RU2585849C2 - Paper saturated with insecticidal substances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal effects.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agents for insect control. Device for insect control includes carrier capable of glowing, which is equipped with at least one insecticidal substance selected from group consisting of prallethrine, esbiotrine, d-alletrine, d-Cis-trans-alletrine, d-trans-alletrine, pyrethrum extracts, bioalletrine and S-bioalletrine. Carrier is capable of glowing paper support having paper mass from 25 to 300 g/m².

EFFECT: invention allows to increase efficiency of insect control.

6 cl, 4 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to paper impregnated with insecticidal active substances, a method for its production and its use for controlling insects.

It is known that for the extermination or repelling of insects, such as mosquitoes, using electric heaters, for example, the so-called evaporator plates. In this method, appropriate substances, such as cellulose and cotton board, asbestos, ceramic materials and / or artificial resins, are impregnated with solutions of insecticidal active ingredients, thereby obtaining insecticidal plates. Insecticides evaporate under the influence of a heating device, which creates a temperature from 120 to 190 ° C.

A significant drawback of these evaporator plates is that these evaporators unevenly release active substances over the intended period of validity. At the beginning of the work, the release of the active substance is for the most part redundant, and then it is constantly and greatly reduced. The effectiveness of such evaporator plates decreases over a given period of use.

Evaporative devices for home use have long been known, which are described, for example, in British application GB-B-2 153 227; they evaporate the solution using a wick heated by electricity, the active substance being dissolved in a mixture of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.

The amounts of organic solvents required in these so-called liquid evaporators are very large compared to the amount of active substance, which, when using the product, leads to an undesirable increase in the concentration of solvent in the room, which, among other things, causes pollution of walls and objects close to these devices, what consumers often complain about.

Battery-operated insecticide vaporizers are used for controlling annoying insect pests, the radiation plate of which is heated to a temperature between 90 and 130 ° C to vaporize the insecticide (German application DE 19525782 A1).

In addition, dry fuel briquettes for controlling insects are known from German application DE 20 2004 008 226 U1, in particular when using the grill in the open air, which briquettes consist of a carrier of a porous and / or cavity structure and fuel from wax and / or paraffin and / or stearin, and the composition of the fuel contains citronella oil.

In addition, the evaporation of insecticides by electric fans is known, directing the air flow along the carrier impregnated with a solution of the active substance. Such fan systems are described, for example, in WO-A-96/32843.

Natural and synthetic materials impregnated with transflutrin are known from European application EP-B-0279325, for example moth control paper.

From the German application DE 199 47 146 A1, carrier materials are known to be impregnated with active substances belonging to the group consisting of transfluthrin, pyramine forte, vaportrin, pralletrin. Carrier materials are used at room temperature to control indoor insects. Due to their volatility, insecticidal active substances evaporate from the carrier material and thus provide a certain concentration in the air. The systems described in German application DE 19947146 A1 are unsuccessful, however, in the sense that, on the one hand, they release insecticidal active substances already during long-term storage, and it is not obvious to the consumer what the real activity of the already stored system will be during later use. On the other hand, the isolation of insecticidal active substances from the system is not effective enough.

Smoking coils are also known, for example, Baygon® coils that protect against mosquitoes for 6-12 hours, for example, on a veranda, on a balcony, in a campground or in a room. For use, they set fire to the ring, and the ring decays, so that the active substance contained therein is slowly and constantly released - in the open air or indoors. To put the size of about 20 m ² must be a ring, commercially available. The disadvantage of these rings, however, is that when used, they tend to break easily, so that they are only partially used.

In addition, to control insects, to quickly remove insects from enclosed spaces, aerosols and oil spraying agents are used. If insect re-entry is prevented, the rooms treated in this way can then be aired again. The corresponding systems, however, have the disadvantage that aerosol mist or mist from sprayed oil is not sufficiently finely distributed in the room due to its mass.

Common to all these products is that their production requires high technical and transport costs, is slow and therefore expensive. In addition, the use of the world's most widespread products - aerosols, sprayed oil products and spirals - requires the use of huge amounts of natural resources, such as kerosene, propane / butane, sawdust, glue, starch, as well as prescription aids. In addition, their use usually necessitates the subsequent disposal of appropriate packaging, such as cans, valves, plastic bottles, overpacks, etc.

Thus, taking into account the above-described current technical level, the specialist is faced with the task of proposing a device for controlling insects that does not have the disadvantages presented above.

In a first embodiment, the solution to this problem is based on a device for controlling insects, including a smoldering carrier.

The carrier is characterized in that it contains at least one insecticidal active substance.

Thus, in the first embodiment according to the invention, it is provided to provide an insect control device that includes a smoldering carrier, which, for example, due to impregnation, contains at least one insecticidal active substance. According to the invention, the carrier is made so that it - once set on fire - after extinguishing, for example, by blowing or a gust of wind, continues to smolder and does not go out completely. Due to smoldering, the carrier releases at least one insecticidal active substance, which provides insect control.

Carrier

In the framework of the present invention, no special restrictions are imposed on the carrier, as long as it is able, by smoldering, to release at least one insecticidal active substance.

As the carrier, for example, cellulose-based material can be used. In this regard, as an example, mention should be made of paper medium, which is described in more detail in the framework of the preferred form of execution. Other cellulose-based materials are, for example, wood chips, wood chips or sawdust, rice husks, corn cobs (preferably without grains), pecans and peanuts. Particularly, particle boards, especially thin ones, can be used as a carrier material. A suitable cellulose-based carrier is described, for example, in German patent application DE 4322376 A1, the disclosure of which is included in this application with respect to this issue.

Another possible carrier option is a carrier based on textile materials. Such a carrier can completely or partially include synthetic fibers, such as polyester or nylon, or natural fibers, such as cotton, viscose, a mixture of viscose and linen, or a mixture of synthetic and natural fibers, such as cellulose / polyester ("synthetic paper") or cotton / polyester. Other examples are wool / felting and trevira (polyester fiber) / satin.

Another possible carrier option is based on abrasive materials such as polycarbonates, polyesters, polyamides and polyterephthalates. Thus, in the framework of the present invention, it turned out that the carrier for the insecticidal active substance can be made from a synthetic material, the active substance into which is introduced before the final manufacturing or molding of the carrier. In the framework of the present invention, this active substance is characterized in that in the process of forming the carrier element, the effectiveness of the active substance does not decrease or decreases only slightly, and at the same time, when the plastic carrier smolders, it can be released from the latter mainly with a constant evaporation rate. For the manufacture of the carrier, an injection molding method can be applied in which an insecticidal active substance, for example, a pyrethroid, is added to the starting plastic material, for example, polycarbonate, and then the final shape is given to this mixture by processing in an injection mold. Alternative manufacturing techniques can also be extrusion or deep drawing.

In the framework of the present invention, the use of a cellulose-based carrier is particularly preferred.

Moreover, in the framework of the present invention, the use of paper media is highly preferred.

The solution to the problem underlying the present invention in a highly preferred embodiment is based on an insect control device, including a smoldering paper carrier.

A paper carrier is characterized in that it contains at least one insecticidal active ingredient.

Thus, in this highly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is contemplated to provide an insect control device that includes a smoldering paper carrier, which, for example, by impregnation, contains at least one insecticidal active ingredient. According to the invention, the paper carrier is designed so that it - once set on fire - after extinguishing, for example, by blowing or gust of wind, continues to smolder and does not go out completely. Due to smoldering, the paper carrier releases at least one insecticidal active ingredient, which provides insect control.

In a particular form of this highly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device according to the invention consists of a carrier, in particular a paper carrier, at least one insecticidal active substance and, if necessary, other additional substances, such as potassium nitrate. Other additional substances are described below.

Cellulose-based media - paper media

According to a first embodiment of the invention, a paper carrier is included in the composition of the device according to the invention. In this paper carrier contains fiber. By “fiber” in the framework of the present invention is meant a mass obtained by chemical treatment of plant (mostly wood) fibers, which mainly consists of cellulose.

Paper carriers of the type similar to that according to the invention have been known for many years, however, not in the field of insect control. So, for about 150 years, the paper carrier has been impregnated with Asian wood (styrax family) resin “Styrax”, and the resulting product is called “Armenian paper”. Apply "Armenian paper" to neutralize the smells of food and tobacco or other unpleasant odors. The Frenchman Auguste Poncet brought the resin, which is also used for the production of incense and which therefore reminds him of its smell, from a trip to Armenia. Paper is used in the form of books with a different number of pages. When using this paper, one page (one sheet) is separated from the book, lit in the ashtray and extinguished again, allowing it to slowly smolder. During smoldering, the paper releases the desired perfumes and provides a pleasant smell around itself. The paper substrate according to the invention is also used in a similar manner.

In principle, there is no particular restriction on the paper carrier used, since it is generally suitable to contain the corresponding insecticidal active substance, and after igniting and extinguishing the paper carrier, at least one insecticidal active substance, mainly without destroying it.

It turned out, however, that for the purposes according to the invention it is advisable to use paper media with a paper weight of from 25 to 300 g / m ² , in particular from 25 to 270 g / m ² , particularly preferably from 25 to 250 g / m ² , extremely preferably from 25 to 230 g / m ² , even more preferably from 25 to 215 g / m ² , in particular from 25 to 200 g / m ² .

In addition, it is preferable that the thickness of the paper carrier be in the range from 0.1 to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably from 0.15 to 0.45 mm, very preferably from 0.15 to 0.40, even more preferably - in the range from 0.15 to 0.34 mm, and in particular from 0.15 to 0.32 mm.

Regarding the size of individual paper media, there are no limitations of the present invention. However, the paper carrier according to the invention must have a size and shape suitable for use by the end user, i.e. the size should allow the paper carrier to smolder in a vessel, such as an ashtray.

As an example of a paper carrier to be used according to the invention, mention may be made of a cardboard carrier, for example, absorbent or corrugated cardboard.

Insecticidal active ingredient

In the device according to the invention, a carrier, in particular a paper carrier, containing only one insecticidal active substance can be used. Alternatively, it is possible to provide in the carrier, in particular in paper, two or more insecticidal active substances, such as, for example, 2, 3 or 4 insecticidal active substances.

The selection of an appropriate insecticidal active ingredient is, in principle, limited only by the fact that the insecticidal active substance at the smoldering temperature of the carrier, in particular paper carrier, comprising approximately 350 to 600 ° C, is released into the surrounding atmosphere mainly without decomposition, mainly without losing its insecticidal qualities. By the term “substantially non-degradable” in the context of the present invention is meant that there is at most 80%, preferably at most 70%, particularly preferably at most 60%, especially at most 50%, and very preferably 40 % In a first embodiment of the present invention, the paper substrate is impregnated with at least one insecticidal active substance selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids, in particular selected from the group consisting of acrinatrin, allethrin, d-allethrin, d-cis-trans- allethrin, d-trans-allethrin, alfamethrin, batrin, bifentrin, bioallethrin, S-bioallethrin, bioallethrin-S-cyclopentyl isomer, bioethanometrin, biopermetrin, bioresmetrin, chloaprotrin, clocitrin, cycloprotrin, cytamutrin, cyfluthrin, qi halotrin, lambda-cichalotrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cifenotrin, deltamethrin, depalletrin, empentrin, empentrine (IR-isomer), esbotrinrin, esfenferropertne, esfenferropertrin, esfenferropertrin, esfenferropertrin, esfenferropertrin, esfenferropertrin, esfenferropertrin, esfenferropertrin, esfenferropertin, esfenferropertin, esfenferropertin, esfenferrinpert, , fenvalerate, flucrocytrinate, flucytrinate, flufenprox, flumetrin, imiprotrin, cadetrin, metoflutrin, neopenamine, permethrin, cis-permethrin, trans-permethrin, phenotrin, phenotrin (IR-trans-isomer), d-phenotrifrin, pralt, pral pinamine forte, pyresmetrin, pyrethrin, res etrin, cis-resmethrin RU 15525, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin (ftaltrin), tetramethrin (IR-isomer), terallethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, piretrins (feverfew), and any mixture of the title of the active ingredients.

In yet another embodiment, the insecticidal active ingredient can be selected from the following active ingredients, the following insecticidal active ingredients can be used singly, as well as in any combination with the above insecticidal active substances.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (AChE)

Carbamates,

for example, alanicarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allixicarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butenocarb, butacarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, dimethyl arbene phenobenzo, phenoberobenzo methiocarb, metomil, metolcarb, HMS, xylylcarb, triazamate

Organophosphates

for example, acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (methyl, ethyl) bromophos-ethyl, bromphenvinphos (methyl), butathiophos, cadusafos, carbofenotion, chloroethoxyphos, chlorphenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (methyl, ethyl), coumaphos, cyanofen, cyanofen methyl, demeton-S-methyl sulfone, dialifos, diazinon, dihlofention, dichlorvos (DDVP), dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimetilvinfos, dioksabenzofos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, Etrimfos, famfur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, flupirazofos, fonofos, formothion , fosmethylan, fostiazat, heptenophos, iodofenfos, ipro benfos, isazophos, isofenfos, isopropyl O-salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mekarbam, methacryphos, metamidophos, methidation, mevinphos, monocrotophos, frost, methoate, oxydemetone-methyl, parathion (methyl, ethyl phosphor, fento, fento, fento, fento, fento, fento, fento, fento phosphamidon, fosfokarb, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl, -ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos, protoat, piraklofos, pyridaphenthion, piridation, kvinalfos, sebufos, sulfotep, sulprofos, tebupirimifos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, tiometon, triazophos, triklorfon , youdotion sodium channel modulators in / voltage-sensitive sodium channel blockers

DDT

Oxadiazines, e.g. indoxacarb

Semicarbazone, e.g. metaflumizone (BAS3201)

Chloronicotinyl agonists and antagonists of acetylcholine receptors, for example, acetamipride, clotianidin, dinotefuan, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, triacloprid, thiamethoxam nicotine, bensultap, cartap

acetylcholine receptor modulators

spinosins, e.g. spinosad

GABA-driven chloride channel antagonists

organochlorins, e.g. camfechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane, methoxychlor

fiprols, e.g. acetoprol, etiprol, fipronil, pirafluprol, pyriprol, vanilliprol

chloride channel activators

mectins, e.g. abamectin, emamectin, emamectin-benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemycin juvenile hormone mimetics, e.g. diophenolane, epophenonan, phenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene, metoprene, pyriproxifen, triprene

Ecdysone antagonists and disintegrants

Diacylhydrazines, e.g. chromaphenoside, halofenoside, methoxyphenoside, tebufenoside

Benzoylurea chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, e.g. bistrifluuron, chlorofluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucyclochsuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, novaluron, novimflumuron, penfluuron, teflubenuron, three

Buprofesin

Cypromazine

Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, ATP disintegrators

Diafentyuron

Organotin compounds, e.g. azocyclotin, cyhexatin, phenbutatin oxide

Dissociators of oxidative phosphorylation by interruption of the proton gradient

Pyrroles, e.g. chlorfenapyr

dinitrofinols, e.g. binapacrryl, dinobutone, dinocap, DNOC

Inhibitors of electronic transport in position 1

Mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, e.g. phenazaquin, fenpiroximate, pyrimidiphene, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad

hydramethylnon

dicofol

Inhibitors of electronic transport in position 2

rotenone

Inhibitors of electronic transport in position 3

Acequinocil, fluacripyrim

Microbial destroyers of the intestinal membrane of insects

Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis

Fat synthesis inhibitors

Tetronic acids, e.g. spirodiclofen, spiromesifen

Tetric acids, for example spiro tetramate, cis-3- (2,5-dimethylphenyl) -8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro [4.5] dec-3-en-2-one

carboxamides, e.g. flonicamide

octopaminerg agonists, e.g. amitraz

inhibitors of magnesium-stimulated ATPase,

propargite

nereistoxin analogs, e.g. thiocyclam hydrooxalate, thiosultap sodium

Ryanodine receptor agonists

benzoic acid dicarboxamide, e.g. flubendiamide

Anthranilamides, for example rinaxipyr (3-bromo-N- {4-chloro-2-methyl-6 - [(methylamino) carbonyl] phenyl} -1- (3-chloropyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide )

Biological agents, hormones or pheromones

azadirachtin, Bacillus spec, Beauveria spec, codlemon, Metarrhizium spec, Paecilomyces spec, thuringienzine. Verticillium spec

Active substances with unknown or nonspecific mechanism of action

fumigants, e.g. aluminum phosphide, methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride

appetite suppressants, e.g. cryolite, flonicamide, pimetrosine

tick growth inhibitors, e.g. clofentesin, ethoxazole, hexithiazox

amidoflumet, benklotiaz, benzoximate, bifenazate, bromopropylate, buprofezin, chinomethionat, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, chloro-pikrin, klotiazoben, tsiklopren, tsiflumetofen, ditsiklanil, fenoksakrim, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flufenerim, flutenzin, gossiplyur, hydramethylnon, yaponilyur, metoxadiazone, petroleum, piperonyl butoxide, sodium oleate, pyridylyl, sulfluramide, tetradiphon, tetrasul, triaraten, verbutin.

Under the insecticidal active substance in the framework of the present invention also mean an active substance with a repelling effect or synergist.

Active substances with a deterrent effect can also be used individually or in combination with other active substances, such as diethyltoluamide (DEET) or picanidine.

In terms of the content of the insecticidal active substance, the carrier provided in accordance with the invention, in particular paper carrier, does not impose any particular restrictions. It turned out, however, that the content of the active substance is from 0.01 bis 100.0 mg / 24 cm ² of paper, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 80 mg / 24 cm ² of paper, very preferably from 0, 1 to 60 mg / 24 cm ² paper area, even more preferably 0.15 to 40 mg / 24 cm ² paper area, in particular 0.20 to 20 mg / 24 cm ² paper area, in each case are based on a carrier, in particular paper carrier, which has the aforementioned mass of paper and its aforementioned thickness.

In the insect control agent according to the invention, the carrier, in particular the paper carrier, may also contain other components. An important component is potassium nitrate, which makes it possible to ensure that the carrier, in particular paper, does not burn completely, but smolders after being ignited and then extinguished. The amount of potassium nitrate present in the carrier, in particular in the paper carrier according to the invention, is in principle not limited to anything. It turned out, however, that the potassium nitrate content is from 5 to 50 g / m 2, particularly preferably from 7 to 45 g / cm ² , very preferably from 9 to 40 g / cm ² , even more preferably from 10 to 35 g / cm ² , in particular from 12 to 30 g / cm ² .

Carriers to be used according to the invention may also contain natural and / or synthetic fragrances, as well as organic and inorganic dyes.

Natural flavors (aromatic substances) can be selected, for example, from the group consisting of musk, civet, ambergris, casterum and similar aromatic substances: ayovan aromatic oil, almond oil, ambrette seed absolute, angelica root oil (angelica), anisole , essential oil of basil, laurel, benzoin, bergamot essence, birch oil, rosewood oil, gorse absolut, kayeput, cananga oil, pepper oil, caraway oil, cardamom oil, carrot seed oil, cassia oil, cedar oil, oil from eryan celery, cinnamon oil, citronellol, nutmeg oil, clove oil, cognac oil, coriander oil, cube butter, camphor oil, dill oil, tarragon oil, eucalyptus oil, sweet fennel oil, calbanum resin, garlic oil, geranium oil, ginger oil , grapefruit essential oil, hop oil, hyacinth absolute, jasmine absolute, elderberry oil, labdanum resin, lavender oil, laurel essential oil, lemon oil, lemongrass oil, lovage oil, matzo oil, tangerine oil, ab mizoma salt, absolute myrrh, mustard oil, absolute narcissus, neroli oil, nutmeg oil, oak moss absolute, olibanum resin, onion oil, opoponax resin, orange oil, orange blossom oil, concrete iris, pepper oil, peppermint oil, Peruvian balm, petigrene oil, fir oil, rose absolute, rose oil, rosemary oil, sandalwood oil, sage essential oil, curly mint oil, styrax oil, thyme oil, tolu balm, tonka bean absolute, tuberose absolute, turpentine, absolute pods in vetiver ie oil, absolute, violet leaves, ylang-ylang, and the like scented oils of vegetable origin, etc.

As synthetic fragrances in the carrier materials according to the invention, in particular in paper media, you can add:

pinene, limonene and similar hydrocarbons; 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, linalool, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, menthol, borneol, borneylmethoxy-cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, anise alcohol, cinnamon alcohol, β-phenyl ethyl alcohol, cis-3-hexanol, terpineol and similar alcohols ; anethole, muskksilol, isoeugenol, methyleugenol and similar phenols; α-amyl-cinnamaldehyde, anisic aldehyde, n-butyric aldehyde, cuminic aldehyde, cyclamendehyde, decylaldehyde, isobutyric aldehyde, hexylaldehyde, heptylaldehyde, n-nonylaldehyde benzene dehydrodehyde dehydride, benzene , α-hexyl-cinnamic aldehyde, undecanal, heliotropin, vanillin, ethyl vanillin and similar aldehydes; methyl amyl ketone, methyl β-naphthyl ketone, methylnonyl ketone, musketone, diacetyl, acetylpropionyl, acetyl butyryl, carvone, methone, camphor, acetophenone, n-methyl-acetophenone, ionone, methylionone and similar ketones; amyl butyrolactone, diphenyl oxide, methyl phenyl glycidate, nonyl acetone, coumarin, cineole, ethyl methyl phenyl glycidate and similar lactones or oxides; methyl formate, izopropilformiat, linalilformiat, ethyl acetate, octyl acetate, methyl acetate, benzyl acetate, cinnamyl acetate, butyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, izopropilizobutirat, geranilizovalerat, allilkapronat, butilgeptilat, oktilkaprilat, metilgeptinkarboksilat, metiloktinkarboksilat, isoamyl caprylate, methyl laurate, ethyl myristate, methyl myristate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, metilkarbinilfenilatsetat, isobutylphenyl acetate, methylcinnamate, styracin, methyl salicylate, anisic acid ethyl ester, methylanthranilate, ethyl pyruvate, ethyl butyl butyrate benzyl propionate, butyl acetate, butyl butyrate, para-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, cedryl acetate, citronellyl acetate, citronellyl formate, para-cresyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl caproate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl phenyl aminosilate aminobenylacetyl, aminobenyl acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-azinoyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-acetyl-azinoyl-aminosilate linalyl acetate, methylanthranilate, methyldihydrojasmonate, nonyl acetate, 3-phenylethyl acetate, trichloromethylene phenyl carbinyl acetate, terpenyl acetate, vetiveryl acetate and the like esters. These fragrances can be used individually, or at least two of them can be used in a mixture with each other. Along with perfume, the composition according to the invention, if necessary, may include additives customary for the perfume industry, for example patchouli oil or correspondingly similar volatility reducing agents, as well as eugenol and correspondingly similar viscosity adjusting agents.

Products according to the invention may also contain deodorizing agents, such as, for example, lauryl methacrylate, geranyl crotonate, acetophenone myristate, para-methylacetophenone benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl propionate, amyl-cinnamaldehyde, anisic aldehyde, diphenyl oxide, methylbenzenoate, ethylbenzoate, ethyl .d.

In addition, individually or in combination with the aforementioned insecticidal active substances, synergists, such as, for example, octachlorodipropyl ether and piperonyl butoxide, may be contained in the carriers, in particular the paper carriers according to the invention.

Matrix

Moreover, the insecticidal active substance can be in the matrix on the carrier, in particular on paper. Due to the use of the matrix material in which the insecticidal active substance is located, it is possible to achieve that, after the manufacture of the product according to the invention and before its use, the insecticidal active substance generally does not evaporate and does not change the quality of the product according to the invention.

As matrix materials, all systems that prevent at least one insecticidal active substance used according to the invention from vaporizing from a carrier material, for example, from a paper carrier under normal environmental conditions (23 ° C, 1013 mbar), can be used.

Organic substances that can be used as matrix materials include polyvinyl alcohol, wheat protein and its derivatives, carbohydrates, starch (from various plant sources), amylose and its derivatives, amylopectin and its derivatives, cellulose and its derivatives, hydrolyzed starch, modified starch, modified starch derivatives, maltodextrins, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitin, chitosan, polysaccharide gums and their derivatives, polyethylene glycol, polyester, guide hydroxyalkyl-starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose derivatives, casein, gelatin, solubilized proteins, polyacrylamide, polyamines, resin based on styrene and maleic anhydride, polyethylene amine, xanthan gum.

Other examples include polyacrylates, such as maleized or epoxidized polymers, optionally with crosslinking, and (meth) acrylate polymers with crosslinking. Condensation products of the maleized or epoxidized polymer and a crosslinking agent, preferably polyamine, are preferred. Suitable polymers are, for example, the reaction products of polydienes, such as polybutadiene, polydecadiene and soybean oil with a molecular weight of more than 400 g / mol with maleic anhydride, in addition, copolymers of olefins, such as ethylene, with maleic anhydride, as well as epoxidized polybutadiene. Preferred crosslinking agents are polyamines, in particular polyoxypropylene diamine and polyoxypropylene triamine. In addition, triethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine and urea can also be used as crosslinking agents. It is advisable that the crosslinking reaction takes place in an alcohol solution, for example, in dipropylene glycol, at an elevated temperature. Maleic acid anhydride groups or epoxy groups or the same —NR — CO— groups of crosslinked polymers and the polyoxyalkylene polyamine —CRH — O— groups have a hydrophilic effect.

Another class of polymers is the copolymerization of monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomers, for example, hydroxyethyl acrylate or poly (propylene oxide) (ethylene oxide) monomethacrylate, with one polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer, for example, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or polyethylene glycol-400-d. The synthesis of (meth) acrylate polymers with crosslinking is carried out by radical copolymerization of monomers. In both cases, cross-linked polymers are capable of absorbing liquids and gases, for example, finely dispersed insecticidal active substances in liquid, dissolved or dispersed form.

It is also possible to use solid alkane carboxylic acids and gel-like metal salts with alkane carboxylic acids as matrix materials. It is advisable to mention stearic acid and alkali metal salts of stearic acid, such as: sodium stearate, and in addition, a mixture of stearic acid and palminic acid or their alkali metal salts, for example, a mixture of sodium stearate and sodium palmitate. The corresponding matrix forming substances are described in German application DE 19624819 A1, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this invention.

Other examples include inorganic substances, for example, silicic acid, polysilicates, polyphosphoric acid and its derivatives, polyboric acids, clay, etc.

In addition, it is also possible to use microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredients. Thanks to microencapsulation of individual insecticidal active substances, their unwanted release under normal conditions can be avoided. Corresponding systems are described in German application DE 10022,989 A1, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this invention.

Manufacture

The impregnated carrier materials to be used according to the invention, in particular paper carrier materials, can be produced by all conventional methods of impregnation if the carrier, in particular the paper carrier, is not damaged during impregnation, for example, by spraying the carrier with an insecticide solution and subsequent drying, for example , in air, or by immersion of the carrier in an insecticide solution, followed by drying, for example, in air. Other appropriate methods of impregnation are impregnation with a pipette, ink spraying method, and screen printing method.

Thus, carriers, in particular paper carriers of the insect control agents according to the invention, in one embodiment can, for example, be made by soaking in an appropriate carrier material, in particular paper, with an appropriate solution or emulsion. In this case, it is advisable to use carriers, especially paper media, described above, in which the proper amount of potassium nitrate has already been added, as a starting material. In yet another embodiment, the carrier, in particular paper, is equipped with a glowing synergist. This can be, for example, potassium nitrate or potassium permanganate.

Appropriate solutions or emulsions containing at least one insecticidal active ingredient may be water or oil based. They - in addition to at least one insecticidal active ingredient - if necessary, contain other components, such as potassium nitrate, antioxidants, for example phenol derivatives, in particular butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT), butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), bisphenol derivatives, arylamines, as for example, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, a condensate of phenetidine and acetone or similar products, or benzophenones, and emulsifying agents, for example, Span 80 or fatty acid esters.

The following can be used as organic and inorganic auxiliary substances: ammonium salts and natural stone flour, such as kaolins, alumina, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth and synthetic stone flour, for example, finely divided silicic acid, aluminum oxide and silicates: as solid carriers for granules can be used: for example, crushed and fractionated minerals, for example, calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, as well as synthetic granules from inorganic and organic powders and granules from organic materials, such as, for example, nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol esters, for example, alkylaryl-polyglycol ether, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates as well as protein hydrolysates; as dispersants used: for example, products of the processing of lignin with sulfurous acid and methyl cellulose.

Adhesive additives, for example carboxymethyl cellulose, natural or synthetic polymers in powder, granular or latex-like state, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins, can be used in insecticide-containing gel formulations according to the invention. . Mineral or vegetable oils can also be used as additives.

It is possible to use dyes, such as inorganic pigments, for example, iron oxide, titanium, syncali, and organic dyes, for example, alizarin, azophthalocyanine and metallophthalocyanine dyes, as well as trace elements, for example, iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

In a first embodiment, for applying an insecticidal active substance to a carrier, in particular to a paper carrier, a water-based solution or emulsion is preferably used.

In a second embodiment, an oil-based solution or emulsion is preferably used for applying the insecticidal active substance to a carrier, in particular a paper carrier, the main solvents containing kerosene, such as isopar, and paraffin, such as Isopar® (Exxon )

The insect control agents according to the invention are particularly suitable for controlling flying insects, for example mosquitoes, midges and flies, for example from the genus Musca domestica, for controlling moths, ants, ticks, cockroaches and silverfish. For these purposes, the carrier, in particular the paper carrier, is set on fire and extinguished immediately so that it then smolders, for example, in a suitable vessel. The duration of smoldering depends on the size of the carrier, in particular the paper carrier, and on the amount of potassium nitrate present in the carrier, in particular in the paper carrier. Typically, the smoldering period is from 1 minute to several hours, depending on the material of the carrier, in particular on the quality of the paper, its type and method of impregnation of paper.

The insect control agents according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in enclosed spaces, for example, in rooms, cellars, pantries, warehouses, stalls and silos. In the framework of the present invention, however, it is possible to use in the open air, for example, on the veranda or in the campground.

Based on the following examples, a detailed explanation of the present invention is given, which, however, is in no way limited to the forms of execution described in the examples.

1. Insect control experience (test chamber volume 1 m ³ )

1.1. Materials

Experimental insects: 1. Aedes aegypti, strain BioGenius 04, sensitive, age 3 days, different sex

2. Culex quinquefasciatus, strain BioGenius 05, age 3 days, different sex

1.2. Equipment

Wire baskets: length 8.5 cm, ⌀8 cm Plastic glasses: ⌀9.5 cm, height 4.5 cm Tampons: Cellulose Sugar Water: 10% crystalline sugar (Pfeiffer & Langen) in tap water Test Room: Chamber with equipment with a volume of 1 m ³

1.3. Environmental conditions

Temperature: 22 ° C Relative humidity: 40% Shine: electric lighting

1.4. Insect control

a) Baygon rings:

0.03% transflutrin (0.5 g corresponds to 0.15 mg transfluthrin)

b) Test paper (according to the invention)

Paper sheets of 82.2 cm ² impregnate 0.66 mg of transflutrin. In the experiments used paper media in the following sizes:

(1) 35.7 cm ² (respectively, 0.290 mg transflutrin)

(2) 27.9 cm ² (respectively 0.225 mg transflutrin)

(3) 18.6 cm ² (respectively, 0.150 mg transflutrin)

1.5. Experiment

Biological tests with mosquito rings with a given amount of product, in chambers of 1 m ³ in which insects are enclosed.

Three baskets (length 8.5 cm, diameter 8) are placed in the upper parts of glass test chambers with a steel bottom, the dimensions of which (internal) are 0.84 m × 0.87 m × 1.37 m (means volume 1 m ³ ) cm) containing 20 experimental insects (age 3-4 days). A predetermined amount of paper medium (usually 0.5 g) is placed in the middle of the bottom and set on fire on one side.

The time during which 10%, 50% and 95% of insects die (CT 10, CT 50 and CT 95) is determined. The experimental insects remained in the chambers for 60 minutes. Then, the final number of insects killed was determined. All insects are removed from the baskets and transferred to a transparent plastic container that does not contain an insecticide. The glasses are closed with perforated lids and placed in them cellulose swabs soaked in a 10% sugar solution. After the insects have been in this insecticide-free atmosphere for 24 hours, mortality is determined.

The experiments are repeated three to five times.

Change: Instead of 95% mortality (CT 95), 100% mortality (knock down) (CT 100) is determined. Given the results of the first screening tests, experiments are not repeated.

1.6. results

The effectiveness of impregnated paper media (according to the invention) compared to Baygon rings in the destruction of yellow fever-causing mosquitoes Aedes aegypti strain BioGenius 04, sensitive, in chambers with a capacity of 1 m ³ .

Product mg of active substance per m ³ mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% mortality after 1 hour,% mortality after 24 hours,% CT 10 CT 50 CT 95 Paper active substance: transflutrin 0.290 2′35 ″ 3′13 ″ 4′27 ″ one hundred one hundred 0.225 3′27 ″ 4′25 ″ 6′′00 ″ one hundred one hundred 0.150 4′08 ″ 4′48 ″ 6′47 ″ one hundred one hundred Baygon Black 0.03% Transflutrin Ring 0.150 4′37 ″ 5′57 ″ 7′40 ″ one hundred one hundred Paper carrier without active active ingredient (control) 0 0

The effectiveness of impregnated paper media (according to the invention) compared with Baygon rings in the destruction of yellow fever-causing mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus strain BioGenius 05, sensitive, in chambers with a capacity of 1 m ³ .

Product mg of active substance per m ³ mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% mortality after 1 hour,% mortality after 24 hours,% CT 10 CT 50 CT 95 Paper active substance: transflutrin 0.290 4′42 ″ 4′57 ″ 7′43 ″ one hundred 70 0.225 4′57 ″ 5′37 ″ 9′43 ″ one hundred 70 0.150 5′53 ″ 6′53 ″ 10′17 ″ one hundred 60 Baygon Black Spiral 0.03% Transflutrin 0.150 6′13 ″ 8′07 ″ 15′47 ″ one hundred 98 Paper carrier without active active ingredient (control) 0 0

1.7. Rating

Comparison of the above results demonstrates that paper media according to the invention demonstrate greater efficiency of extermination of Aedes agypti and Culex quinquefasciatus than Baygon rings.

2. Insect control experience (test chamber volume 20 m3)

2.1. Materials

Experimental insects: 1. Aedes aegypti, strain BioGenius 04, sensitive, age 3 days, different sex

2. Culex quinquefasciatus, strain BioGenius 05, sensitive, age 3 days, different sex

2.2. Equipment

Wire baskets: length 8.5 cm, ⌀8 cm Plastic glasses: ⌀9.5 cm, height 4.5 cm Tampons: Cellulose Sugar Water: 10% crystalline sugar (Pfeiffer & Langen) in tap water Test Room: 20 m ³ room with equipment, glass cup with holder for spiral, fan

2.3. Environmental conditions

Temperature: 23-26 ° C Relative humidity: 40-47% Shine: electric lighting

2.4. Insect control

a) Baygon rings: 0.03% transfluthrin (2.0 g corresponds to 0.6 mg transfluthrin)

b) Test paper (according to the invention)

Test paper was made by impregnating the following amounts of a solution containing 3 mg of transfluthrin and 1 ml of acetone:

(1) 0.6 mg transflutrin (a leaf area of 18.6 cm ^{2 is} impregnated with 0.2 ml of solution)

(2) 1.2 mg transflutrin (a leaf area of 27.9 cm ^{2 is} impregnated with 0.4 ml of solution)

(3) 2.4 mg transflutrin (a leaf area of 35.7 cm ^{2 is} impregnated with 0.8 ml of solution)

2.5. Experiment

The experiments are carried out in a room schematically shown in the illustration below and having a volume of 20 m ³ (length 2.84 m, width 2.33 m, height 3.03 m), the inner walls and the roof being made of steel (DIN 4571). There are five windows in the room. The floor is covered with unglazed tiles. Three wire baskets (length 8.4 cm, diameter 8.0 cm, mesh size 1.0 mm), in each of which there were 20 experimental insects (age 3-4 days) are distributed in the room in which the experiment is carried out, on height of 1.80 m at points A, B and C in each case at a distance of 0.45 m from the nearest wall (Fig. 1).

The ring is placed in a glass cup, which is placed on a rack in the middle of the room at a height of 0.5 m. The ring is fixed with an ordinary holder and set on fire from one end. Under the cup there is a fan (diameter 0.2 m), the blades of which are directed upwards, throughout the experiment it rotates with an intensity of 1 (manufactured by Progress, Italy), type: 956 5780-04 W 11, 220 volts, 25 watts, 50 Hz).

The time during which 10%, 50% and 95% of insects die (CT 10, CT 50 and CT 95) is determined. The experimental insects remained indoors for 60 minutes. Then, the final number of insects killed was determined. All insects are removed from the baskets and transferred to a transparent plastic container that does not contain an insecticide. The glasses are closed with perforated lids and placed in them cellulose swabs soaked in a 10% sugar solution. After the insects have been in this insecticide-free atmosphere for 24 hours, mortality is determined.

The experiments are repeated three to five times.

2.6. results

The effectiveness of the aerosol of impregnated paper media (according to the invention) compared to Baygon rings in the destruction of yellow fever-causing mosquitoes Aedes aegypti strain BioGenius 04, sensitive, in rooms with a volume of 20 m ³ .

Product mg of active substance mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% mortality after 1 hour,% mortality after 24 hours,% CT 10 CT 50 CT 95 Paper carrier 0.6 3′53 ″ 6′23 ″ 8′20 ″ one hundred one hundred 5′30 ″ 7′07 ″ 9′50 ″ one hundred one hundred Active ingredient: transflutrin 5′33 ″ 7′32 ″ 8′43 ″ one hundred one hundred 4′59 ″ 7′01 ″ 8′58 ″ one hundred one hundred 1,2 4′0 ″ 4′53 ″ 6′20 ″ one hundred one hundred 2′53 ″ 4′07 ″ 6′03 ″ one hundred one hundred 4′30 ″ 5′43 ″ 6′43 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′50 ″ 4′54 ″ 6′22 ″ one hundred one hundred 2.4 3′23 ″ 3′47 ″ 4′57 ″ one hundred one hundred 2′03 ″ 2′40 ″ 4′43 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′30 ″ 4′17 ″ 5′20 ″ one hundred one hundred 2′59 ″ 3′35 ″ 5′00 ″ one hundred one hundred Baygon Rings 0.03% Transflutrin 0.6 11′00 ″ 14′17 ″ 19′03 ″ one hundred one hundred 6′57 ″ 12′07 ′ 18′30 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′30 ″ 13′37 ″ 17′47 ″ one hundred one hundred 9′16 ″ 13′20 ″ 18′17 ″ one hundred one hundred Paper carrier without active active ingredient (control) - 0 0

The effectiveness of impregnated paper media (according to the invention) compared to Baygon rings in the destruction of yellow fever-causing mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus strain BioGenius 05, sensitive, in chambers with a capacity of 1 m ³ .

Product mg of active substance mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% mortality after 1 hour,% mortality after 24 hours,% CT 10 CT 50 CT 95 Paper carrier
Active ingredient: transflutrin 0.6 6′47 ″ 10′47 ″ 16′37 ″ one hundred one hundred 8′43 ″ 12′23 ″ 16′10 ″ one hundred one hundred 7′07 ″ 10′13 ″ 13′47 ″ one hundred 98 7′32 ″ 11′08 ″ 15′31 ″ one hundred 99 1,2 5′13 ″ 7′27 ″ 12′13 ″ one hundred one hundred 4′23 ″ 5′47 ″ 10′17 ″ one hundred one hundred 6′00 ″ 7′00 ″ 12′03 ″ one hundred one hundred 5′12 ″ 6′45 ″ 11′31 ″ one hundred one hundred 2.4 4′00 ″ 5′03 ″ 7′57 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′07 ″ 3′50 ″ 5′03 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′53 ″ 4′50 ″ 6′10 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′40 ″ 4′34 ″ 6′23 ″ one hundred one hundred Baygon Rings 0.03% Transflutrin 0.6 15′47 ″ 21′40 ″ 37′30 ″ one hundred one hundred 21′40 ″ 28′30 ″ 36′33 ″ one hundred one hundred 15′03 ″ 21′40 ″ 31′20 ″ one hundred 90 17′30 ″ 23′57 ″ 35′08 ″ one hundred 97

2.7. Rating

Comparison of the above results demonstrates that paper media according to the invention demonstrate greater efficiency of extermination of Aedes agypti (2-3.5 times) and Culex quinquefasciatus (2-5 times) than Baygon rings.

3. Insect control experience (test chamber volume 20 m ³ )

3.1. Materials

Experimental insects: 1. Aedes aegypti, strain BioGenius 04 vulnerable, age 3 days, different sex

2. Culex quinquefasciatus, strain BioGenius 05, vulnerable, age 3 days, different sex

3.2. Equipment

Wire baskets: length 8.5 cm, ⌀8 cm Plastic glasses: ⌀9.5 cm, height 4.5 cm Tampons: Cellulose Sugar Water: 10% crystalline sugar (Pfeiffer & Langen) in tap water Test Room: 20 m ³ room with equipment, glass cup with holder for spiral, fan

3.3. Environmental conditions

Temperature: 24-25 ° C Relative humidity: 36-47% Shine: electric lighting

3.4. Insect control

Test paper (according to the invention)

Test paper was made by impregnating the following amounts of a solution containing 3 mg of transfluthrin and 1 ml of acetone:

(1) 0.15 mg transflutrin (a leaf area of 18.6 cm ^{2 is} impregnated with 0.2 ml of solution)

(2) 0.30 mg transflutrin (a leaf area of 27.9 cm ^{2 was} impregnated with 0.4 ml of solution)

(3) 0.60 mg of transflutrin (a leaf area of 35.7 cm ^{2 is} impregnated with 0.8 ml of solution)

3.5. Experiment

The experiments are carried out in a room schematically shown in the illustration below and having a volume of 20 m ³ (length 2.84 m, width 2.33 m, height 3.03 m), the inner walls and the roof being made of steel (DIN 4571). There are five windows in the room. The floor is covered with unglazed tiles. Three wire baskets (length 8.4 cm, diameter 8.0 cm, mesh size 1.0 mm), each of which contained 20 experimental insects (age 3-4 days), are distributed over the room in which the experiment is carried out, at a height of 1.80 m at points A, B and C in each case at a distance of 0.45 m from the nearest wall (Fig. 1).

The ring is placed in a glass cup, which is placed on a rack in the middle of the room at a height of 0.5 m. The ring is fixed with an ordinary holder and set on fire from one end. Under the cup is a fan (diameter 0.2 m), the blades of which are directed upwards, throughout the experiment it rotates with an intensity of 1 (see details above).

The time during which 10%, 50% and 95% of insects die (CT 10, CT 50 and CT 95) is determined. The experimental insects remained indoors for 60 minutes. Then, the final number of insects killed was determined. All insects are removed from the baskets and transferred to a transparent plastic container that does not contain an insecticide. The glasses are closed with perforated lids and placed in them cellulose swabs soaked in a 10% sugar solution. After the insects have been in this insecticide-free atmosphere for 24 hours, mortality is determined.

The experiments are repeated three to five times.

3.6. results

The effectiveness of the aerosol of impregnated paper media (according to the invention) compared to Baygon rings in the destruction of yellow fever-causing mosquitoes Aedes aegypti strain BioGenius 04, sensitive, in rooms with a volume of 20 m ³ .

Product mg of active substance mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% mortality after 1 hour,% mortality after 24 hours,% CT 10 CT 50 CT 95 Paper carrier
Active ingredient: transflutrin 0.15 7′00 ″ 9′13 ″ 14′43 ″ one hundred 95 6′32 ″ 8′33 ″ 12′10 ″ one hundred 95 4′47 ″ 7′03 ″ 8′47 ″ one hundred one hundred 6′26 ″ 8′16 ″ 11′53 ″ one hundred 97 0.30 3′38 ″ 4′33 ″ 5′40 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′27 ″ 5′07 ″ 7′50 ″ one hundred one hundred 4′13 ″ 5′13 ″ 6′47 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′46 ″ 4′58 ″ 6′46 ″ one hundred one hundred 0.60 2′43 ″ 3′47 ″ 5′03 ″ one hundred one hundred 2′40 ″ 3′20 ″ 4′57 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′20 ″ 4′13 ″ 5′28 ″ one hundred one hundred 2′54 ″ 3′47 ″ 5′09 ″ one hundred one hundred

The effectiveness of impregnated paper media (according to the invention) in the destruction of yellow fever-causing mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus strain BioGenius 05, sensitive, in chambers with a capacity of 1 m ³ .

Product mg of active substance mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% mortality after 1 hour,% mortality after 24 hours,% CT 10 CT 50 CT 95 Paper carrier
Active ingredient: transflutrin 0.15 21′40 ″ 23′23 ″ - eighteen 40 13′30 ″ - - 37 45 9′33 ″ - - 68 40 14′54 ″ - - 41 42 0.30 7′00 ″ 9′13 ″ 27′33 ″ 95 75 8′33 ″ 14′43 ″ - 75 55 8′13 ″ 14′22 ″ - 87 65 7′55 ″ 12′46 ″ - 99 65 0.60 4′33 ″ 7′30 ″ 16′27 ″ one hundred 85 4′27 ″ 6′27 ″ 13′47 ″ one hundred 98 6′20 ″ 10′10 ″ 19′20 ″ 98 70 5′07 ″ 8′02 ″ 16′31 ″ 99 84

3.7. Rating

The above experiments demonstrate that the use of at least 0.6 mg of transflutrin is particularly convenient in rooms with a volume of 20 m ³ .

4. Determination of the combustion mode (smoldering process) of paper-based evaporators

4.1. Equipment

- Standard laboratory equipment

- Stopwatch

- Cameras with a volume of 1 m ³ or 20 m ³

- Fan (only when tested in a chamber of 20 m ³ )

- Clamping device for fixing samples

- Lighter

- Reception cups

4.2. Performance

Before the start of the study, samples are marked with the exception of confusion.

Samples to be tested are inserted into the clamping device designed for them. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the samples are arranged so that there is no contact with other surfaces, such as the floor or prefabricated cups, which can adversely affect the passage of the test (smoldering of the sample).

The sample is placed in a test chamber (1 m ³ or 20 m ³ ) and positioned so that it can be observed throughout the study. When conducting tests in a 20 m ³ chamber, to improve air circulation, a fan can be used as an option (for placement, see sketch below). The sample is set on fire with a lighter, achieving a visible flame. The flame is immediately blown out so that the sample continues to smolder on its own. At the same time, a stopwatch is switched on, by which the smoldering time of the sample is determined. Throughout the test (smoldering duration), the sample is monitored, and the following should be noted:

- sample smoldering continuity

- does the sample smolder evenly or only in some areas

- do parts of the sample disappear during the test.

The test is repeated at least three times.

4.3. Evaluation of the results

The test results are tabulated and evaluated. At a minimum, the following important parameters must be evaluated and presented in tabular form:

- Duration of the smoldering phase (average value over three measurements)

- Appearance during smoldering

4.4. Appearance Assessment Factors

a = burns out optimally

b = parts decay during smoldering

c = goes out (decay stops)

sF = emits sparks

4.5. Test chambers

a) Test in a chamber with a volume of 1 m ³ (Fig. 2)

o) Test in a chamber with a volume of 20 m ³ (Fig. 3)

5. Production of samples - smoldering evaporators on a paper basis

5.1. Equipment

- Standard laboratory equipment

- Stopwatch

- Ditches from steel V4A (35 × 22 cm)

- Oven (up to 50 ° C)

- Photographic roller mill (gloss)

- Eppendorf pipettes with a capacity of 20-500 μl (including tips)

- Reception ditches for a glossy

5.2. Paper pretreatment

Paper intended for pretreatment is cut into sheets of A4 size and marked with the corresponding design number. A4 paper sheets are accurately weighed (determine net weight). Then make 500 g of a 6% aqueous solution of KNO ₃ . In this case, it is necessary to ensure that deionized water is used to prepare the solution. The finished solution is indicated by the corresponding development number and transferred to a cuvette made of V4A steel with a total capacity of 1 liter. The paper is immersed in a 6% KNO ₃ solution. It is important that the entire sheet of A4 paper is immersed in the solution. After 20 minutes, a sheet of paper is removed from the solution and immediately squeezed on a roller machine to squeeze excess liquid from the paper.

After pressing, the sheet of paper is dried in an oven (at about 50 ° C) until a constant weight is reached and again accurately weighed (gross weight).

The finished sheet of paper that has undergone preliminary processing is cut into 12 × 2 cm sample strips and marked accordingly.

5.3. Impregnation of sample strips

Using a pipette-dispenser, a predetermined volume of the active substance solution is applied to the sample strip. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the entire solution is evenly distributed over the surface. Impregnated sample strips are marked with the corresponding development numbers and hermetically wrapped in aluminum foil. Strips of aluminum foil samples for appropriate tests can be removed no earlier than after 24 hours of exposure. It is important to produce a sufficient amount of [solution] per sample strip so that it is possible to carry out the intended tests, such as: evidence of biological effectiveness and parallel analytical studies. Samples that are used later are stored in the refrigerator.

5.4. Estimation of the amount of KNO ₃

The estimation of the amount of KNO _{3 is} carried out as follows:

- Number of KNO ₃ / A4 sheet

gross paper sheet weight - net paper sheet weight = amount of KNO ₃

- KNO ₃ mass distribution over the surface

The number of KNO ₃ per sheet × 1 m ² / sheet area of A4 size = KNO ₃ / m ²

6. The effectiveness of various active substances

6.1. Test Samples

1.-4. Impregnated paper with various active ingredients

(paper sheet size: 1.8 cm × 15.7 cm = 28.3 cm ² )

1. Transflutrin Amount used: 0.60 mg 2. Metoflutrin Amount used: 0.20 mg 3. Etoc: Amount used: 0.60 mg 4. Pinamin forte Amount used: 4.00 mg 5. Control sample: paper without active ingredient

6.2. Experimental insects:

1. Aedes aegypti, strain BioGenius 04

sensitive, age 3 days, different gender

2. Culex quinquefasciatus, strain BioGenius 05, sensitive, age 3 days, different sex

6.3. Equipment

Wire baskets: length 8.5 cm, ⌀8 cm Plastic glasses: ⌀9.5 cm, height 4.5 cm Tampons: Cellulose Sugar Water: 10% crystalline sugar (Pfeiffer & Langen) in tap water Test Room: 20 m ³ room with equipment, glass cup with holder for spiral, fan

6.4. Environmental conditions

Temperature: 23-25 ° C Relative humidity: 35-57% Shine: electric lighting

6.5. Number of samples

5 pieces of paper

6.6. Experiment

The experiments are carried out in a room having a volume of 20 m ³ (length 2.84 m, width 2.33 m, height 3.03 m), the inner walls and the roof being made of steel (DIN 4571). There are five windows in the room. The floor is covered with unglazed tiles. Three wire baskets (length 8.4 cm, diameter 8.0 cm, mesh size 1.0 mm), in each of which there were 20 experimental insects (age 3-4 days) are distributed in the room in which the experiment is carried out, on height of 1.80 m at points A, B and C in each case at a distance of 0.45 m from the nearest wall (Fig. 1).

The ring is placed in a glass cup, which is placed on a rack in the middle of the room at a height of 0.5 m. The ring is fixed with an ordinary holder and set on fire from one end. Under the cup is a fan (diameter 0.2 m), the blades of which are directed upwards, throughout the experiment it rotates with an intensity of 1 (see details above) (Fig. 4).

The time during which 10%, 50% and 95% of insects die (CT 10, CT 50 and CT 95) is determined. The experimental insects remained indoors for 60 minutes. Why was the final number of insects destroyed determined. All insects are removed from the baskets and transferred to a transparent plastic container that does not contain an insecticide. The glasses are closed with perforated lids and placed in them cellulose swabs soaked in a 10% sugar solution. After the insects have been in this insecticide-free atmosphere for 24 hours, mortality is determined.

The experiments are repeated three to five times.

6.7. results

Table 1 Efficiency of aerosol from impregnated paper for the extermination of Aedes aegypti sensitive in chambers of 20 m ³ Temperature: 23-25 ° C Relative humidity: 35-57% Paper mg of active substance mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% defeat after 1 h,% mortality after 24 hours,% Kt 10 CT 50 CT 95 Active substance transflutrin 4′53 ″ 5′37 ″ 6′40 ″ one hundred one hundred 0.60 3′30 ″ 3′47 ″ 4′28 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′53 ″ 4′28 ″ 5′30 ″ one hundred one hundred 4′05 ″ 4′37 ″ 5′33 ″ one hundred one hundred Active ingredient metoflutrin: 4′35 ″ 5′28 ″ 7′05 ″ one hundred one hundred 0.20 2′58 ″ 3′48 ″ 5′03 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′47 ″ 4′43 ″ 5′58 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′47 ″ 4′40 ″ 6′02 ″ one hundred one hundred Active substance Etoc: 5′50 ″ 7′23 ″ 10′33 ″ one hundred 97 0.60 5′27 ″ 7′33 ″ 9′13 ″ one hundred 98 4′30 ″ 5′15 ″ 5′55 ″ one hundred 97 5′16 ″ 6′44 ″ 8′34 ″ one hundred 97 Active ingredient pinamin forte 4′10 ″ 5′15 ″ 7′00 ″ one hundred one hundred 4.00 3′00 ″ 3′37 ″ 4′30 ″ one hundred one hundred 2′50 ″ 3′58 ″ 4′37 ″ one hundred one hundred 3′20 ″ 4′17 ″ 5′22 ″ one hundred one hundred Control sample: paper without active ingredient - - - 0 twenty - - - 0 twenty --- - - - 0 twenty --- --- --- 0 twenty

table 2 Efficiency of aerosol from impregnated paper for the extermination of Culex quinquefasciatus sensitive in chambers of 20 m ³ Temperature: 23-25 ° C Relative humidity: 35-57% Paper mg of active substance mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% defeat after 1 h,% mortality after 24 hours,% Active substance transflutrin 5′43 ″ 6′53 ″ 10′00 ″ one hundred one hundred 4′37 ″ 4′57 ″ 5′30 ″ one hundred one hundred 0.60 7′10 ″ 10′27 17′33 ″ 97 one hundred ″ 5′50 ″ 7′26 ″ 11′01 ″ 99 one hundred Active ingredient metoflutrin: 8′20 ″ 10′37 14′′10 ″ 97 60 4′50 ″ ″ 9′40 ″ one hundred 98 0.20 6′30 ″ 5′50 ″ 10′23 ″ one hundred 95 7′33 ″ 6′33 ″ 8′00 ″ 11′24 '″ 99 84 Active substance Etoc: 10′43 9′07 ″ 14′00 ″ 95 thirty 11′53 ″ 16′07 29′00 ″ 92 40 0.60 6′33 ″ 14'27 ″ 97 35 8'50 ″ 9′11 ″ 11′53 ″ 19′09 ″ 95 35 Active ingredient pinamin forte 5′22 ″ 6′07 ″ 8′13 ″ one hundred fifteen 4.00 6′33 ″ 7′27 ″ 10′57 ″ 98 thirty 5′13 ″ 6′13 ″ 9′10 ″ 95 twenty 5′43 ″ 6′36 ″ 9′27 ″ 98 22 Control sample: paper without active ingredient --- - - 0 0 --- - - 0 0 --- --- - - 0 0 --- --- --- 0 0

6.8. results

With the extermination of Aedes aegypti, all samples of impregnated paper (0.6 mg transflutrin, 0.2 mg metoflutrin, 0.6 mg Etoc or 4.0 mg pinamine forte) showed a quick damaging effect in the following sequence:

Lesion Time 95% pinamin forte 5 minutes, 22 seconds transflutrin 5 minutes, 33 seconds metoflutrin: 6 minutes, 02 seconds Etoc: 8 minutes, 34 seconds

All samples provided a high mortality rate (pinamin forte, transfluthrin and metoflutrin - 100% mortality, Etoc - 97% mortality).

When exterminating Culex quinquefasciatus, all samples of impregnated paper (0.6 mg transfluthrin, 0.2 mg metoflutrin, 0.6 mg Etoc, or 4.0 mg pinamine forte) showed a quick damaging effect in the following sequence:

Lesion Time 95% pinamin forte 09 minutes, 27 seconds transflutrin 11 minutes, 01 seconds metoflutrin: 11 minutes, 24 seconds Etoc: 19 minutes, 09 seconds

Products show significant differences in mortality rates when fighting Culex mosquitoes. Mortality in 100% is ensured only by transfluthrin, followed by metoflutrin (84%), Etoc (35%) and pinamin forte (22%).

7. The cultivation conditions of the used insect species

7.1. Culex quinquefasciatus

Insects are kept in cells (48 × 48 × 39 cm) with gauze inserts on the sides and in the roof. Lighting (day / night rhythm) is regulated using a timer (12 hours of light, 12 hours of darkness), maintain a temperature of 26 ° C ± 1 ° C and a relative humidity of 60% ± 10%. To receive the liquid, a cotton ball soaked in a 10% glucose solution is placed in a box. Twice a week they give artificial blood nutrition. Cattle blood mixed with an anticoagulant is heated with a magnetic stirrer to 40 ° C. About 50 ml of this blood is introduced into a piece of porcine intestine, and then placed in a cage. This allows mosquitoes to suck blood. For laying eggs, a cup (diameter 10 cm) is placed in the cage, filled with tap water up to a height of 2 cm. The laid eggs are transferred to a plastic cuvette (25 × 37 cm), which is filled with 5 liters of demineralized water and stands on a heating mat for terrariums. Once a day, mosquito larvae are fed with the usual dry food for ornamental fish, which is commercially available (for example, Vita ^® ). After about 6 days, the stage of pupae sets in. To hatch mosquitoes, pupae with a small amount of water are transferred to a 10-liter plastic bucket. Hatching mosquitoes are caught for testing or for further breeding.

7.2. Aedes aegypti

Insects are kept in cells (48 × 48 × 39 cm) with gauze inserts on the sides and in the roof. Lighting (day / night rhythm) is regulated using a timer (12 hours of light, 12 hours of darkness), maintain a temperature of 26 ° C ± 1 ° C and a relative humidity of 60% ± 10%. To receive the liquid, a cotton ball soaked in a 10% glucose solution is placed in a box. Once a week they give artificial blood nutrition. Cattle blood mixed with an anticoagulant is heated with a magnetic stirrer to 40 ° C. About 50 ml of this blood is injected into a piece of porcine intestine, and then placed in a cage. This allows mosquitoes to suck blood. For laying eggs in cups (250 ml), half filled with tap water, put rolls of filter paper 10 cm high. After laying, these rolls are stored in plastic buckets. To prevent the cores from drying out, a wet 3 cm high layer of cellulose is pre-laid on the bottom. To hatch the larvae, approximately half of the filter paper, after storage for 2-4 weeks, is immersed in a plastic cuvette (25 x 37 cm) filled with 5 liters of demineralized water and standing on a heating mat for terrariums. Once a day, mosquito larvae are fed with the usual dry food for ornamental fish, which is commercially available (for example, Vita®). After about 4-5 days, the stage of pupae sets in. To hatch mosquitoes, pupae with a small amount of water are transferred to a 10-liter plastic bucket. Hatching mosquitoes are caught for testing or for further breeding.

8. Comparison of the effectiveness of aerosol and paper media according to the invention

8.1. Materials

Experimental insects: 1. Aedes aegypti, strain BioGenius 04 vulnerable, age 3 days, different sex

2. Culex quinquefasciatus, strain BioGenius 05, vulnerable, age 3 days, different sex

8.2. Equipment

Wire baskets: ⌀8 cm, height 4.5 cm Plastic glasses: ⌀9.5 cm, height 4.5 cm Tampons: Cellulose Sugar Water: 10% crystalline sugar (Pfeiffer & Langen) in tap water

8.3. Environmental conditions

Temperature: 21 ° C Relative humidity: 40-56% Shine: electric lighting

8.4. Insect control

transflutrin 0.5 / 0.25 / 0.1 / 0.05 / 0.025 / 0.01 of the active substance per m ³

8.5. Performance

Three baskets (length 8.5 cm, diameter 8) are placed in the upper parts of glass test chambers with a steel bottom, the dimensions of which (internal) are 0.84 m × 0.87 m × 1.37 m (means volume 1 m ³ ) cm) containing 20 experimental insects (age 3-4 days).

A certain amount of active active substance is dissolved in 2 cm ^{3 of} acetone and sprayed to the bottom of the chamber.

The time during which 10%, 50% and 95% of insects die (CT 10, CT 50 and CT 95) is determined. The experimental insects remained in the chambers for 60 minutes. Then, the final number of insects killed was determined. All insects are removed from the baskets and transferred to a transparent plastic container that does not contain an insecticide. The glasses are closed with perforated lids and placed in them cellulose swabs soaked in a 10% sugar solution. After the insects have been in this insecticide-free atmosphere for 24 hours, mortality is determined.

8.6. results

The effectiveness of the aerosol in the destruction of yellow fever-causing mosquitoes Aedes aegypti strain BioGenius 04, sensitive, in chambers of 1 m ³

Product mg of active substance per m ³ mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% mortality after 1 hour,% mortality after 24 hours,% Kt 10 CT 50 CT 95 transflutrin 0,500 38 ″ 51 ″ 1′08 ″ one hundred one hundred 0.250 43 ″ 1′01 ″ 1′16 ″ one hundred one hundred 0,100 51 ″ 1′21 ″ 2′04 ″ one hundred one hundred 0,050 1′07 ″ 1′49 ″ 3′27 ″ one hundred one hundred 0,025 1′31 ″ 2′15 ″ 7′15 ″ one hundred 89 0.010 2′26 ″ > 10′44 ″ - 69 71

The effectiveness of the aerosol in the destruction of yellow fever-causing mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus strain BioGenius 05, sensitive, in chambers of 1 m ³

Product mg of active substance per m ³ mortality (Knock down) after minutes (′) and seconds (″),% mortality after 1 hour,% mortality after 24 hours,% CT 10 CT 50 CT 95 transflutrin 0,500 1′37 ″ 2′08 ″ 4′09 ″ one hundred one hundred 0.250 1′47 ″ 2′22 ″ 5′02 ″ one hundred one hundred 0,100 2′11 ″ 3′23 ″ 10′44 ″ one hundred one hundred 0,050 15′16 ″ 37′59 ″ - fifty 80 0,025 14′49 ″ - - 33 53 0.010 - - - one fifty

From the comparison it can be seen that in the general case, it is necessary to use 0.1 mg / m ^{3 of} transfluthrin per application of aerosol, while using the devices according to the invention it is possible to achieve efficiency even at a concentration of 0.03 mg / m ³ .

Claims (6)

1. An insect control device, comprising a smoldering carrier, characterized in that the carrier is provided with at least one insecticidal active substance selected from the group consisting of pralletrin, esbiotrin, d-allethrin, d-cis-trans-allethrin, d -trans-allethrin, pyrethrum, bio-allethrin and S-bio-allethrin, and wherein the smoldering carrier is a smoldering paper carrier having a paper weight of 25 to 300 g / m ² . 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the insecticidal active substance is microencapsulated. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the thickness of the paper medium is from 0.1 to 0.5 mm. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of the active substance is from 0.01 to 100.0 mg / 24 cm ² of paper, preferably from 0.05 to 80.0 mg / 24 cm ² , more preferably from 0.1 to 60.0 mg / 24 cm ² of paper area. 5. The device according to one of paragraphs. from 1 to 4, characterized in that the paper carrier contains potassium nitrate in an amount of from 5 to 50 g / cm ² . 6. A method of manufacturing a device according to one of paragraphs. from 1 to 5, characterized in that the paper carrier containing insecticides is made by impregnation, in particular by spraying the carrier with an insecticide solution and subsequent drying, by immersing the carrier in an insecticide solution and subsequent drying, by means of a pipette impregnation, ink spraying method or screen printing method .

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