RU2593308C1 - Vehicle for loading, transportation and unloading of loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: vehicle contains frame (1), trailer (12), truck chassis (3), rear side (23), bottoms (6) of elliptical section, elements of hydraulic system. To transport vehicle frame (1) ski (2) are connected at bottom with possibility of their height adjustment. Trailer is connected in front of frame (12), its position relative to frame is controlled with trailer control hydraulic cylinders (13). To frame (1) U-shaped frame (9) is also hinged, position of which is controlled by frame control hydraulic cylinders (15). To ends of U-shaped frame chassis trucks (3) are attached, which are fixed in transport position relative to frame by kingpins, pressed by springs. Inside each pin wedge is arranged, connected by means of pin to kingpin control hydraulic cylinder. Pin also enters kingpin grooves, in which there are longitudinal slots. Levers are hinged to frame (19), by other ends welded to rear side board (23). Rear side board position is control by side board control hydraulic cylinders (14). On lower part of rear side board there is blade (25), and on top is video monitoring camera (20). At bottom stops are welded to frame (7). Bottoms (6) of elliptic section are supported by stops, which positions are controlled with bottom control hydraulic cylinders (5). At ends of rear bottom there are bottom cutters (8), driven by chain drive through hydraulic pressing coupling (4). On rear side sections of side boards of frame are installed: external branch of left cutter (22), internal branch of left cutter, outer branch of right cutter and internal branch of right cutter driven by drive chains through hydraulic pressing coupling (21). Hydraulic system elements: tank, hydraulic pump, hydraulic valve and hydraulic control valve are connected to frame in front of vehicle. Brackets are installed at top on frame. Lifting hydraulic motors are arranged on brackets (16), which shafts are connected with winches. Winches control position of conveyor frame including chain (17), rakes (18), attached to bars, direct rotation hydraulic motor and reverse rotation hydraulic motor. On vehicle sensors are also installed, and in tractor cabin is control and alarm unit with screen.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of transport operations.

1 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to technical means for the transportation of bulk materials of low density.

A vehicle is known for loading, transporting and unloading hay and hay rolls [patent RU 2367135 C1, publication date: 09/20/2009, A01D 90/00], comprising a chassis, a platform with barriers, a trailer, a trailer lock and a forklift with grabs, taken prototype.

A vehicle for loading, transporting and unloading rolls is also known [patent RU 2314672 C2, publication date: 01/20/2008, A01D 90/00], comprising a platform with barriers and a loader, consisting of a hoist and grips controlled by hydraulic cylinders of the tractor hydraulic system. The disadvantage of these vehicles is the difficulty of their use for the transport of bulk materials of low density, such as loose hay, straw, peat. Special loading vehicles are used to load these materials into existing vehicles, and often both vehicles and loading vehicles are used inefficiently.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of transport operations in agriculture through the implementation of self-loading of bulk materials of low density by a vehicle, without the use of special loading equipment, and their unloading in automatic mode.

The problem is solved in that the body of the proposed vehicle is equipped with mechanical hydraulically-controlled devices that load it with bulk materials of low density, and unload them in automatic mode.

New significant features:

- skis are attached to the vehicle frame below with the possibility of their height adjustment;

- in front of the frame is attached a trailer, the position of which relative to the frame is controlled by hydraulic cylinders for controlling the trailer;

- a U-shaped frame is pivotally attached to the frame, the position of which is controlled by the frame control hydraulic cylinders;

- chassis trolleys are attached to the ends of the U-shaped frame;

- in the transport position, the chassis trolleys are fixed relative to the frame with pivots pressed by springs;

- inside each kingpin there is a wedge connected by means of a finger to the hydraulic cylinder for controlling the kingpin;

- the finger also enters the recesses of the kingpin, in which there are longitudinal slots;

- levers are pivotally attached to the frame, welded to the rear side with other ends;

- the position of the rear side is controlled by the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the side;

- a knife is installed on the bottom of the tailgate, and a CCTV camera at the top;

- below the frame welded stops;

- bottoms of elliptical section are supported on the stops, the position of which is controlled by hydraulic cylinders for controlling the bottoms;

- at the ends of the rear bottom are the bottom cutters, driven into rotation by means of drive chains through a hydraulic clutch;

- on the rear sections of the side flanges of the frame are installed driven by drive chains through hydraulic clutch: the outer branch of the left mill, the inner branch of the left mill, the outer branch of the right mill and the inner branch of the right mill;

- in front of the frame are connected the elements of the vehicle’s hydraulic system: tank, hydraulic pump, hydraulic valve and control valve;

- brackets are installed at the top of the frame;

- on the brackets are hydraulic lifting motors whose shafts are connected to the winches;

- winches control the position of the conveyor frame;

- the conveyor includes chains, tines attached to the slats, a direct rotation hydraulic motor and a reverse rotation hydraulic motor;

- Sensors are installed on the vehicle, and a control and alarm unit equipped with a screen is installed in the tractor cabin.

New essential features are sufficient in all cases to which the requested scope of legal protection applies.

The set of known and distinctive features of the claimed vehicle is not known from the prior art and does not follow from it in an obvious way.

A new technical result is that the proposed vehicle can carry out self-loading of bulk materials of low density, their transportation and unloading in automatic mode without the use of special loading means.

In FIG. 1 shows a right view of a vehicle for loading, transporting and unloading bulk materials; in FIG. 2 - the same front view; in FIG. 3 - rear view; in FIG. 4 is a top view; in FIG. 5 is a bottom view; in FIG. 6 - view B; in FIG. 7 - view B; in FIG. 8 - section aa; in FIG. 9 is an aggregation diagram with a tractor and arrangement of sensors; in FIG. 10 and 11 - loading diagrams of bulk materials; in FIG. 12 is a diagram of the unloading of bulk materials.

The skeleton of the vehicle body is an all-welded frame 1 (Fig. 1), made of rectangular pipes, to which the front and side sides are welded. Skis 2 are attached to the frame below with the possibility of their height adjustment. A trailer 12 is attached to the frame at the front, whose position relative to the frame is controlled by the trailer control hydraulic cylinders 13. A U-shaped frame 9 is pivotally attached to the frame, the control cylinders of the frame 15 control it. The chassis trolleys 3 are connected to the ends of the U-shaped frame. the chassis is fixed relative to the frame by pivots 45 (Fig. 8), pressed by springs 41 and included in the bushings 47 with sliding bearings 46. To each hydraulic control cylinder pivot 40, closed by a casing 33 (f of 4, 5, 8), via a pin 42 (FIG. 8) is connected a wedge 48, the kingpin entering inside. Friction bearings are also installed between the U-shaped frame and the chassis trolleys. A roller 44 is located on the sliding bearing of the left sleeve (in the direction of the vehicle), along which the drive circuit 43 moves. All drive circuits are located inside the tubes of the frame.

The levers 19 are also pivotally attached to the frame (Fig. 1), the other ends are welded to the rear side 23, on the lower part of which a knife 25 is installed, and at the top there is a video surveillance camera 20 (Figs. 1, 3, 4). The position of the rear side is controlled by the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the side 14 (Fig. 1).

At the bottom of the frame are welded stops 7 (Fig. 1, 5). The bottoms 6 of the elliptical section are supported on them, the position of which is controlled by the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the bottoms 5. At the ends of the rear bottom there are cutters of the bottom 8, which are driven by the drive chains through the hydraulic clutch 4 (Fig. 1).

On the rear sections of the side flanges of the frame, driven by drive chains through the hydraulic clutch 21 are installed: the outer branch of the left mill 22 (Fig. 1, 4, 5), the inner branch of the left mill 36 (Fig. 4, 5), the outer branch of the right mill 34 and the inner the branch of the right mill 35. Their tension is carried out by the tension hydraulic cylinders 24 (Fig. 1). The rotation drive to the cutters comes from the power take-off shaft of the tractor 50 (Fig. 9) through a gearbox 10 (Fig. 1, 2), cardan shafts 26 (Fig. 2) and drive chains. The hydraulic pump 11 was also driven from the gearbox (Fig. 1, 2). Ahead of the frame are attached elements of the hydraulic system of the vehicle: tank 27 (Fig. 2), hydraulic valve 31 and control valve 32.

At the top of the frame are brackets 28 (Figs. 2, 6, 7), and on them are hoist motors 16, which, with winches 29, control the position of the conveyor frame 37 (Figs. 6, 7). The conveyor includes chains 17 (Figs. 1, 6, 7), tines 18 attached to the slats 30 (Figs. 2, 6), a direct rotation hydraulic motor 38 (Fig. 6) and a reverse rotation hydraulic motor 39 (Fig. 7). Sensors 49 are installed on the vehicle (Fig. 9), and a control and signaling unit (BUS) 51 is installed in the tractor cabin. The tractor must have a pneumatic booster for switching off the clutch 52.

Before starting loading or unloading, the operator includes a tractor power take-off shaft to create a working fluid pressure in the vehicle’s hydraulic system. Depending on the height of the feed material, there are three options for loading it. If the height of the feed material exceeds the height of the vehicle, for example a straw stack, the machine operator extracts the pivots from the bushings in the frame by the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the pivots. Initially, the kingpin control hydraulic cylinder (Fig. 8) moves the wedge by means of a finger, choosing the clearance “X” in the recesses of the kingpin. At the same time, due to the elasticity of the metal, the longitudinal slots “P” in the king pin partially converge, weakening the king pin in the hole of the chassis trolley. Then, the kingpin control cylinder removes the kingpin from the sleeve in the vehicle frame, compressing the spring. The machine operator estimates the height of the mass of material intended for loading into the vehicle (Fig. 10a), and by coordinated movement of the trailer relative to the hull and the casing relative to the chassis trolleys, by means of the trailer control cylinders and the frame control cylinders, sets the vehicle to the desired height. Then he raises the tailgate with the help of the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the side. At the same time, the surveillance camera automatically turns on. The machine operator includes: a hydraulic motor for reverse rotation of the conveyor, by means of hydraulic clutch couplings - milling cutters of the rear bottom, the outer and inner branches of the left milling cutter, the outer and inner branches of the right milling cutter and a slow reverse gear of the tractor. The machine operator observes the loading progress on the screen of the control and signaling unit (BUS). The rear bottom cutter, the outer and inner branches of the left cutter, the outer and inner branches of the right cutter are cut into the immersed material, creating slots in it for passage of, respectively, the bottoms and side sides of the vehicle into the material array. The conveyor throws on top of the excess material loaded.

If during the loading process there are any foreign objects in the material on the cutter path, the hydraulic clamp in the drive of this cutter will start to slip, the corresponding sensor will work and send a signal to the bus. BUS by means of a pneumatic booster turning off the clutch will disconnect it and moving the tractor back to the vehicle will stop. At the same time, the milling cutter into which a foreign object fell on the BUS display will be indicated. The operator will continue loading after removing a foreign object. This way mills and other vehicle components are protected from damage.

When the chassis trolleys have reached the array of the loaded material, the sensor will also work and send a signal to the bus. BUS by means of a pneumatic booster turning off the clutch will disconnect it and moving the tractor back to the vehicle will stop. The machine operator, by means of the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the side, lowers the tailgate onto the array of material, engages in a slow forward gear and drives off the array of material. In this case, the knife mounted on the rear side separates the material loaded into the vehicle from the material array. Then the machine operator changes the position of the vehicle relative to the array of material and continues loading. For a full vehicle load, three to four entrances to an array of material are needed. Upon completion of filling the body will trigger the appropriate sensor and send a signal to the bus. BUS by means of a pneumatic booster turning off the clutch will disconnect it and moving the tractor back to the vehicle will stop. At the same time, the inscription “body is full” will be displayed on the BUS display.

The machine operator, by means of the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the side, lowers the tailgate onto the material array, engages in a slow forward gear and, moving away from the massif of material, lowers the tailgate. At the same time, the CCTV camera is turned off, and the message “board lowered” will be displayed on the BUS display. The machine operator coordinated movement of the trailer relative to the housing and the housing relative to the chassis trucks, sets the vehicle to the height of the transport position. Then he puts the pivots in the control cylinders into the bushings in the frame (Fig. 8). Initially, the kingpin control cylinder loosens the spring and from its impact the kingpin enters the sleeve in the frame. After that, the control cylinder of the king pin moves the wedge in the recesses of the king pin by means of a finger. In this case, the longitudinal slots “P” in the king pin diverge, and the king pin is jammed in the hole of the chassis trolley. The corresponding sensor will send a signal to the bus. The message “king pin is fixed” will be displayed on the BUS display. The mechanic turns off: the hydraulic motor for reverse rotation of the conveyor, the hydraulic clamping drive of the bottom cutter drive, the hydraulic clamping coupling of the drive of the external and internal branches of the left mill, the external and internal branches of the right mill, and then the tractor power take-off shaft. Then it turns on the transfer and moves to the place of unloading of material.

If the height of the loaded material approximately corresponds to or slightly exceeds the height of the vehicle body (Fig. 10b), the machine operator evaluates the evenness of the platform on which the array of loaded material is located, and first sets the skis at such a height that the bottom cutter does not touch the surface of the platform during rotation. Then he takes the pivot control hydraulic cylinders from the bushings in the frame, sets the vehicle on skis in coordinated movement of the trailer relative to the chassis and the chassis relative to the chassis trolleys and lifts the chassis trolleys up to the end using the hydraulic control cylinders. At the same time, he lifts the tailgate through the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the side. The further course of loading is similar to that described earlier, and the transfer of the vehicle to the transport position differs from that described in that the body with the load does not lower, but rises.

If the height of the loaded material is less than the height of the vehicle (Fig. 11a), the machine operator, after installing the skis, lowers the vehicle onto them, lifts the chassis trolleys and the tailgate up to the end. This loading phase is similar to loading, when the height of the loaded material approximately corresponds to the height of the vehicle body. It ends when the feed reaches the front side. After that (Fig. 11b), the machine includes a direct rotation hydraulic motor and lowers the conveyor to the surface of the feed material. The conveyor frame can "float" on this surface, and the mechanizer regulates its position relative to the body by means of winches with lifting motors. The conveyor straps and tines load material into the body. In this case, the machine operator periodically includes a slow reverse gear, moving the vehicle back. At the end of the load (Fig. 11c), the operator lifts the conveyor completely, puts the vehicle in the transport position and moves to the place of unloading of material.

After arriving at the place of unloading (Fig. 12a), the machine operator includes the tractor’s power take-off shaft and the “unloading” program on the control unit. Material is unloaded from the vehicle automatically in the following sequence:

- raising the tailgate (Fig. 12b), as a result of which a portion of the material located at the rear is unloaded to the site;

- lifting the body to the "unloading" position (Fig. 12B), providing the height necessary to rotate the bottoms;

- turning on the rear bottom cutters and turning the rear bottom (Fig. 12d) at an angle of about 45 ° by means of hydraulic control cylinders for unloading part of the material;

- rotation of the front bottom (Fig. 12e) for the final discharge of material;

- lifting the body above the material (Fig. 12e);

- rotation of the bottoms in the initial position (Fig. 12E).

The machine operator observes the unloading progress on the screen of the control and signaling unit (BUS). Then it engages the transfer, drives off the unloaded material and puts the vehicle in the transport position.

Claims (1)

A vehicle for loading, transporting and unloading bulk materials, comprising a frame, a trailer, chassis trolleys, a tailgate, elliptical bottoms, hydraulic elements, characterized in that skis are attached to the vehicle frame at the bottom with the possibility of height adjustment, a trailer is attached at the front , the position of which relative to the frame is controlled by trailer control cylinders, a U-shaped frame is also pivotally attached to the frame, the position of which is controlled by the frame control cylinders and the chassis trolleys are attached to its ends, which in the transport position are fixed relative to the frame by pivots pressed by springs, and inside each pivot there is a wedge connected by means of a finger to the pivot control cylinder, and the finger also enters the pockets of the pivot, in which there are longitudinal slots, in addition, levers are pivotally attached to the frame, welded with other ends to the rear side, the position of which is controlled by the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the side, on the lower part of the rear side It has a knife, and at the top there is a video surveillance camera, stops are welded to the frame below, bottoms of elliptical section are supported on them, the position of which are controlled by hydraulic cylinders of the bottoms, and at the ends of the rear bottom there are bottom cutters driven into rotation by drive chains through a hydraulic clutch, on the rear The sections of the side flanges of the frame are driven by drive chains through hydraulic clutch couplings: the outer branch of the left mill, the inner branch of the left mill, the outer branch of the right mill and the inner branch of the right cuts, in addition, in front of the frame are elements of the vehicle’s hydraulic system: a tank, hydraulic pump, hydraulic valve and control valve, and brackets are installed on the top, lifting brackets are located on the brackets, the shafts of which are connected to the winches, and the winches control the position of the conveyor frame, including chains , rakes attached to the rails, a direct rotation hydraulic motor and a reverse rotation hydraulic motor, sensors are also installed on the vehicle, and a control and alarm unit in the tractor cabin, equipped with a screen.

Images