RU2597934C2 - Composite gun case for shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition of firearms, particularly, to casings. Composite gun case for fire arm consists of outer bottom, inner bottom and housing. Housing is rolled over or pressed around external bottom. This structure is filled with plastic from outside. Dimensions of plastic comply with those of cartridge chamber. Igniter is inserted in outer and inner bottoms.

EFFECT: improved performance characteristics of ammunition.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to ammunition for firearms and to other devices for launching solids into the surrounding space.

State of the art

Known designs of weapons cases have a bottle, cylindrical or conical shape, closed by the bottom. At the bottom of the sleeve there is a capsule socket into which an igniter capsule is inserted.

In the manufacture of such a design of a weapon case, a complex technological process is required with an alternating cycle of drawing, crimping and annealing the workpieces. As a result of the manufacture of weapon cases using this technology, a large number of defective products are obtained.

This design of the weapon shell does not significantly increase the speed of the projectile even with the latest gunpowder. When creating an optimal combustion chamber and applying the latest gunpowder, the projectile speed can be increased only by 30-40% of the existing projectile speeds.

In addition, the well-known design of cartridges during firing substantially heats the weapon case through which the barrel and the rest of the material part of the small arms are heated. Therefore, it is heated to such an extent that it becomes necessary to cool the barrel with additional technical means. Which dramatically reduces the survivability of the barrel of a firearm and its power.

Information sources:

Description of inventions to foreign patents and patents of the Russian Federation No. RU 2179701, RU 2040770, RU 2101662, RU 2184338, RU 2221212, RU 2062166, RU 2120344, RU 2286530, SK 192013.

Technical literature: 125 mm. Tank guns 2A26 (D-81) and 2A26M2. Technical description and instruction manual. 1981; 115 mm. Tank gun U-5TS. Album of drawings. Engineering. 1970; P.P. Pushchin. Gun shells. - M .: GIOP, 1941, A.G. Tuktanov "Technology for the production of small arms and cannons and artillery weapons", Engineering, 2007; Babak F.K. The Basics of Small Arms, Polygon, 2003; Gorst A.G. “Gunpowder and explosives”, Engineering, 1972; Babkin A.V., Veldanov V.A. and others. "Means of destruction and ammunition" MSTU. Bauman, 2008; Kirillov V.M. and Sabelnikov V.M. "Cartridges of small arms", M., Central Research Institute of Information, 1980; Ogorodnikov V.P., Zavolokin A.B. and others. "Fundamentals of the material part of civilian, service weapons and ammunition to it." Tutorial. Ulyanovsk, BSTU, 1999; P.P. Pushchin. "Gun shells." - M.: GIOP, 1941; The Basics of Small Arms, Polygon, St. Petersburg, 2003; “Designing rocket and barrel systems”, B.V. Orlov, Mechanical Engineering, 1974; “Foundations for the design of automatic weapons”, A.A. Blagonravov, M., 1940; "Foundations for the design and design of small arms", Penza, 1963; Ogorodnikov V.P., Zavolokin A.B. and others. "Fundamentals of the material part of civilian, service weapons and ammunition to it." Tutorial. Ulyanovsk, BSTU, 1999; Kirillov V.M. and Sabelnikov V.M. "Cartridges of small arms", M., Central Research Institute of Information, 1980; "Directory of cartridges, hand and special grenades of foreign armies." Military publishing house of the Ministry of Armed Forces of the USSR, Moscow, 1946. The design of cartridges for describing inventions to patents No. RU 2229091, RU 2397433, RU 2458315, RU 2069302 of the Russian Federation was adopted as prototypes.

Disclosure of invention

The aim of the creation of the present invention is to make the weapons case adaptable, increase the initial velocity of the projectile, reduce the heat load on the barrel of a firearm, increase the firing range along a flat trajectory or increase the height of fire on air targets, increase the power of firearms.

In order to increase the initial velocity of the projectile (bullet, projectile, shot, buckshot, flare, fireworks and other solid bodies) with the same mass of propellant, it is proposed to change the design of the weapon case and make it composite, and for better combustion and complete combustion of the propellant charge in the sleeve it is proposed to change the shape of the propellant combustion chamber in the body of the composite weapon sleeve.

To improve the manufacturability of the manufacture of a weapon case, it is proposed to produce it as a component of several parts (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5). A composite weapon case consists of several parts: the outer bottom (2), the inner bottom (3), the inner case (5). Parts are prefabricated, and then assembled into a single element. Parts (2), (3), (5) are manufactured using various technological methods of cold metal forming. The inner case of the composite sleeve (5) is made of a pipe by flaring and crimping it to obtain the required dimensions and profile.

In the manufacture of parts (2), (3), (5) of a composite weapon sleeve (8), non-ferrous metals or low-carbon plastic ferrous metals are used.

In the manufacture of weapon shells using traditional technology, metal parts of a shell of a given shape are obtained by cold forming and drawing shells from metal on presses of various designs or rotor lines with periodic annealing of blanks. This process is very time consuming and therefore the cost of the liner is very high. When using non-ferrous metals (for example, brass), the cost of a sleeve increases even more due to the high price of non-ferrous metals based on copper.

Metal sleeves produced by this technology have significant disadvantages:

- they have poor obturation, which leads to a breakthrough of propellant gases;

- longitudinally and transversely destroyed during the shot, which leads to a delay in firing;

- during the shot they heat up from propellant gases and transfer part of the heat flux to the barrel of the weapon, which heats up significantly and first loses its combat properties, and then becomes unusable;

- due to the abrasive properties of the shell during friction against the chamber, the dimensions of the chamber increase, which disables the weapon due to the constant rupture of the shell during firing;

- brass sleeves are expensive and prone to cracking during long-term storage;

- brass sleeves have relatively low strength properties, which limits their use in weapons with high propellant gas pressure;

- the inability to further increase the velocity of the projectile, even using gunpowder with a high burning rate;

- a high percentage of defects in the manufacture of sleeves.

However, the need for the creation of weapon shells for shells, providing high initial velocity of the projectile and providing a significant shelf life while the low cost of their manufacture, is very high.

The construction of a composite weapon case is proposed, which allows to achieve a significant reduction in the cost of a weapon case, and also allows to significantly improve the combat characteristics of firearms.

Several options are proposed for solving this proposal when using a composite weapon case.

The design of the composite weapon sleeve (8) is shown in (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4). Parts (2) and (3) of a composite sleeve are made of sheet metal, and part (5) and a seamless thin-walled pipe are manufactured using various cold metal processing methods. As a result, parts (2), (3), (5) are obtained, which we connect to each other in various ways. In order for the inner casing (5) to absorb the propellant gas pressure, it is rolled around the outer bottom (2) (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) or crimped (Fig. 4, Fig. 5), and a lock is formed (four).

After connecting parts (2), (3), (5) with each other and creating a lock (4), the assembled workpiece is placed in the mold, and by molding plastic under pressure, the outer case of the composite weapon sleeve (8) is made of plastic. In this case, the external dimensions of the composite weapon case (8) have the dimensions of a chamber of a firearm.

To increase the rate of outflow of propellant gases, the profile of the inner case of the composite weapon sleeve (8) is shaped like a Laval nozzle made in the form of two truncated cones mated with narrow ends (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3). The specified technical result is ensured by the fact that in known designs of the liners, the body has the shape of a cylinder or cone, and when fired, the velocity of the projectile with the same weight of the propellant charge depends on the power of the propellant used and its amount in the cartridge case. As the amount of propellant charge in the sleeve increases, the pressure forces of the propellant gases on the barrel increase, which in turn leads to an increase in the wall thickness of the barrels and, as a consequence, to an increase in the weight of the gun barrel. It is impossible to increase the weight of the trunk to infinity. This is a dead end path for the development of ammunition and weapons.

A different path for the development of ammunition and small arms of various calibers is proposed. This new direction in the development of ammunition allows several times to increase the initial velocity of the projectile without increasing the weight of the propellant charge. To do this, it is proposed to build a Laval nozzle in the case of the sleeve made in the form of two truncated cones conjugated with narrow ends. Using this design of the sleeve, other positive results will be achieved:

- weak heating of the trunks;

- the ability to fire in long bursts without overheating the barrel;

- high initial velocity of the projectile;

- reduced sound of a shot;

- flat trajectory of the projectile;

- improving the accuracy of shooting by reducing the time of approach of the projectile;

- weak environmental impact on the external trajectory of the projectile due to the short approach time.

When activating a propellant charge located in the composite weapon sleeve (8) (not shown in the drawings), the propellant ignites and a large amount of propellant gases is generated. The inner bottom (3) of the composite weapon case (8) has the shape of a truncated body of revolution to ensure active and complete combustion of the propellant charge in the composite weapon case (8).

When the propellant gases (Fig. 6) expire from the cavity (9) of the composite weapon sleeve (8) into the cavity (11), the acceleration of the propellant gases expires

where T is the absolute temperature of the gas. The Kelvin temperature scale is a scale in which the origin is taken from absolute zero. Absolute zero is defined as 0 K, which is -273.15 ° C;

P is the gas pressure;

V is the gas velocity;

M is the Mach number.

As propellant gases move through the nozzle, its absolute temperature (T) and pressure (P) decrease, and its velocity (V) increases.

On the narrowing, subcritical section of the nozzle (9), propellant gases move at subsonic speeds. In the narrowest critical section of the nozzle (10), the velocity of the propellant gases reaches sonic. In the expanding, supercritical section (11), the speed of propellant gases increases to supersonic speeds, and at the same time, the gas flow of propellant gases is constantly accelerated.

This acceleration is due to the fact that the Laval nozzle allows the formation of a compressed gas stream with a high rate of outflow of propellant gases, which contributes to an increase in the velocity of the projectile.

Under these conditions, Bernoulli’s law holds, for a stably current gas flow, the sum of the pressure, kinetic energy per unit volume and potential energy per unit volume is constant at any point in the stream. As a result of this, useful work is being done to move the projectile.

Moving along the nozzle, the gas expands, its temperature and pressure drop, and the speed increases (according to Bernoulli’s law, pressure and temperature must fall, and the speed increase, that is, the potential pressure energy and the internal thermal energy of the gas transform into the kinetic energy of the gas stream). The internal energy of the gas is converted into the kinetic energy of its directed movement. The coefficient of performance (COP) of such a conversion may exceed 70%. One of the properties contributing to this factor is that propellant gases pass through the nozzle very quickly and do not have time to give a noticeable amount of their thermal energy through heat transfer to the nozzle walls.

Thus, when using a Laval nozzle, a gas stream of propellant gases is formed in the weapon case with a high flow rate, which contributes to an increase in the projectile speed, and this increases the projectile range, altitude, accuracy and lethal force.

In addition, the absolute temperature (T) of propellant gases is significantly reduced (Fig. 6), which creates a low-temperature, comfortable mode of operation for the barrel of small arms, that is, the power of firearms increases.

Description of drawings

In FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 depicts options for a composite weapon case.

In FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 depicts methods for connecting parts of a composite weapon case.

In FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 shows a composite weapon case with a Laval nozzle.

In FIG. 6 shows a graph of the outflow of propellant gases from a Laval nozzle.

The drawings show the following details:

1 - igniter capsule

2 - outer bottom

3 - inner bottom

4 - lock

5 - inner case

6 - outer casing

7 - rib

8 - composite weapon case

The implementation of the invention

In the manufacture of sleeves, traditional technologies are used for metal forming and plastic molding in injection molds. The claimed design can be reproduced at an industrial enterprise, which indicates its compliance with the criterion of industrial applicability.

Claims (6)

1. A gun sleeve for a firearm projectile, consisting of a cylindrical, bottle or conical body closed by the bottom, in the bottom of the sleeve there is a capsule socket, into which an igniter capsule is inserted, characterized in that the sleeve is made integral and consists of an outer and inner case and the outer and inner bottom. 2. A gun sleeve for a firearm projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer casing is made of plastic. 3. A gun sleeve for a firearm projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner bottom of the sleeve has the shape of a truncated body of revolution. 4. A gun sleeve for a firearm projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the details of the sleeve are interconnected in various ways. 5. A gun sleeve for a firearm projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the external dimensions have the dimensions of a chamber. 6. A gun sleeve for a firearm projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner case has the shape of a Laval nozzle made in the form of two truncated cones mated with narrow ends.

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