequency signal is turned off and a short-circuit jumper is installed instead.

The proposed device operates as follows.

When you turn on the constant voltage source - 2 (not shown in Fig. 2) due to the abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations arise in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio frequency range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of external feedback and due to the indicated choice of the values of the parameters R ₁ , C, L, R ₂ and the two-terminal formation scheme - 14 (Fig. 3), the feedback becomes positive, which is equivalent to the occurrence of negative conductivity in the circuit (g ₂₁ or g ₁₂ ), which compensates for losses in the entire circuit simultaneously at two given frequencies. Therefore, the oscillation amplitudes with given frequencies are amplified to certain levels and then limited. Due to this, the oscillations with the given two frequencies are amplified until the amplitudes of these oscillations increase to a level at which the amplitude goes beyond the quasilinear section of the current-voltage characteristic. There is a stationary mode. Finally, as a result of the interaction of signals at two frequencies with a nonlinear element in the generation mode, products of nonlinear interaction arise with combination frequencies ω _n = Ιω ₁ ± Kω ₂ , I, K = 0, 1, 2, ... Since the two-terminal 14 and four-terminal 11, 12 selected complex, this leads to an increase in the field of physical realizability of the stationary mode of generation at a given number of frequencies.

Let us prove the feasibility of implementing these properties.

, $$y_{12n}^{VT}=g_{12n}^{VT}+j{b}_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{VT}=g_{21n}^{VT}+j{b}_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{VT}=g_{22n}^{VT}+j{b}_{22n}^{VT}$$

и цепи обратной связи от частоты. Нелинейный элемент описывается матрицей проводимостей и соответствующей матрицей передачи:Let the direct transmission circuit, consisting of a cascade-connected interconnected three-pole nonlinear element and an inverter, connected to the feedback circuit in parallel (Fig. 2). Let us introduce the notation of the dependences of the resistance of the signal source in the amplification mode z ₀ = r ₀ + jx ₀ , the load z _n = r _n + jx _n and the known dependences of the elements of the conductivity matrices of a three-pole nonlinear element $$y_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}=g_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}+j{b}_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{12n}^{VT}=g_{12n}^{VT}+j{b}_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{21n}^{VT}=g_{21n}^{VT}+j{b}_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$y_{22n}^{VT}=g_{22n}^{VT}+j{b}_{22n}^{VT}$$

and feedback loops on frequency. A nonlinear element is described by the conductivity matrix and the corresponding transfer matrix:

.Where $$\left|y\right|=y_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{VT}{y}_{22}^{VT}-y_{12}^{VT}{y}_{21}^{VT}$$

.

The complex four-terminal network (CC) is characterized by the well-known transfer matrix:

where a, b, c, d are complex elements of the classical transfer matrix.

For the direct transmission chain, the elements of the non-normalized classical transmission matrix are obtained by multiplying the transmission matrices (1) and (2):

The corresponding elements of the conductivity matrix of the direct transfer circuit (the second terms in (4)) and the elements of the conductivity matrix of the OS circuit are summed up:

.Where $$\left|a\right|=a_{\mathrm{eleven}}{a}_{22}-a_{12}{a}_{21}$$

.

Unnormalized transfer matrix elements of the entire device:

. С учетом условий нормировки получим общую нормированную матрицу передачи всего устройства:Where $$\left|y\right|=y_{\mathrm{eleven}}{y}_{22}-y_{12}{y}_{21}$$

. Taking into account normalization conditions, we obtain the general normalized transfer matrix of the entire device:

Generator transfer function in gain mode:

The denominator (7) can be reduced to the form corresponding to the immitance stability criterion (A. Kulikovskoy, Stability of active linearized circuits with amplifiers of a new type. - M.-L.: SEI, 1962, 192 pp.):

The first term is the complex resistance of the passive part (the resistance of the signal source in amplification mode). The second term is the input resistance of the active part of the device (the rest of the generator to the right of z ₀ ). Immunity stability criterion (8) corresponds to the balance of amplitudes and phases (I. Gonorovsky, Radio engineering circuits and signals. - M.: “Drofa”, 2006, p. 386):

From the fact that the denominator of the transmission coefficient in the amplification mode is equal to zero, we can find a restriction on any of the quantities used, for example, on z _H

Solution (10) makes sense of the dependences of z _n on frequency, which are optimal according to the criterion of ensuring signal generation in the entire frequency spectrum. The resistance z _0n can be chosen arbitrarily or on the basis of any other physical considerations. The index n must also be introduced in other notation of physical quantities that explicitly depend on the frequency. The physical meaning of solution (10) also consists in the fact that the frequency dependence of the complex load resistance should be equal to the frequency dependence of the input complex resistance of the rest of the generator to the left of z _Η taken with the opposite sign. In this case, generation would be ensured over the entire frequency spectrum. However, the implementation of (10) in a continuous, even very narrow frequency band, is not possible.

To implement optimal approximation (10) on a finite number of frequencies by interpolation, it is necessary to form a two-terminal network with a resistance z _нn of no less than 2Ν (n = 1, 2, ..., Ν; N is the number of interpolation frequencies) of elements of the type R, L, C , find the expressions for its resistance, equate it with the optimal values of the two-terminal resistances at the given frequencies determined by formulas (10), and solve the system of 2N equations thus formed with respect to the 2N selected parameters R, L, C. The parameter values of the remaining elements can be selected We arbitrarily or on the basis of any other physical considerations, for example, from the condition of physical realizability.

Let a two-terminal with resistance z _{n be} formed from a series-connected first resistive two-terminal with resistance R ₁ , a capacitor with a capacitance C, an arbitrary complex two-terminal with resistance Z ₀ = R ₀ + jX _0, and a second resistive two-terminal with resistance R ₂ and a coil connected in parallel with inductance L (figure 3). The complex resistance of this bipolar:

We divide in (11) the real and imaginary parts and compose a system of four equations:

Decision:

где

Where

r ₁ = R _r1 -R ₀₁ , r ₂ = R _r2 -R ₀₂ , x ₁ = X _r1 -X ₀₁ , x ₃ = X _r2 -X ₀₂ ; R _r1 , R _r2 , X _r1 , X _r2 - the optimal values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance z _{nn of the} load at two frequencies: R _vn = Re (z _нn ); X _vn = Im (z _nn ); n = 1, 2 - numbers of the given frequencies f _n ; ω _n = 2πf _n .

The implementation of the optimal approximations of the frequency characteristics of the load resistance (10) using (11), (13) provides the implementation of the conditions for the balance of amplitudes and phase balance simultaneously at two given frequencies. As a result of the interaction of signals at two frequencies with a nonlinear element in the generation mode, products of nonlinear interaction arise with Raman frequencies ω _n = Iω ₁ ± Κω ₂ , I, K = 0, 1, 2, ...

The proposed technical solutions are new, because the method and device for generating high-frequency oscillations that generate signals at a given number of frequencies when using arbitrary complex four-terminal circuits in the direct transmission and feedback circuit and an arbitrary complex two-terminal circuit as the resistance of the generator signal source in the mode are unknown from publicly available information amplification, and the direct transmission circuit is made of cascade-connected three-pole nonlinear ele cantilever and integrated quadrupole and connected to the feedback circuit in a parallel circuit (Fig. 2), the direct transmission circuit and the feedback circuit as a whole are included between the resistance of the signal source of the generator in amplification mode and the load in the form of the complex two-terminal circuit shown in FIG. 3. The values of the parameters of this two-terminal device are selected in accordance with special mathematical expressions.

The proposed technical solutions have an inventive step, since it does not explicitly follow from the published scientific data and the known technical solutions that the claimed sequence of operations (the implementation of the generation device in the form shown in Fig. 2, the execution of the four-terminal circuits in the direct transmission and feedback circuits are complex, the use of arbitrary complex resistance to simulate the resistance of the signal source in the amplification mode, the formation of the load from series Vågå resistive two-terminal resistance R _1, a capacitor with capacitance C, an arbitrary complex two-terminal network with an impedance Z ₀ = R ₀ + jX ₀ and connected in parallel between a second resistive two-terminal resistance R ₂ and coil with inductance L (FIG. 3), selecting values of the parameters R _1, C, L, R ₂ provide conditions of stationary lasing at two frequencies at a constant state of the nonlinear three-pole element) provides simultaneous formation of high-frequency signals at predetermined frequencies with tinuous amplitude DC voltage and expanding the field of physical realizability.

The proposed technical solutions are practically applicable, since nonlinear three-pole elements (lamps or transistors), inductors, resistors and capacitances formed in the declared generator circuit can be used commercially available from the industry. The optimal values of the parameters of inductances, resistive elements and capacitances included in the circuit for the formation of the first complex two-terminal network can be uniquely determined using mathematical expressions given in the claims.

The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed method and device consists in simultaneously ensuring the generation of a high-frequency signal at a given number of frequencies by selecting the circuit and parameter values of the elements R, L, C of the first complex two-terminal network according to the criterion of ensuring the conditions of phase balance and amplitudes at these frequencies with a non-linear state a three-pole element, which allows you to generate complex signals and create radio communications that operate on a given number of radio channels with asshirenii physical feasibility and optimal characteristics of the load.

Claims (2)

1. A method of generating high-frequency signals, based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, the interaction of a high-frequency signal with a direct transmission circuit made of cascade-connected three-pole nonlinear element and four-terminal, load and external feedback circuit, the fulfillment of the excitation conditions in the form amplitude balance and phase balance, respectively determining the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signals, matching conditions of the circuit direct transmission with the load and conditions for matching the load with the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, characterized in that the load is performed in the form of the first two-terminal with complex resistance, an arbitrary complex four-terminal connected in parallel to the direct transmission circuit, a four-terminal in the circuit are used as an external feedback circuit the direct transmission is complex, the direct transmission circuit and the feedback circuit as a single unit cascade between the second two-terminal network introduced ohm with a complex resistance that simulates the resistance of the generator signal source in the amplification mode and the load, the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and phase balance and matching conditions are simultaneously fulfilled at a given number of frequencies by choosing the values of the resistance of the first two-terminal _device that implements the resistance z _{нn of the} load from conditions for providing a stationary generation mode in the form of equality to zero of the denominator of the gain in gain mode simultaneously at all given frequencies generated high-frequency signals with a constant amplitude of a constant voltage source in accordance with the following mathematical expressions:

Where

a _n , b _n , c _n , d _n - given values of the complex elements of the classical transmission matrix of a complex four-terminal network in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies;

- setpoints of complex elements of the conductivity matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies;

- setpoints of the complex elements of the conductivity matrix of a complex quadrupole feedback circuit at given frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the second two-terminal network at given frequencies; n = 1, 2, ..., N - numbers of the given frequencies. 2. The device for generating high-frequency signals, consisting of a constant voltage source, a direct transmission circuit of cascade-connected three-pole nonlinear element and four-terminal, load and external feedback circuit, characterized in that the load is made in the form of the first two-terminal with complex resistance, as a circuit external feedback used arbitrary complex four-terminal, connected in parallel to the direct transmission circuit, the four-terminal in the direct transmission circuit made complex nd, direct transmission circuit and the feedback circuit as a unit cascade connected between the introduction of the second two-pole with a complex resistance simulating impedance z _0n oscillator signal source to the amplifier mode, and a load, a first two-terminal network with a complex impedance z _Hn formed of series-connected first resistor bipole with resistance R ₁ , a capacitor with a capacitance C, an arbitrary complex two-terminal with a given resistance Z _0n = R _0n + jX _0n and connected in parallel to each other th resistive two-terminal with resistance R ₂ and coils with inductance L, and the parameter values are determined from the condition that the denominator of the transmission coefficient at two frequencies is equal to zero using the following mathematical expressions:

Where

a _n , b _n , c _n , d _n - given values of the complex elements of the classical transmission matrix of a complex four-terminal network in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies

- setpoints of complex elements of the conductivity matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies;

- setpoints of the complex elements of the conductivity matrix of a complex quadrupole feedback circuit at given frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the second two-terminal network at given frequencies; R _r1 , R _r2 , X _r1 , X _r2 - the optimal values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance z _{nn of the} first two-terminal network at two frequencies; n = 1, 2 - numbers of the given frequencies.

Images