RU2594527C1 - Grain transportation system in harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and can be used in machines to harvest headings and spiked cereals. System for transportation of grain in a harvester contains single flow remote beating chamber, grain accumulating tank, pipelines, cyclone, air duct and fan. Air duct is located at the outlet of the fan and is made in the form of a box of rectangular section with bottom unloading opening. Bin for chaff gathering is attached to pipeline under discharge opening. Inside the air duct there is a brush mechanism and upper and lower stops that are installed coaxially. Brush mechanism consists of brush holder with lever connected thereto, brush and brush holder turn limiter. Lever center is aligned with that of upper and lower stops. Between air duct and discharge branch pipe there is a grid. Device for gate control consists of the upper and lower sensors of grain level, which are installed on the cyclone top, signal converter and actuating mechanism. Signal converter is connected to upper and lower grain level sensors and controls the actuator connected to gate.

EFFECT: system of transportation of grain in harvester provides automation of opening and closing the gate for discharging grain from the cyclone into the grain bin.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, specifically to machines for cleaning panicle and cereal crops.

A conveying device is known, consisting of a system of screws and scraper conveyors of a thresher, which are used for continuous feeding of purified grain coming from a grain separator into the hopper (Combine harvesters "Don" / Yu.A. Peskov, I.K. Meshcheryakov, Yu.N. Yarmashev et al. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1986. - p. 67).

The described device for solving our problem is not acceptable due to a significant injury to the grain.

A known pneumatic system of a combine harvester for transporting threshing products containing a fan, a pneumatic line, a hopper for grain and impurities and a means for cleaning grain, in which, in order to improve the cleaning of grain from impurities during transportation, the means for cleaning grain is made in the form of a pneumatic pipe, the end section of which bunkers equipped with coaxially installed in it and made in the form of truncated cones sieves, the hole of each subsequent of which is smaller than the previous one, In this case, the sieves are facing with large bases towards the movement of the mass, the smaller base of the last sieve is connected to the grain hopper, and the end section of the pneumatic pipe is connected to the impurity hopper, in addition, the smaller bases of the front sieves are equipped with nozzles connected to the impurity hopper, before each sieve to attached to the walls of the pneumatic pipe are screw ribs located at an acute angle to large bases; behind the large bases of the sieves, air nozzles are installed tangentially to the inner wall of the pneumatic pipe (SU, copyright certificate 1440415 A1, M., class A01F 12/44, 41/00. Pneumatic system of a combine harvester for transporting threshing products. / B. A. Tkachev, V.P. Ivanov, M.S. Kozerev, V.D. Korpenko, N.I. Salamatin, A.V. Katrichev (USSR) - Application 4227441 / 30-15, filed April 10, 1987. Publ. 30.11.1988. Bull. 44 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1988. - 44).

The disadvantages of the described device include the complexity of the design and the lack of a purification system for discharged air.

The closest technical solution is a system for transporting grain from the threshing and separating device to the bunker of a sorghum harvester, including a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a grain collector, pipelines, a cyclone, a shutter, a bunker and a fan (A. Ryadnov. Justification of the structural and technological scheme of a pneumatic conveyor of grain of a sorghum harvester [Text] / A.I. Ryadnov // Bulletin of the Lower Volga Agricultural University: Science and Higher Professional Education, 2014, No. 3 (35), pp. 200-205).

The disadvantages of the described system include the fact that dust, floor and light impurities separated from the grain are transported through the pipeline to the fan, which are thrown out, which worsens the working conditions of the combine operator and there is the possibility of ignition of the floor and light impurities when they enter the exhaust manifold of the combine engine. In addition, the grain discharge flap into the hopper is opened manually by the combine operator.

The invention consists in the following.

The objective of the invention is to improve the working conditions of the operator of the harvester and reduce the possibility of conditions of ignition of light impurities of grain cleaning, as well as the automation of the opening and closing of the grain discharge flap from the cyclone to the hopper.

The technical result - the ability to clean the air at the outlet of the fan from dust, light impurities and floor, collecting floor in a separate hopper, as well as the automation of opening and closing the shutter discharge of grain from the cyclone into the hopper.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a known grain transportation system containing a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a grain collector, pipelines, a cyclone, a shutter, a hopper, a fan, an air duct, a hopper for collecting floors, a mesh, an outlet pipe, a filter are additionally installed, brush mechanism, brush mechanism drive, damper control device, while the duct mounted at the fan outlet has a discharge window made at the bottom of the duct, black Without which the floor and light impurities are unloaded into the floor hopper after cleaning the net with a brush, which is part of the brush mechanism, which is driven back and forth by the drive, and the grain level in the cyclone is automatically controlled by the damper control unit, which consists of the upper and lower grain level sensors mounted in the cyclone, a signal transducer associated with the upper and lower grain level sensors, and an actuator controlled by the transducer with ignals and connected to the flap.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed system for transporting grain in the combine.

In FIG. 2 shows location A of FIG. one.

The grain transportation system in the combine (Fig. 1) includes a direct-flow external threshing chamber 1, a grain collector 2, pipelines 3 and 7, a cyclone 4, a damper 5, a hopper 6, a fan 8, an air duct 9, a hopper 10 for collecting floors, a grid 11, an output the nozzle 12, the filter 13, the brush mechanism 14 (Fig. 2), the drive of the brush mechanism 15 (Fig. 1), the valve control device 16, while the duct 9, which is mounted at the outlet of the fan 8 and is made in the form of a box of rectangular cross section, an unloading window (Fig. 2), made from the bottom of the duct 9, to which A hopper 10 for collecting the floor is fixed at the unloading window, and inside the duct 9, on the upper and lower faces, the upper 17 and lower 18 stops are mounted coaxially and the brush mechanism 14 is mounted, consisting of a brush holder 19 with a lever 20 connected to it, the center of which coincides with the axis of the upper 17 and lower 18 stops, brushes 21, rods 22 with a rotation limiter 23 of the brush holder 19 connected to the brush holder 19 by a hinge 24; between the duct 9 and the outlet pipe 12, a grid 11 is mounted, and a filter 13 is installed on the outlet pipe 12; the flap control device 16 consists of an upper 25 and a lower 26 grain level sensors mounted in a cyclone 4, a signal transducer 27 connected to the upper 25 and a lower 26 grain level sensors in a cyclone, and an actuator 28 controlled by the signal transducer 27 and connected to damper 5.

The brush mechanism 14 is installed inside the duct 9 with the possibility of moving its traction 22 along the groove (Fig. 2) made in the duct 9.

The drive of the brush mechanism 15 provides reciprocating movement of the brush holder 19. The drive of the brush mechanism 15 may be pneumatic, electric, hydromechanical or mechanical, for example, from the shaft of the fan 8.

The grid 11 is installed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct and has cells, the dimensions of which allow you to trap light impurities and the floor, and air with dust to pass into the outlet pipe 12.

As the upper 25 and lower 26 grain level sensors can be used capacitive, or mechanical sensors, for example, a level sensor of bulk materials of the blade type DU-05, or another type.

The signal converter 27 may be, for example, an electrohydrodistributor, and the actuator 28 may be a hydraulic cylinder.

The operation of the grain transportation system in the combine is as follows.

The grain threshed by a direct-flow external threshing chamber 1 (Fig. 1) enters the grain collector 2, from where it is sucked by a fan 8 through a pipe 3 into a cyclone 4. In cyclone 4, dust and light impurities, including floor matter, are separated from grain, mainly due to centrifugal forces acting on the grain.

Local resistance to friction ensures the separation of grain from dust and light impurities. Grain under the influence of gravity falls from the cyclone 4 down onto the shutter 5, in the case of opening of which it enters the hopper 6 of the combine.

Air with dust separated from the grain, light impurities of the genital enters through a pipe 7 to a fan 8, which feeds the specified mixture into an air duct 9, made in the form of a box of rectangular cross section, at the end of which a mesh 11 is installed, which traps light impurities and floor, air enters with dust in the outlet pipe 12, and then, passing through the filter 13, is cleaned of dust and thrown out.

Light impurities trapped by the mesh 11 and the floor are cleaned from it by a brush 21 installed in the brush holder 19, which, in turn, is connected to the rod 22 by the hinge 24 moving along the groove made in the duct 9. The limiter 23 does not allow the brush holder 19 to rotate around the axis of the hinge 24 when moving downward when cleaning the mesh 11.

When the brush 21 moves downward, at the moment when the lever 20 is in contact with the lower stop 18, the brush holder 19 rotates around the axis of the hinge 24, and the brush 21 expels light impurities and the floor into the hopper 10.

When the brush 21 moves up, the brush holder 19 is in an inclined position due to the displacement of its center of gravity towards the brush 21. In this position, the brush 21 does not touch the mesh 11.

At the moment when the lever 20 is in contact with the upper stop 17, the brush holder 19 from an inclined position is set to horizontal. With the horizontal position of the brush holder 19, the brush 21 touches the mesh 11.

When the brush holder 19 moves from the upper position to the lower due to the friction forces of the brush 21 on the mesh 11, the brush holder does not rotate around the axis of the hinge 24, while it abuts against the stop 23.

Upon reaching the grain level in the cyclone 4, corresponding to the position of the upper sensor 25 (Fig. 1), the upper sensor 25 sends a signal to the signal converter 27, which controls the actuator 28, which moves the shutter 5 to a position that provides grain from the cyclone 4 to the hopper 6 The lower grain level in the cyclone is fixed by the sensor 26, the signal from which to close the shutter 5 is fed to a signal converter 27, which controls the actuator 28. The actuator 28 closes the shutter 5. When closed, the decomposition flap 5 is provided a high-quality work cyclone 5 than in the open valve position 5.

Thus, the described combination of essential distinguishing features ensures the achievement of the above technical result.

Claims (1)

A system for transporting grain in the combine, comprising a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a grain collector, pipelines, a cyclone, a damper, a hopper and a fan, characterized in that it further comprises an air duct, a hopper for collecting floors, a mesh, an outlet pipe, a filter, a brush mechanism, a brush mechanism drive a damper control device, while the duct is made in the form of a box of rectangular cross section and has a discharge window made at the bottom of the duct, mounted at the outlet of the fan; a hopper for collecting floors is fixed to the duct, under the discharge window, and upper and lower stops are aligned coaxially inside the duct, on its upper and lower faces, and a brush mechanism is mounted, consisting of a brush holder with a lever attached to it, the center of which coincides with the axis of the upper and lower stops, brushes, rods with a rotation limiter of the brush holder connected to the brush holder by a hinge; a mesh is mounted between the duct and the outlet, and a filter is installed on the outlet; the flap control device consists of an upper and lower grain level sensors mounted in a cyclone, a signal transducer associated with the upper and lower grain level sensors, and an actuator controlled by the signal transducer and connected to the flap.

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