RU2590823C1 - Composition for reclamation of disturbed lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention has environment protection tendency and can be used for reclamation of industrially disturbed lands, as well as for improvement of motor road side slopes. Composition for reclamation of disturbed lands includes seeds of meadow fescue (0.015-0.018 t/ha), hybrid alfalfa (0.010-0.015 t/ha), and smooth brome (0.020-0.025 t/ha), crumbled peat (3.00-5.00 t/ha), bitumen emulsion (50.00-60.00 t/ha). Condensed methane fermentation products and wastes of cattle and poultry farms are used as soil fertiliser in amount of 0.50-0.70 t/ha.

EFFECT: strong elastic coating is obtained on surface of disturbed lands, which provides recovery of soil and grass by sowing perennial grasses.

1 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, is environmental protection and can be used in the reclamation of man-made disturbed lands, as well as in the improvement of slopes of roads.

Known composition for the restoration of quarries and disturbed lands (RU, patent 2293103 C2, IPC C09K 17/00, A01B 79/02, published 04/10/2006), which includes peat-sand mixture, drill cuttings, as well as active neutralizing and reclamation additives. The following are used as active additives: a) quicklime, “Soylex”, “Degradoilas” the rest or b) Sorbent “Unipolymer” 0.4-0.6%, biochemical preparation “Polyenzyme complex UNI-REM”.

The disadvantages of the known composition are:

- the use of significant quantities of peat, which is a valuable and limited natural resource, as well as sand, suggesting the development of additional quarries of peat and sand.

- an increase in the cost of the composition due to the use of scarce additives (Soylex, Degradoilas, UNI-REM, etc.).

Known composition (AS USSR No. 1247388 A1 dated 07/30/86; composition for reclamation of disturbed lands), which contains: peat - 20-50% (by weight), glauconite sand - 22-68%), and also phosphorite ore - 8-16%, dictioneem shale - 4-16%.

The disadvantage of the composition is that it has an increased consumption of high-quality sand and peat - 72-88% (by weight), and also requires the introduction of expensive and scarce additives - phosphate rock and dictioneem shale.

Closest to the proposed invention is a (prototype) experiment using horse manure for the restoration of disturbed lands during diamond mining, described in the works: Nikiforov A.A. Disturbed lands during diamond mining and problems of their restoration / A.A. Nikiforov, S.I. Mironova // International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. - 2013. - No. 8. - from. 233-234.

However, the use of manure has several disadvantages, including the presence of pathogenic microflora. Dung can contain diseases dangerous for animals and humans: salmonellosis, ascariasis, intestinal infections. The presence of a long storage period before use, in which up to 50% nitrogen is lost. The presence of weed seeds that do not lose their germination ability, even after passing through the animal’s stomach.

The objective of the invention is the biological reclamation of disturbed lands with a composition including meadow fescue seeds (15-18 kg / ha), hybrid alfalfa (10-15 kg / ha) and beechless rind (20-25 kg / ha), peat crumb (3- 5 t / ha), bitumen emulsion (50-60 t / ha), characterized in that condensed methane products of waste from livestock and poultry enterprises are used as soil fertilizers (0.5-0.7 t / ha).

The advantages of using condensed products of methane fermentation of waste from livestock and poultry enterprises as soil fertilizer are:

- lack of pathogenic microflora;

- the absence of germinating weed seeds, due to anaerobic digestion in a biogas plant, total nitrogen is fully preserved;

- the presence of active microflora;

- a high level of humification of organic matter serves as a powerful impetus for the activation of soil microorganisms;

- nitrogen-fixing and other microbiological processes occur much faster;

- lack of storage period.

Examples of the implementation of the proposed method

Example 1

A mixture under pressure of 6 atm with a hose (gun) is applied to the site for the restoration of a flat surface of the earth with the help of hydropowing. The mixture is prepared in the following ratio of components: meadow fescue seeds (15 kg / ha), alfalfa hybrid (10 kg / ha) and beechless rind (20 kg / ha), peat crumb (3 t / ha), bitumen emulsion (50 t / ha), condensed methane fermentation products from livestock and poultry enterprises waste (0.5 t / ha) obtained under the following conditions are used as soil fertilizer:

- feedstock - waste from livestock and poultry enterprises (manure, litter, etc.).

- fermentation mode - thermophilic-mesophilic (50-35 ° C);

- the fermentation time of the reactor revolution is 8-15 days;

- humidity of the feedstock - 84-87% of the mass. (depending on the type of raw materials used);

- sealing the reactor, supporting anaerobic conditions in it.

Example 2

A mixture under a pressure of 6 bar using a hose (gun) is applied to the site for the reclamation of an inclined surface of the earth, for example, a slope of a quarry or a dirt road, by means of hydropowing. The mixture is prepared in the following ratio of components: meadow fescue seeds (0.018 t / ha), hybrid alfalfa (0.015 t / ha) and beechless rind (0.025 t / ha), peat crumb (5 t / ha), bitumen emulsion (60 t / ha) ha), condensed methane fermentation products from livestock and poultry enterprises waste (0.7 t / ha) obtained under the following conditions are used as soil fertilizer:

- feedstock - waste from livestock and poultry enterprises (manure, litter, etc.).

- fermentation mode - mesophilic (37 ° C);

- reactor turnaround time - 14-20 days;

- humidity of the feedstock - 90-96% of the mass. (depending on the type of raw materials used);

- sealing the reactor, supporting anaerobic conditions in it.

If the content of condensed products of methane fermentation of waste from livestock and poultry enterprises is less than 0.5 t / ha, the mulching properties of the condensed products of methane fermentation of waste will not be sufficiently expressed.

The content of condensed products of methane fermentation of waste from livestock and poultry enterprises of more than 0.7 t / ha is not economically profitable, since it leads to an increase in the price of the composition while maintaining the same consumer properties.

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the known allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

The result is expressed in obtaining on the surface of the disturbed lands a durable elastic coating that ensures restoration of the soil and vegetation cover by planting perennial grasses. Distributed bitumen emulsion and mulching material form a protective layer on the reinforced slope, in which the seeds are fixed, which prevents their washing off and blowing out during the absence of a developed root system.

Claims (1)

Composition for the restoration of man-made disturbed lands, including meadow fescue seeds (0.015-0.018 t / ha), hybrid alfalfa (0.010-0.015 t / ha) and boneless rind (0.020-0.025 t / ha), peat crumb (3.00- 5.00 t / ha), bitumen emulsion (50.00-60.00 t / ha), characterized in that condensed methane products of waste from livestock and poultry enterprises are used as fertilizers for the soil in quantities (0.50-0, 70 t / ha).