RU2595928C1 - Method of generating high-frequency signals and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, communication.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio engineering and can be used to generate high-frequency (HF) signals. A method of generating HF signals is based on converting energy of a dc voltage source into the energy of HF signals; interaction of HF signals with a forward transmission circuit consisting of a three-terminal nonlinear element and a complex four-terminal element, a load and an external feedback circuit, which is in the form of an arbitrary complex four-terminal element; satisfying excitation conditions in the form of an amplitude balance and a phase balance, which respectively determine the amplitude and frequency of the generated HF signals, conditions of matching the forward transmission circuit with the load, which is in the form of a first two-terminal element with impedance, wherein the second two-terminal element with impedance imitates the resistance of a signal source of a generator in gain mode.

EFFECT: wider range of generated oscillations, generation of HF signals at a given number of frequencies with arbitrary load impedances.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio communications and can be used to create devices for generating high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies at arbitrary frequency characteristics of the load, which allows you to generate complex signals and create effective radio communications with a given number of radio channels.

A known method of generating a high-frequency signal, based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, organizing internal feedback in a non-linear element by using a bipolar non-linear element with negative differential resistance, fulfilling the excitation conditions in the form of amplitude balance and phase balance, which determine respectively, the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and non-linear matching conditions element with a load, (see Gonorovsky IS Radio engineering circuits and signals - M: “Bustard.”, - 2006, p. 414-417).

A device for generating a high-frequency signal, consisting of a constant voltage source that sets the operating point in the middle of the falling section of the current-voltage characteristics of a bipolar nonlinear element with negative differential resistance, a four-terminal reactive load in the form of a parallel oscillatory circuit, while the parameters of the bipolar nonlinear element and varicap are selected from conditions for ensuring the given amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal ala, (see Gonorovsky IS Radio engineering circuits and signals - M: "Bustard.", - 2006, p. 414-417).

The principle of operation of this device is as follows. When a constant voltage (current) source is turned on, due to an abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations arise in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of internal feedback in a bipolar nonlinear element, a negative differential resistance arises in the section with a falling current-voltage characteristic, which, by matching with a reactive four-terminal, compensates for losses in the circuit. Due to this, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is amplified until the amplitude of this oscillation increases to a level at which the amplitude goes beyond the falling section of the current-voltage characteristic. There is a stationary mode.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a method of generating a high-frequency signal based on converting the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, organizing external positive feedback between the load and the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, and fulfilling the excitation conditions in the form of an amplitude balance and phase balance, respectively determining the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and conditions oglasovaniya nonlinear element to the load (. cm Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals - M:.. "Bustard" - 2006, p 383-401).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a device for generating a high-frequency signal, consisting of a constant voltage source that sets the operating point in the middle of the quasilinear section of the current-voltage characteristic of the transistor, reactive four-terminal, load in the form of a parallel oscillatory circuit, external positive RC-circuit feedback between the load and the control electrode of the transistor, while the parameters of the circuit, transistor and varicap selected to provide predetermined amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal (see Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals - M:. "Bustard" - 2006, p 383-401..).

The principle of operation of this device is as follows. When a constant voltage (current) source is turned on, due to an abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations arise in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of a positive feedback circuit, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is supplied to the control electrode of the transistor, which, by matching with the reactive four-terminal device, starts to operate in the amplification mode until the amplitude of this oscillation increases to the level at which saturation mode (amplitude limits). There is a stationary mode.

The disadvantage of these methods and devices is the generation of a high-frequency signal at only one frequency. In addition, it does not indicate how it is necessary to choose the values of the parameters of the reactive four-port network at which the excitation mode and the stationary mode occur. This question arises especially sharply when designing generation devices in the HF and UHF bands, on which the reactive components of the parameters of nonlinear elements must be taken into account. Currently, the classical theory of radio circuits does not take this into account. Another disadvantage should be considered the lack of the possibility of generation at arbitrary complex load resistances.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the range of generated oscillations, generate high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies for arbitrary complex load resistances, which allows you to generate complex signals and create efficient generation devices for radio communications with a given number of radio channels for any given frequency characteristics of the load, for example, an antenna. The possibility of using various options for including a three-pole non-linear element relative to a four-terminal and various types of feedback, as well as the choice of these four-terminal integrated systems expand the possibilities of the physical realizability of this result

1. The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of generating high-frequency signals, based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, the interaction of a high-frequency signal with a direct transmission circuit made of a three-pole nonlinear element and a four-pole, load and external feedback circuit, the fulfillment of the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and a phase balance, which respectively determine the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signals conditions for matching the direct transmission circuit with the load and the conditions for matching the load with the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, additionally, the direct transmission circuit is made of cascade-connected complex four-terminal and three-pole nonlinear element, the load is performed as the first two-terminal with complex resistance, as an external circuit feedback use an arbitrary complex quadrupole connected to a direct transmission circuit in series-parallel circuits , the direct-drive circuit and the feedback circuit as a single unit cascade between the introduced second bipolar with a complex resistance simulating the resistance of the generator signal source in the amplification mode and the load, the excitation conditions in the form of amplitude balance and phase balance and matching conditions are simultaneously satisfied for a given number frequency by selecting the resistance values of the first two-terminal network that implements a load impedance z _Hn, the condition providing a stationary lasing as is Twa zero denominator coefficient gain mode simultaneously on all given frequencies generated by the high-frequency signal at a constant amplitude DC voltage source in accordance with the following mathematical expression:

; |h|=h₁₁h₂₂-h₁₂h₂₁;Where

; | h | = h ₁₁ h ₂₂ -h ₁₂ h ₂₁ ;

, $$h_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{22n}^{VT}$$

- заданные значения комплексных элементов смешанной матрицы H трехполюсного нелинейного элемента в цепи прямой передачи на заданных частотах; $$h_{11n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{22n}^{OC}$$

- заданные значения комплексных элементов смешанной матрицы H комплексного четырехполюсника цепи обратной связи на заданных частотах; z_0n - заданные значения комплексных сопротивлений источника сигнала генератора в режиме усиления на заданных частотах; n=1,2…N - номера заданных частот.a _n , b _n , c _n , d _n - given values of the complex elements of the classical transmission matrix of a complex four-terminal network in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies; $$h_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{22n}^{VT}$$

- setpoints of complex elements of a mixed matrix H of a three-pole nonlinear element in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies; $$h_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{22n}^{OC}$$

- setpoints of the complex elements of the mixed matrix H of a complex quadrupole feedback circuit at given frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the signal source of the generator in the amplification mode at specified frequencies; n = 1,2 ... N - numbers of the given frequencies.

2. The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the device for generating high-frequency signals, consisting of a constant voltage source, a direct transmission circuit of a three-pole nonlinear element and a four-terminal network, a load and an external feedback circuit, an additional direct transmission circuit is made of a cascade-connected complex four-terminal and a three-pole circuit nonlinear element, the load is made in the form of the first two-terminal with complex resistance, arbitrarily used as an external feedback circuit the fourth complex four-terminal connected to the direct transmission circuit in series-parallel circuit, the direct transmission circuit and the feedback circuit as a single node are cascaded between the introduced second two-terminal with complex resistance simulating the resistance of the generator signal source in gain mode and the load, the first two-terminal with complex impedance z _Hn formed of series-connected two-terminal of the first resistor with a resistance R _1, the coil with inductance L, an arbitrary compl ksnogo two-terminal network with an impedance Z ₀ = R ₀ + jX ₀ and connected in parallel between a second resistive two-terminal resistance R ₂ and a capacitor with capacitance C, and the values of the parameters determined from the condition that the denominator of the transfer coefficient at the two frequencies by the following mathematical expressions:

Where

r ₁ = R _r1 -R ₀₁ , r ₂ = R _r2 -R ₀₂ , x ₁ = X _r1 -X ₀₁ , x ₂ = X _r2 -X ₀₂ ; R _vn = Re (z _nn ); X _vn = Im (z _nn );

|h|=h₁₁h₂₂-h₁₂h₂₁;

| h | = h ₁₁ h ₂₂ -h ₁₂ h ₂₁ ;

, $$h_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{22n}^{VT}$$

- заданные значения комплексных элементов смешанной матрицы H трехполюсного нелинейного элемента в цепи прямой передачи на заданных частотах; $$h_{11n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{22n}^{OC}$$

- заданные значения комплексных элементов смешанной матрицы H комплексного четырехполюсника цепи обратной связи на заданных частотах; z_0n - заданные значения комплексных сопротивлений источника сигнала генератора в режиме усиления на заданных частотах; R_r1, R_r2, X_r1, X_r2 - оптимальные значения действительных и мнимых составляющих сопротивления z_нn нагрузки на двух частотах; n=1,2 - номера заданных частот.a _n , b _n , c _n , d _n - given values of the complex elements of the classical transmission matrix of a complex four-terminal network in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies f _n ; ω _n = 2πf _n ; $$h_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{12n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{21n}^{VT}$$

, $$h_{22n}^{VT}$$

- setpoints of complex elements of a mixed matrix H of a three-pole nonlinear element in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies; $$h_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{12n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{21n}^{OC}$$

, $$h_{22n}^{OC}$$

- setpoints of the complex elements of the mixed matrix H of a complex quadrupole feedback circuit at given frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the signal source of the generator in the amplification mode at specified frequencies; R _r1 , R _r2 , X _r1 , X _r2 - the optimal values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance z _nn load at two frequencies; n = 1,2 - numbers of the given frequencies.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for generating high-frequency signals (prototype) that implements the prototype method.

In FIG. 2 shows a structural diagram of the proposed generation device according to claim 2, which implements the proposed method according to claim 1.

In FIG. 3 is a diagram of a complex two-terminal network that realizes at two frequencies the optimal values of the generator load resistance, the circuit of which is shown in FIG. 2.

The prototype device (Fig. 1) that implements the prototype method contains a direct transmission circuit in the form of a three-pole non-linear element VT-1 connected to a constant voltage source - 2, the first matching filtering device (SFU) -3 (first reactive four-terminal or the first matching four-terminal network) and the oscillating circuit on the elements L-4, R-5, C-6, which is the load - 7. The first SFU-3 is connected between the output electrode of the three-pole nonlinear element and the load. Between the load and the control electrode of the three-pole nonlinear element, the second SFU-9 (second reactive four-terminal or second matching four-terminal) is connected with the first two-terminal - 8 connected to its input and 10 with the second two-terminal output with complex resistances in the transverse circuits. All this together forms an external feedback circuit. The first two-terminal - 8 is connected to the load. The second two-terminal - 10 is connected to the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element.

The principle of operation of the device for generating high-frequency signals (prototype) that implements the prototype method is as follows.

When you turn on the DC voltage source - 2 due to the abrupt change in the amplitude in the entire circuit, oscillations occur, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of external feedback, matching with the first reactive four-terminal device - 3 output electrodes of a three-pole nonlinear element and load (direct transfer circuit), matching with a feedback circuit (first two-terminal device - 8 with complex resistance, second reactive four-terminal device - 9 and the second bipolar - 10 with complex resistance) of the load and the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element compensates for losses in the circuit L-4, R-5, C-6. Due to this, the feedback becomes positive and the conditions of the balance of phases and amplitudes are realized - the conditions for the excitation of electromagnetic oscillations. As a result, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is supplied to the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, which at the initial stage operates in amplification mode. The amplitude of this oscillation is amplified until it increases to a level at which the limiting state of a three-pole nonlinear element occurs. The stationary mode of generation sets in.

The disadvantages of the prototype method and device for its implementation are described above.

$$$$

на заданных частотах генерируемых сигналов, подключенного к источнику постоянного напряжения - 2 (на фиг. 2 не показан). Цепь прямой передачи из четырехполюсника - 11 и нелинейного элемента - 1 соединена по высокой частоте с цепью внешней обратной связи по последовательно-параллельной схеме (входы соединены последовательно, а выходы - параллельно). Цепь внешней обратной связи выполнена в виде произвольного комплексного четырехполюсника - 12, сформированного в общем случае на двухполюсниках с комплексными сопротивлениями. Цепь прямой передачи и цепь внешней обратной связи как единый узел каскадно включены по высокой частоте между источником входного высокочастотного сигнала в режиме усиления с произвольными сопротивлениями z_0n=r_0n+jx_0n - 13 на заданных частотах, имитирующим сопротивление (второй комплексный двухполюсник) источника высокочастотных колебаний, возникающих при включении источника постоянного напряжения - 2 в момент скачкообразного изменения амплитуды его напряжения в режиме генерации, и нагрузкой -14, с оптимальными сопротивлениями z_нn=r_нn+jx_нn на заданных частотах (первый двухполюсник с комплексным сопротивлением). Произвольный четырехполюсник - 12 тоже характеризуется известными значениями элементов смешанной матрицы Н $$h_{11n}^{OC}=r_{11n}^{OC}+j{x}_{11n}^{OC},h_{12n}^{OC}=r_{12n}^{OC}+j{x}_{12n}^{OC},h_{21n}^{OC}=r_{21n}^{OC}+j{x}_{21n}^{OC},h_{22n}^{OC}=r_{22n}^{OC}+j{x}_{22n}^{OC}$$

, на заданных частотах (n=1,2 - номер частоты). Сопротивление z_нn (первый двухполюсник с комплексным сопротивлением) реализовано (фиг. 3) из последовательно соединенных первого резистивного двухполюсника с сопротивлением R₁, катушки с индуктивностью L, произвольного комплексного двухполюсника с сопротивлением Z₀=R₀+jX₀ и параллельно соединенных между собой второго резистивного двухполюсника с сопротивлением R₂ и конденсатора с емкостью С, а значения параметров определены из условия равенства нулю знаменателя коэффициента передачи на двух частотах с помощью специальных математических выражений. Синтез генератора (выбор значений параметров R₁, C, L, R₂ и схемы формирования этого двухполюсника (фиг. 3) осуществлен по критерию обеспечения баланса амплитуд и баланса фаз путем реализации равенства нулю знаменателя коэффициента передачи устройства генерации в режиме усиления одновременно на заданных частотах генерируемых сигналов при постоянной амплитуде напряжения питания. Выбор значений элементов матриц сопротивлений комплексных четырехполюсников - 11, 12 или их схем и значений параметров элементов можно осуществлять произвольно или исходя из каких-либо других физических соображений. В данном изобретении эти значения выбираются из условий физической реализуемости. В режиме генерации источник входного высокочастотного сигнала отключается и вместо него устанавливается короткозамыкающая перемычка.The proposed device according to p. 2 (Fig. 2), which implements the proposed method according to p. 1, contains a direct transmission circuit from a cascade-connected complex quadrupole - 11 with known elements of the classical transmission matrix a _n , b _n , c _n , d _n given frequencies of generated signals and a three-pole nonlinear element - 1 with known elements of a mixed matrix H $$h_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}=r_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT}+j{x}_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{VT},h_{12n}^{VT}=r_{12n}^{VT}+j{x}_{12n}^{VT},h_{21n}^{VT}=r_{21n}^{VT}+j{x}_{21n}^{VT},h_{22n}^{VT}=r_{22n}^{VT}+j{x}_{22n}^{VT}$$

$$$$

at the given frequencies of the generated signals, connected to a constant voltage source - 2 (not shown in Fig. 2). The direct transmission circuit of a four-terminal device - 11 and a nonlinear element - 1 is connected at high frequency to an external feedback circuit in a serial-parallel circuit (inputs are connected in series and outputs are connected in parallel). The external feedback circuit is made in the form of an arbitrary complex four-terminal - 12, formed in the general case on two-terminal with complex resistances. The direct transmission circuit and the external feedback circuit as a single unit are cascaded at a high frequency between the source of the high-frequency input signal in the amplification mode with arbitrary resistances z _0n = r _0n + jx _0n - 13 at given frequencies simulating the resistance (second complex two-terminal) of a high-frequency source oscillations that occur when the DC voltage source - 2 is turned on at the moment of an abrupt change in the amplitude of its voltage in the generation mode, and with a load of -14, with optimal resistances z _нn = r _нn + jx _нn at given frequencies (the first two-terminal with complex resistance). An arbitrary quadripole - 12 is also characterized by the known values of the elements of the mixed matrix H $$h_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC}=r_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC}+j{x}_{\mathrm{eleven}n}^{OC},h_{12n}^{OC}=r_{12n}^{OC}+j{x}_{12n}^{OC},h_{21n}^{OC}=r_{21n}^{OC}+j{x}_{21n}^{OC},h_{22n}^{OC}=r_{22n}^{OC}+j{x}_{22n}^{OC}$$

, at given frequencies (n = 1,2 - frequency number). Resistance z _нn (the first two-terminal with complex resistance) is implemented (Fig. 3) from the series-connected first resistive two-terminal with resistance R ₁ , a coil with inductance L, an arbitrary complex two-terminal with resistance Z ₀ = R ₀ + jX ₀ and connected in parallel the second resistive bipolar with resistance R ₂ and a capacitor with capacitance C, and the parameter values are determined from the condition that the denominator of the transmission coefficient at two frequencies be equal to zero using special mathematical their expressions. The synthesis of the generator (the choice of the values of the parameters R ₁ , C, L, R ₂ and the formation scheme of this two-terminal network (Fig. 3) was carried out according to the criterion for ensuring the balance of amplitudes and phase balance by implementing the equalization factor denominator of the generating device in the amplification mode simultaneously at the given frequencies generated signals at a constant amplitude of the supply voltage.The choice of the values of the elements of the resistance matrices of the complex four-terminal networks - 11, 12 or their circuits and the values of the parameters of the elements can be arbitrary and based on any other physical considerations. In this invention, these values are selected from the conditions of physical feasibility. In the generation mode, the input source of the high-frequency signal is turned off and a short-circuit jumper is installed instead.

The proposed device operates as follows.

When you turn on the constant voltage source - 2 (not shown in Fig. 2) due to the abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations arise in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio frequency range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of external feedback and due to the indicated choice of the values of the parameters R ₁ , C, L, R ₂ and the two-terminal formation scheme - 14 (Fig. 3), the feedback becomes positive, which is equivalent to the occurrence of negative resistance in the circuit (h ₁₁ and h ₂₂ ), which compensates for losses in the entire circuit simultaneously at two given frequencies. Therefore, the oscillation amplitudes with given frequencies are amplified to certain levels and then limited. Due to this, the oscillations with the given two frequencies are amplified until the amplitudes of these oscillations increase to a level at which the amplitude goes beyond the quasilinear section of the current-voltage characteristic. There is a stationary mode. Finally, as a result of the interaction of signals at two frequencies with a nonlinear element in the generation mode, products of nonlinear interaction with combination frequencies ω _n = Iω ₁ ± Kω ₂ , I, K = 0,1,2 ... arise. Since the load and the quadripoles - 11, 12 are selected complex, this leads to an increase in the field of physical realizability of the stationary generation mode at a given number of frequencies.

Let us prove the feasibility of implementing these properties.

и цепи обратной связи $$h_{11}^{OC}=r_{11}^{OC}+j{x}_{11}^{OC},h_{12}^{}=r_{12}^{OC}+j{x}_{12}^{OC},h_{21}^{OC}=r_{21}^{OC}+j{x}_{21}^{OC},h_{22}^{OC}=r_{22}^{OC}+j{x}_{22}^{OC}$$

от частоты, которые можно определить по известным (например, измеренным или рассчитанным) элементам матриц сопротивлений, проводимостей или передачи. Размерности элементов матрицы H: h₁₁ (сопротивление), h₁₂ (безразмерный), h₂₁ (безразмерный), h₂₂ (проводимость). Нелинейный элемент описывается смешанной матрицей H и соответствующей матрицей передачи:Let the direct transmission circuit, consisting of a cascade-connected interconnected three-pole nonlinear element and an inverter, be connected to the feedback circuit in a series-parallel circuit (Fig. 2). Let us introduce the notation of the dependences of the resistance of the signal source in the amplification mode z ₀ = r ₀ + jx ₀ , the load z _n = r _n + jx _n and the known dependences of the elements of the mixed matrix H of a three-pole nonlinear element $$h_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{VT}=r_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{VT}+j{x}_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{VT},h_{12}^{VT}=r_{12}^{VT}+j{x}_{12}^{VT},h_{21}^{VT}=r_{21}^{VT}+j{x}_{21}^{VT},h_{22}^{VT}=r_{22}^{VT}+j{x}_{22}^{VT}$$

and feedback circuits $$h_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{OC}=r_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{OC}+j{x}_{\mathrm{eleven}}^{OC},h_{12}^{}=r_{12}^{OC}+j{x}_{12}^{OC},h_{21}^{OC}=r_{21}^{OC}+j{x}_{21}^{OC},h_{22}^{OC}=r_{22}^{OC}+j{x}_{22}^{OC}$$

on the frequency that can be determined by known (for example, measured or calculated) elements of the matrix of resistance, conductivity or transmission. Dimensions of matrix elements H: h ₁₁ (resistance), h ₁₂ (dimensionless), h ₂₁ (dimensionless), h ₂₂ (conductivity). A nonlinear element is described by a mixed matrix H and the corresponding transfer matrix:

,

,

Where

The complex four-terminal network (CC) is characterized by a transfer matrix:

where a, b, c, d are complex elements of the classical transfer matrix.

For the direct transmission chain, the elements of the non-normalized classical transmission matrix are obtained by multiplying the transmission matrices (2) and (1):

The corresponding elements of the mixed matrix H of the direct transmission chain (second terms in (4)) and the elements of the mixed matrix H of the OS chain are added:

where | a | = a ₁₁ a ₂₂ -a ₁₂ a ₂₁ .

Unnormalized transfer matrix elements of the entire device:

where | h | = h ₁₁ h ₂₂ -h ₁₂ h ₂₁ . Taking into account the normalization conditions, we obtain the general normalized transfer matrix of the entire device:

Generator transfer function in gain mode:

The denominator (7) can be reduced to the form corresponding to the immitance stability criterion (Kulikovsky A.A. Stability of active linearized circuits with amplifiers of a new type. M - L .: SEI, 1962, 192 pp.):

The first term is the complex resistance of the passive part (the resistance of the signal source in amplification mode). The second term is the input resistance of the active part of the device (the rest of the generator to the right of z ₀ ). The immitance stability criterion (8) corresponds to the balance of amplitudes and phases (I. Gonorovsky, Radio engineering circuits and signals: M .: “Drofa”, 2006, p. 386):

From the fact that the denominator of the transmission coefficient in gain mode is equal to zero, one can find a restriction on any of the quantities used, for example, on z _нn :

Solution (10) makes sense of the dependences of the values of z _m on the frequency, optimal according to the criterion of ensuring signal generation in the entire frequency spectrum. The resistance z _0n can be chosen arbitrarily or on the basis of any other physical considerations. The index n must also be introduced in other notation of physical quantities that explicitly depend on the frequency. The physical meaning of solution (10) also consists in the fact that the frequency dependence of the complex resistance of the signal source in the amplification mode should be equal to the frequency dependence of the input complex resistance of the rest of the generator to the left of z _n , taken with the opposite sign. In this case, generation would be ensured over the entire frequency spectrum. However, the implementation of (10) in a continuous, even very narrow frequency band, is not possible.

To implement the optimal approximation (10) on a finite number of frequencies by interpolation, it is necessary to form a two-terminal network with a resistance z _нn of at least 2N (n = 1,2 ... N; N is the number of interpolation frequencies) of elements of type R, L, C, find expressions for its resistance, equate it with the optimal values of the two-terminal resistances at the given frequencies, determined by formulas (10), and solve the system of 2N equations thus formed with respect to the 2N selected parameters R, L, C. The values of the parameters of the remaining elements can be selected by randomly or on the basis of any other physical considerations, for example, from the condition of physical realizability.

Let a two-terminal device with resistance z _{n be} formed from a series-connected first resistive two-terminal device with resistance R ₁ , an inductor L, an arbitrary complex two-terminal device with resistance Z ₀ = R ₀ + jX ₀ and a second resistive two-terminal device with resistance R ₂ and a capacitor connected in parallel with capacity C (Fig. 3). The complex resistance of this bipolar:

We divide in (11) the real and imaginary parts and compose a system of four equations:

Decision:

Where

r ₁ = R _r1 -R ₀₁ , r ₂ = R _r2 -R ₀₂ , x ₁ = X _r1 -X ₀₁ , x ₂ = X _r2 -X ₀₂ ; R _r1 , R _r2 , X _r1 , X _r2 - the optimal values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance z _{nn of the} load at two frequencies: R _vn = Re (z _нn ); X _vn = Im (z _nn ); n = 1,2 - numbers of the given frequencies f _n ; ω _n = 2πf _n .

The implementation of optimal approximations of the frequency characteristics of the resistance of the source of the generator signal in the amplification mode (10) using (11), (13), provides the implementation of the condition of the balance of amplitudes and phase balance simultaneously at two given frequencies. As a result of the interaction of signals at two frequencies with a nonlinear element in the generation mode, products of nonlinear interaction arise with Raman frequencies ω _n = Iω ₁ ± Kω ₂ , I, K = 0,1,2 ....

The proposed technical solutions are new, since the method and device for generating high-frequency oscillations that generate signals at a given number of frequencies when using arbitrary complex four-terminal circuits in the direct transmission and feedback circuits and the optimal first complex two-terminal circuit as the load shown in FIG. . 3, and the direct transmission circuit is made of a cascade-connected complex four-pole and a three-pole nonlinear element and is connected to the feedback circuit in a serial-parallel circuit (Fig. 2), and the resistance of the generator signal source in the amplification mode is realized by an arbitrary second complex two-pole, Parameter values the first complex two-terminal are selected in accordance with special mathematical expressions.

The proposed technical solutions have an inventive step, since it does not explicitly follow from the published scientific data and the known technical solutions that the claimed sequence of operations (the implementation of the generation device in the form shown in Fig. 2, the execution of the four-terminal circuits in the direct transmission and feedback circuits are complex, using the optimal load (the first two-terminal with complex resistance), the formation of the first complex two-terminal from series-connected first ezistivnogo two-terminal resistance R _1, the coil with inductance L, two-terminal network with arbitrary complex impedance Z ₀ = R _{0 0} + jX and connected in parallel between a second two-terminal resistive with a resistance R ₂ and a capacitor with capacitance C (FIG. 3) ,, selection values of the parameters R _1, C, L, R ₂ provide conditions of steady state lasing at two frequencies at a constant state of the nonlinear three-pole element) provides simultaneous formation of high-frequency signals at predetermined frequencies at a constant constant amplitude DC voltage and expanding the field of physical realizability.

The proposed technical solutions are practically applicable, since nonlinear three-pole elements (lamps or transistors), inductors, resistors and capacitances formed in the declared generator circuit can be used commercially available from the industry. The optimal values of the parameters of inductances, resistive elements and capacitances included in the circuit for the formation of the first complex two-terminal network can be uniquely determined using mathematical expressions given in the claims.

The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed method and device consists in simultaneously ensuring the generation of a high-frequency signal at a given number of frequencies by selecting the circuit and parameter values of the elements R, L, C of the first complex two-terminal network according to the criterion of ensuring the conditions of phase balance and amplitudes at these frequencies with a non-linear state a three-pole element, which allows you to generate complex signals and create radio communications that operate on a given number of radio channels with ptimalnyh characteristics of the load.

Claims (2)

1. The method of generating high-frequency signals based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, the interaction of a high-frequency signal with a direct transmission circuit made of a three-pole nonlinear element and a four-terminal, load and external feedback circuit, the fulfillment of the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and phase balance, respectively determining the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signals, matching conditions of the direct transmission circuit with heat different conditions of the load matching with the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, characterized in that the direct transmission circuit is made of cascade-connected complex four-terminal and three-pole non-linear element, the load is performed in the form of the first two-terminal with complex resistance, an arbitrary complex circuit is used as the external feedback circuit a four-terminal connected to a direct transmission circuit in series-parallel circuit, a direct transmission circuit and a feedback circuit a single node is cascaded between the introduced second two-terminal with complex resistance, simulating the resistance of the generator signal source in the amplification mode, and the load, the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and phase balance and matching conditions are simultaneously satisfied at a given number of frequencies by choosing the values of the resistance of the first two-terminal, realizing the resistance z _{нn of the} load, from the condition of providing a stationary generation mode in the form of equality to zero of the denominator of the transfer coefficient in p gain mode simultaneously at all given frequencies of the generated high-frequency signals with a constant amplitude of the constant voltage source in accordance with the following mathematical expressions:

Where

a _n , b _n , c _n, d _n - given values of the complex elements of the classical transmission matrix of a complex four-terminal network in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies;

,

,

,

- setpoints of complex elements of a mixed matrix H of a three-pole nonlinear element in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies;

,

,

,

- setpoints of the complex elements of the mixed matrix H of a complex quadrupole feedback circuit at given frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the signal source of the generator in the amplification mode at specified frequencies; n = 1, 2 ... N - numbers of the given frequencies. 2. A device for generating high-frequency signals, consisting of a constant voltage source, a direct transmission circuit of a three-pole nonlinear element and a four-terminal network, a load and an external feedback circuit, characterized in that the direct transmission circuit is made of cascade-connected complex four-terminal and a three-pole nonlinear element, load made in the form of the first two-terminal with complex resistance, an arbitrary complex four-terminal is used as an external feedback circuit, under connected to the direct transfer circuit in a serial-parallel circuit, the direct transfer circuit and the feedback circuit as a single node are cascaded between the introduced second two-terminal with complex resistance, simulating the resistance of the generator signal source in amplification mode, and the load, the first two-terminal with complex resistance z _нn made of series-connected first resistive bipolar with resistance R ₁ , coil with inductance L, arbitrary complex bipolar with resistance Z ₀ = R ₀ + jX ₀ and in parallel connected to each other a second resistive bipolar with resistance R ₂ and a capacitor with capacitance C, and the parameter values are determined from the condition that the denominator of the transmission coefficient at two frequencies is equal to zero using the following mathematical expressions:

Where

r ₁ = R _r1 -R ₀₁ , r ₂ = R _r2 -R ₀₂ , x ₁ = X _r1 -X ₀₁ , x ₂ = X _r2 -X ₀₂ ; R _vn = Re (z _nn ); X _vn = Im (z _nn );

a _n , b _n , c _n , d _n - given values of the complex elements of the classical transmission matrix of a complex four-terminal network in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies f _n ; ω _n = 2πf _n ;

,

,

,

- setpoints of complex elements of a mixed matrix H of a three-pole nonlinear element in a direct transmission circuit at given frequencies;

,

,

,

- setpoints of the complex elements of the mixed matrix H of a complex quadrupole feedback circuit at given frequencies; z _0n - set values of the complex resistances of the signal source of the generator in the amplification mode at specified frequencies; R _r1 , R _r2 , X _r1 , X _r2 - the optimal values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance z _nn load at two frequencies; n = 1, 2 - numbers of the given frequencies.

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