RU2583393C2 - Flat glass and method for production thereof and lcd display and solar photovoltaic devices - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to silicate glass for making residential buildings and industrial facilities. This invention provides flat glass containing: B₂O₃ 0-3.9 wt%, Na₂O - 0.01-14 wt%, Fe₂O₃ - 0.01-5 wt%, F₂O - 0 wt%, MgO 7-22.2 wt%, Al₂O₃ - 0.01-39 wt%, content of SiO₂ is 1.9-4.1 times more than content of CaO, content of CaO is 1.0-1.8 times more than content of MgO. Lower limit of temperature of annealing of said glass is 550-710 °C; varying thickness of glass is less than 0.3 mm, coefficient of water absorption - in range from 0 to 0.3 %, its bending strength reaches 50-180 MPa.

EFFECT: technical result is increased strength of glass.

7 cl, 3 tbl, 3 dwg, 7 ex

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a technical solution in relation to the required specified within certain limits of the content of Na ₂ O, Fe ₂ O ₃ , Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , CaO, MgO or TiO ₂ and BaO, as well as a predetermined specific ratio between the content of SiO ₂ , CaO and MgO, it overcomes various traditional technical prejudices regarding the need to use sodium or boron compounds in the composition for fluxing. The key point is to use the technical solution of the present invention to change the ratio between the content of silicon, calcium and magnesium components, as well as the technical solution of the present invention to abandon the use of raw sodium or boron components, in the appearance of the expected new properties of increasing the annealing point and the fluxing function or formation eutectic high Al ₂ O _3, wherein the strength of the product increases in 1-3 times, and also by energy conservation, environmental impact in the absence of n tri-or boron-containing emissions and a high level of quality control, this invention allows to increase production efficiency by 10-30 times, also creates new product properties and new applications and functions, is a flat glass and its manufacturing method, as well as a liquid crystal display from this glass, a glass substrate and a cover glass of a solar photovoltaic device.

The present technical invention is an invention introducing changes in the ratio of technological elements of silicon, calcium and magnesium, compares the ratios of these several technological elements in all existing flat glasses, is the invention of choosing a narrow range of the ratio of the boundary values of the content of silicon, calcium and magnesium, as well as the invention of rejection the use of traditional sodium and boron-containing flux components and the invention of a new range of choice of ratios of other elements, according to It indicates the card new characteristics of the product and creates a variety of unexpected technological effects in a variety of new applications of flat glass.

State of the art

Flat glasses made using float technology, horizontal stretching technology, Glaverbel technology, rolling technology, and overflow technology are used in modern architecture and industry, for example, (1) glass for doors, windows and walls of buildings, (2) glass for cars and ships, (3) glass for high-speed railways, (4) glass for liquid crystal displays (LCD), (5) glass for plasma displays (PDP), (6) glass for TFT and smartphone displays and high-strength glass for iPad, ( 7) technological glass and .d., have serious disadvantages in the formulation process for their manufacture, there is a kind of technical prejudice widespread use of the components Na ₂ O and B ₂ O ₃ SiO ₂ to melt, in the conventional technique in the casting process and there exists a technical prejudice restrictions on the eutectic components consisting of the constant components of silicon, calcium, magnesium and aluminum, and in addition about 13% Na ₂ O, or about 8-15% B ₂ O _3, however, the viscosity is still high, the actuator m to more fears of adding a large amount of Al ₂ O ₃ to increase the strength and the annealing point because in this case, it becomes impossible to control the quality and performance of products manufactured at a higher viscosity and temperature. In addition, the energy-saving effect and strength are deteriorating, especially due to the sublimation of a large amount of boron, the entire existing production of non-alkaline borosilicate glass has serious environmental problems.

(1) Existing technologies for the production of alkali-free borosilicate glass, especially alkali-free glass for liquid crystal displays such as US 2002/0011080 A1, in the technical solution of the composition, in its patented formula, the SiO ₂ content reaches 40-70%, in real examples of production of this kind of borosilicate glass the proportion of silicon is 60-70% or more, the content of B ₂ O _{3 is} 5-20%, and in real application, the content of B ₂ O ₃ in the final product is 8% -15%. To achieve the result of fluxing, it mainly uses boron oxide instead of Na ₂ O, and if the boron content exceeds 8%, then it is necessary to add 2-3 times more in the feed, for example, if the boron content in the glass is 10%, it is necessary in the feed add 25-30% B ₂ O ₃ (because most at high temperature will turn into volatile toxic gases). The first of its technological disadvantages is too high a silicon content, which makes melting very difficult; its second technological drawback is the serious damage to the environment; its third technological drawback is that when the boron content reaches 5-20%, severe corrosion of the melting bath occurs in real production. Therefore, now all melting baths used in the production of borosilicate glass for TFT liquid crystal displays need to be cold-repaired at least once a year, as a result of which serious problems arise regarding production efficiency and cost. Especially in the production process of borosilicate glass for flat panel liquid crystal displays, when the boron content is too high, under conditions of the same Al ₂ O ₃ content, the strength will be reduced by 2 times; in addition, in the production of all existing glasses for liquid crystal displays, because of the too high boron content, only the overflow method can be used, its productivity is only 6-10 tons / day, which is less than 5% of the productivity using the fleet technology (if its minimum productivity is 150 tons / day). In addition, the cost of equipment for a production line using overflow technology with a capacity of 6-10 tons / day is 2-3 times higher than the cost of equipment for a production line using float technology. Therefore, in the production of glass for liquid crystal displays, the issues of cost reduction, a significant increase in productivity, the possibility of cold repair of the furnace using float technology every 10 years, as well as reducing viscosity and energy consumption have become difficult production tasks that experts really want to solve.

(2) For existing soda-lime flat glasses, such as [1] glass for doors, windows, walls of buildings, [2] glass for cars and ships, [3] glass for high-speed railways, [4] glass for plasma displays (PDP), [5] technological glass, etc., due to limited knowledge of the composition of the melt during melting, homogenization, and the release of bubbles, the viscosity and temperature are higher than in this invention by 150 ° C-200 ° C, energy consumption of production is large, energy consumption per kilogram reaches 1500 kcal and higher.

(3) In the applications of glass for automobiles, glass for high-speed railroad cars, the bending and impact strength of modern industrial glass products cannot meet the high requirements, for example, insufficient glass strength for automobiles reduces safety, glass for ships often breaks due to shock waves, a particularly large difference in the level of impact requirements for glass for automobiles.

(4) Since the bending strength of existing industrial glasses is low (usually about 50 MPa, and some do not even reach 50 MPa), and the impact resistance is even worse, therefore, for the manufacture of glasses for front and side glazing of aircraft, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the glass, which will increase the weight glass, affects the weight of the aircraft and clarity of view.

(5) In architectural applications, due to limitations arising from the low annealing point and glass strength, their field of use is also significantly limited, so there is also a need for improvement in terms of lightness, thinness, high strength and energy saving.

(6) With existing technologies for the manufacture of fire-resistant glass or quick-heating glass for hobs, glass for ovens or microwave ovens, as well as glass for a kitchen or glass top of a dining table for existing lime-sodium glasses, there is no uniform linear dependence of increasing and decreasing expansion coefficient, change the viscoelasticity is large, the glass easily breaks, so it has drawbacks for these applications.

(7) In addition, in the existing patent application “Glass-ceramic with a surface texture of natural marble and a method for its production” with open number CN 1053047 A, the inevitable shortcomings of a product are determined by the technology of its manufacture, and not by its composition.

1. The technology is that small pieces of the frit are collected in a tank, ....... crystals from the surface of the glass fall into the inner part, the frits are fused with each other, the size of the frits is controlled ......., the effect of the texture of marble or granite is obtained. In this document, in the description of crystallization technological processes, a large number of mold matrices is also mentioned; obviously, the technology for the production of colored patterned glass ceramics by crystallization of the melt of glued particles is applied here.

The color patterns and opaque properties of the product are clearly determined not by the composition of the raw material, but the surface and the inner part of each glass particle added in accordance with the technological process described in the application determine crystallinity, color and pattern, so crystals grow on each particle outside and inside. completely opaque, and it is completely impossible to achieve good quality products with a light transmittance of 65-95%, and these obstacles must be overcome.

The content of the invention

In connection with the foregoing existing technological shortcomings, the author of this invention, based on many years of practical experience in the development and production and special knowledge, actively conducts research and innovations in order to overcome existing technological shortcomings, after solving complex production and technological problems, he offers a practical innovative technical solution to the novelty of the composition in production using float technology, or horizontal stretch technology of overflow, or overflow technology, or Glaverbel technology, or rolling technology with a certain necessary content of Al ₂ O ₃ , as well as Na ₂ O, Fe ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, and TiO ₂ lying in a given special range , BaO and with certain special relations between the components of SiO ₂ , CaO, and MgO, and also allows to overcome technological prejudices regarding the components of various traditional fluxing compositions and the need to use sodium or boron in the composition to improve solubilization, and unexpected properties arise high point annealing of flat glass, solubilization or eutectic properties, 1.3 times increase in product strength, environmental friendliness, reduction in energy consumption and emissions, and other technological effects.

The first example implementation of the present invention is a flat glass, characterized in that this glass contains components of SiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, Al ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , Na ₂ O, in this glass the content of B ₂ O ₃ 0-3 , 9 wt.%, Na ₂ O content of 0.01-14 wt.%, Fe ₂ O ₃ content of 0.01-5 wt.%, Fluorine oxide content of 0-2.8 wt.%, MgO content of 8.1 -22.2 wt.%, The content of Al ₂ O ₃ 0.01-39 wt.%, The content of SiO ₂ in the 1.9-4.1 times the content of calcium oxide, the content of CaO in 1.2-1.6 times more MgO content; the lower limit of the annealing temperature of a given glass (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak) 550-710 ° C; the difference in glass thickness is less than 0.3 mm, the coefficient of water absorption lies in the range from 0 to 0.3%, its bending strength is 50-180 Mra.

MgO - 7-20 мас.%,

CaO в 1,0-1,8 раз больше MgO

SiO₂ в 2,6-5,6 раз больше MgO,

SiO₂ в 2,2-3,8 раз больше CaO,

Al₂O₃ 0,1-30 мас.%,

Na₂O 0-18 мас.%,

ВаО 0-5 мас.%; (2). температура точки деформации изделия лежит в диапазоне 560-720°C; (3) коэффициент водопоглощения лежит в диапазоне 0-0.001 мас.%; (4). общее массовое процентное содержание трех компонентов MgO, CaO, SiO₂ достигает 51-100 мас.%.A first embodiment of the present invention is flat glass in which (1). the mass percentage of components is:

MgO - 7-20 wt.%,

CaO 1.0-1.8 times more MgO

SiO ₂ is 2.6-5.6 times more MgO,

SiO ₂ 2.2-3.8 times more CaO,

Al ₂ O ₃ 0.1-30 wt.%,

Na ₂ O 0-18 wt.%,

BaO 0-5 wt.%; (2). the temperature of the deformation point of the product lies in the range of 560-720 ° C; (3) the coefficient of water absorption lies in the range 0-0.001 wt.%; (four). the total mass percentage of the three components MgO, CaO, SiO ₂ reaches 51-100 wt.%.

In the first embodiment of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the mass percentage of CaO in the products is 1.15-1.8 times greater than MgO.

In the first embodiment of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the mass percentage of CaO in the product is 1.0-1.6 times greater than MgO, and best of all, 1.2-1.5 times.

In a first embodiment of the present invention, the curvature of the flat glass at a distance within 20 ram is 0-0.03 mm.

In a first embodiment of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the mass percentage of Na ₂ O is 0.01-0.99 wt.%.

In a first embodiment of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the mass percentage of Na ₂ O is 0.01-2 wt.%.

In a first embodiment of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the mass percentage of Na ₂ O is 2-8 wt.%.

In the first example of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the mass percentage of Na ₂ O is 2-14 wt.%.

In a first embodiment of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the mass percentage of Al ₂ O ₃ is 10-19 wt.%.

In a first embodiment of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the thickness of the glass is 0.3-1.8 mm.

In a first embodiment of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the thickness of the glass is 1.8-5 mm.

In a first embodiment of the present invention in the form of a flat glass, the thickness of this glass is 5-20 mm.

The second example of implementation of the present invention is a method of manufacturing the above flat glass, characterized in that: step 1 — according to any of the formulations of the first example, the raw materials are taken in the specified quantities in the specified range of necessary quantities of Na ₂ O, Fe ₂ O ₃ , Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO _2, MgO or TiO ₂ component, BaO and with particular predetermined ratio between the components of SiO _2, CaO and MgO, is carried out after mixing the melting at the melting temperature corresponding to the formulation of manufacturing different glasses, glass melt is formed at a predetermined vyazkos Strongly which is then homogenizes, brightens, produces bubbles, whereupon a flowable melt; step 2 - using any of the technologies, such as float technology, horizontal stretching technology, Graverbel technology, rolling technology, and overflow technology, glass is molded.

According to the methodology of the second embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned step 1 includes: prepared various types of raw materials are each placed in their own container for raw materials, various types of raw materials pass through a conveyor line for supplying raw materials, after weighing according to the desired ratio they are sent to the mixing device raw materials, after mixing, they are fed into a large pipe for feeding the mixture or into the hopper; the raw materials are placed in a melting bath, melting is carried out at an appropriate melting temperature, a glass melt is formed with a given viscosity, which is then homogenized, brightens, releases bubbles, and a flowing melt is formed; in step 2, the float technology is used, in this technology, you also need to prepare a tin bath, after step 1, at the end of the melting bath, a fluid molten liquid flows into the tin furnace and is cast, polished, drawn, machine stretched the edge in a given direction, pulled out of the bath with molten tin and after a gradual decrease in temperature, annealing, cooling and cutting, the aforementioned glass can be obtained.

According to the method of the second example implementation of the present invention, the mass percentage of Al ₂ O ₃ in this glass is less than or equal to 30 wt.%, With a glass viscosity of 10 ^0..5 (Pa · s), temperature 1480 ° C-1640 ° C; at a viscosity of 10 ¹ (Pa · s), a temperature of 1410 ° C-1600 ° C; at a viscosity of glass of 10 ² (Pa · s), a temperature of 1180 ° C-1340 ° C; at a glass viscosity of 10 ³ (Pa · s), a temperature of 1040 ° C-1220 ° C; the difference in thickness is less than 0.3 mm; transmittance of visible light in this glass lies in the range of 40-95%; the coefficient of water absorption of the glass lies in the range of 0-0.3%; lower limit of glass annealing temperature 550-710 ° С; bending strength 50-180 MPa; the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass at 150-300 ° C is 1.0-3.0 ppm; the difference in values at 550-600 ° C is 1.0-2.8 ppm.

A third embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display consisting of: a matrix substrate, this matrix substrate is a substrate and a pixel structure deposited thereon, the substrate is a glass plate of flat glass made by any of the methods described in the first embodiment; color filter substrates, this color filter substrate includes a substrate and a color filter layer deposited thereon, the substrate is a flat glass glass plate made by any of the methods described in the first embodiment; a liquid crystal layer located between the matrix substrate and the color filter substrate; as well as backlight systems.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention is a solar photovoltaic device, this solar photovoltaic device includes a solar battery and a glass substrate or a cover plate made of flat glass by any of the methods described in the above examples.

Description of the attached drawings

Figure 1. Schematic view of a flat glass product of the present invention.

Figure 2. Schematic of the molding process by float technology in the manufacture of flat glass of the present invention.

Figure 3. A cross-sectional diagram of a flat glass molding of the present invention according to the float technology.

Description of marks in figures

1: flat glass

2: Hopper feed hole

3: Hopper

4: Proportionally blended raw materials

5: Raw material feed hole

6: Bathroom melting furnace

7: outlet trough

8: Tin bath

9: roller conveyor

10: Annealing furnace

11: Cutting platform

12: Housing of the float process production line.

Specific implementation methods

The following is a detailed description of examples of implementation of the present invention (in this manual, except as specifically indicated, the content of various components in the glass is given in mass percent).

First implementation example

The first example implementation of the present invention is a flat glass, this glass contains components of SiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, Al ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , Na ₂ O, the mass percentage of B ₂ O ₃ in this glass is 0-3.9 wt.%, the content of Na ₂ O 0,01-14 wt.%, the content of Fe ₂ O ₃ 0,01-5 wt.%, the content of fluorine oxide 0-2.8 wt.%, the content of MgO 8.1-22 , 2 wt.%, The content of Al ₂ O ₃ 0,01-39 wt.%, The content of SiO ₂ in the 1.9-4.1 times the content of calcium oxide, the content of CaO 1.2-1.6 times the content MgO; the lower limit of the annealing temperature of this glass (that is, the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak) 550-710 ° C; the difference in glass thickness is less than 0.3 mm, and its water absorption coefficient lies in the range from 0 to 0.3%, its bending strength is 50-180 MPa.

And all existing technical flat glass, for example, soda-lime glass, plasma for plasma displays (PDP), non-alkaline borosilicate glass for liquid crystal displays have 3-5 or 4-5 differences compared with the technical parameters of the present invention (see table 1, table 2, table 3).

Viscosity characteristics

In embodiments of the present invention, the viscosity is measured with a TNTA American high-temperature rotational viscometer.

According to the examples in table 1, table 2, table 3, based on a comparison of several basic values of viscosity (when the content of Al ₂ O ₃ below 28%):

(one). Melting point: according to an example implementation of the present invention, when the viscosity of a flat glass is 10 ^0.5 (Pa · s), the temperature is 1540 ° C-1620 ° C; at a viscosity of 10 ¹ (Pa · s), the temperature is 1450 ° C-1520 ° C.

Glass PDC and TFT glass panel manufacturing company, in the patent application “Glass plates and methods for their production and method for manufacturing TFT panels” under number 2008801044692 (published number CN 101784494 A) and in real products of non-alkaline borosilicate glass for liquid crystal displays melting point at a viscosity of 10 ⁵ (Pa · s) and 10 ¹ (Pa · s) is much higher than 1650-1700 ° C, therefore, measurements cannot be made using an American rotational high-temperature viscometer TNTA; especially in ordinary soda-lime glass (Al ₂ O ₃ content _of 1%), when a viscosity of 10 ^1.5 (Pa · s) can be measured, the melting point is 1580 ° C. The description section on page 14 indicates that at a viscosity of 10 ² (Pa · s), a sufficiently good temperature of 1690 ° C, even better - 1670 ° C. These are the basic viscosity values of all modern glasses for liquid crystal displays, their melting point is not only higher than the temperature at a viscosity of 10 ^0.5 (Pa · s) or 10 ¹ (Pa · s) for the present invention, but also with a difference of several hundred degrees and even greater viscosity in the process of clarification, the release of bubbles with a viscosity of 10 ² (Pa · s), 1230 ° C-1300 ° C in any example of the implementation of the present invention, when Al ₂ O ₃ is within 28%, and the temperature for the above non-alkaline borosilicate low-tech glass is 1380-1400 ° C, to In addition, the temperature of non-alkaline borosilicate glass with a high boron content (above 1600 ° C) is completely impossible to measure using measuring equipment, for PDP glass, according to the above, the optimal range is 1690-1670 ° C.

Starting from a temperature at a molding viscosity of 10 ³ (Pa · s), in each embodiment of the present invention, when the Al ₂ O ₃ content is within 28%, the temperature is 1090-1160 ° C, and for the existing soda-lime glass 1210 -1250 ° C, and for non-alkaline borosilicate glass and glass for PDP reaches 1380-1420 ° C. Because in the present invention, the viscosity characteristics are much better, therefore, throughout the industry they know that, compared with the existing production technology, it is possible to control even smaller bubbles, even smaller crumbs, smaller irregularities, which will provide even better quality, better yield and allow to produce thinner, high-quality glass for liquid crystal displays, for example, 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.2 mm thick.

Strength characteristics

In the present invention, especially due to the possibility of increasing the Al ₂ O ₃ content to 19-28%, the strength can reach 140-160 MPa or 180 MPa, which is 2-3 times higher than the strength of various glasses made by existing technology, in addition because viscosity-temperature characteristic in comparison with the existing technology with an Al ₂ O ₃ content _of only 1-25%, lower by 150-250 ° C, then if the technical solution of the present invention gives a viscosity of non-alkaline borosilicate glass, respectively, there is also an equivalent increase in Al ₂ O ₃ up to 29-39% space for melting viscosity and sufficiently large possibilities for increasing strength. The bending strength in this description and in the implementation examples of the present invention is measured by cutting samples into pieces of size 50 mm × 50 mm × 5 mm using a device for measuring bending strength according to the standard GB / T3810.4-2006.

In non-alkaline borosilicate glass products manufactured using the existing technology, due to the sublimation of B ₂ O ₃ , unevenness of the ingredients occurs, causing damage to the mesh structure of materials with the participation of Al ₂ O ₃ , which significantly affects the strength.

This is an important reason for the relatively low strength of non-alkaline borosilicate glass with an Al ₂ O ₃ content _of 7-15%.

The above are also the essence of the advantages of the technological solution of the present invention, which helps to increase strength without the use of boron.

The expansion coefficient in the present invention is completely linear, changes in various temperature areas are minimal.

Glass expansion coefficients in embodiments of the present invention are measured according to GB / T7320.1-2000.

(one). Traditional technological prejudices mainly consist of adding an Al ₂ O ₃ component to increase the deformation temperature (the deformation temperature is the lower limit of the annealing temperature during glass forming), and the goal is to increase the deformation temperature to 550-600 ° C or to 600-650 ° C or higher 650 ° C is that at a sufficiently high temperature, with sudden heating or cooling of the product, excessive deformation or cracks do not occur. But the technical solution of the present invention provides better linearity of the expansion coefficient, very small jumps in the viscoelasticity of the glass are formed, namely, the difference in the values of the coefficient of thermal expansion at 150-300 ° C at two ends of the glass is 1.0-3.0 ppm; at 550-600 ° C the difference in the values of the coefficient of thermal expansion at the two ends of the glass is 1.0-2.8 ppm; for non-alkaline glass, the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion at two ends of the glass at 600-650 ° C is 1.0-3.0 ppm. In terms of displays, this is 5-16 times better compared to glass for plasma displays (PDP) or glass for liquid crystal TFT displays, for which at 550-600 ° C the difference in thermal expansion coefficient at the two ends of the glass is 16 ppm, and 7-20 times better compared to soda-lime glass for liquid crystal displays, for which at 550-600 ° C the difference in thermal expansion coefficient at the two ends of the glass is 20 ppm.

In addition, for refractory glasses, glass for stoves, glass for microwave ovens, glass for liquid crystal displays, glass for plasma displays (PDP), glass for TFT and other products there is a very wide range of technology options with the addition of a large amount of Al ₂ O ₃ or without the addition of Al ₂ O ₃ . When used in a technological, industrial, household or construction field with a sharp increase or decrease in temperature, compared with existing glasses, there are great advantages of less deformation, stability without sharp changes, extremely difficult cracking, a sharp decrease in viscoelasticity with a sharp increase or decrease in temperature.

Relative advantages compared to a liquid crystal glass substrate for TFT-LCD: the present invention, due to the ability to control the difference in the values of the expansion coefficient at the two ends in the range of 1.0-3.0 ppm during sintering under sharp heating in the main temperature ranges of sintering at rapid heating, for example, 150-300 ° C or 550-600 ° C and 600-650 ° C, in fact creates materials with new functions, goes to a higher level, in addition, in the entire electronic industry they understand that it will become beam technology to create the world's newest, most advanced LCDs with greater clarity with a non-alkaline borosilicate glass substrate, the resolution of which exceeds all available LCDs by more than ten pixels, and also to produce displays of a larger, but smaller thickness (for example, thickness 0.2-0.5 mm) lighter in weight and with a higher resolution, and forms a new example of the quality of technology for the production of mobile phones with LCDs, televisions, portable TVs moat, laptop computers, tablet computers, tablet LCD televisions with more clarity and resolution.

Primary features of energy saving and environmental friendliness:

Due to the fact that the viscosity-temperature characteristic of the melt is 200-300 ° C lower than for existing technologies, as well as Since the main energy consumption is in the high-temperature zone, it becomes possible to save 30-40% of energy, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 30-40%.

The cost of equipment, the cost of cold repair, as well as other unnecessary costs arising from existing technology are reduced.

Due to a significant decrease in the melting point, corrosion of refractory materials will also significantly decrease, which will significantly extend the life of the furnace, significantly reduce the time of cold repair, which greatly affects productivity. For example, in the production of non-alkaline borosilicate glass, especially liquid crystal glass for TFT, cold repair is required every 8-10 months, for which it is necessary to stop production for 2-3 months, in addition, the refractory materials used are materials with a high content of zirconium, then only there is an increase in the cost of materials by 3-4 times, but an annual replacement is also required. The service life of the melting bath for the manufacture of examples of implementation of the present invention is longer than the service life of the melting bath for the manufacture of non-alkaline borosilicate glass, the viscosity of the glass in the examples of implementation of the present invention is lower than the viscosity of the soda-lime glass made by float technology, and it can do not contain boron, so the furnace can be used for at least 10 years without cold repair.

Therefore, in the patent literature on various PDP plasma glasses and TFT liquid crystal glasses, as well as in real technologies, the introduction of technological methods for oxygen purging, blowing out bubbles, adding a shallow bath, etc., which increases costs and reduces efficiency, and TFT glass uses expensive platinum for the manufacture of a channel for ejecting bubbles, which significantly increases the temperature, for a small furnace with a capacity of 6-7 tons per day, the cost of a channel from platinum reaches about 300-500 million yuan, if the daily production capacity reaches 150 tons, the cost of the platinum channel is nearly 10 billion yuan, high cost and low productivity are quite obvious.

Water absorption coefficient

The water absorption coefficient of glass in embodiments of the present invention is measured according to the standard GB / T3810.3-2006.

The coefficient of water absorption of glass products in the examples of implementation of the present invention lies in the range of 0-0.3%.

In addition, in examples of implementation of the present invention in the form of glass for LCD, PDP, TFT, these glasses have good transparency and water resistance.

Thickness difference (measured according to GB / T1216).

In embodiments of the present invention, the thickness difference of this glass is less than 0.3 mm.

In addition, according to examples of implementation of the present invention, it is possible to produce glass with transparency that meets the requirements of transparency in various fields, the transmittance of visible light of this glass is 40-95% (measurement according to standard GB / T2680).

For a more detailed description of technical solutions in the examples of implementation of the present invention, the following tables list the technical solutions of flat glass samples for examples of the implementation of the present invention, as well as its corresponding characteristics.

Table 1 shows:

In examples of implementation of the present invention, samples with a B ₂ O ₃ content in this glass of 0-3.9%, Fe ₂ O ₃ - 0.01-5%, TiO ₂ - 0.0003-4.95%, BaO - 0, 01-14% 0%, Na ₂ O - 0.01-8.8% and with a MgO content of 8.1-22.2%, as well as with a SiO ₂ content of 1.9-4.1 times more CaO, CaO content is 1.2-1.6 times higher than MgO, primarily in relation to viscosity at 150-400 ° С better than all existing technologies with a melting viscosity of 10 ^0.5 (Pa · s), 10 ¹ (Pa · s) and the viscosity of the release of bubbles , clarification and homogenization of 10 ² (Pa · s) (see comparative tables 2 and 3). In addition, the difference in the values of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion at the two ends of the glass at 150-300 ° С, 550-600 ° С and at 600-650 ° С is also better than the existing soda-lime glass, PDP glass, non-alkaline borosilicate glass for liquid crystal displays .

Samples 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 have an optimal composition with a CaO content of 1.3-1.5 times more MgO, SiO ₂ 2.1-3.3 times more CaO and Al ₂ O ₃ in the optimal range 19-30%, especially the best indicators are viscosity and differences in the values of linear expansion coefficients, as well as temperature indicators and other technological indicators.

And samples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, relate to the content of technical solutions of the present invention, it is obvious that they are better in viscosity, strength and coefficient of expansion than all available borosilicate glasses for TFT LCDs, PDP plasma glass and all other existing flat glasses made using existing technologies.

Samples 1, 2, 3, 4 are examples of the upper, lower limit and the cross upper and lower limit of the ratio of magnesium, calcium and silicon in the technical solutions of the present invention, and samples 1 and 5 are examples of the upper and lower limit of the total magnesium content, calcium and silicon 59.5-99.8%.

As can be seen from samples 1-9, due to the content of iron, barium and titanium in a certain range, the transmittance of visible light is 40-95%, which is suitable for use in various transparent glasses, and in samples 10, 11, because the iron content is from 1 to 1.3, and also due to the rather high content of BaO, TiO ₂ , the glasses become opaque and take on a brownish yellow or brown tint, which is suitable for the manufacture of glasses that are strong, viscous-temperature, deform and other characteristics are much better than flat glass made using existing technology, and are also fully suitable for the manufacture of new high-quality finishing materials from flat glass for walls and floors, especially for opaque s hinged panels for walls and high-quality decorative glass furniture.

Table 2 lists some existing glass formulations and their associated characteristics. As can be seen from table 2, first of all, because in 4 samples, the content of boron, iron and sodium is not the same in comparison with the present invention, as well as the ratio of silicon and calcium, CaO and MgO are completely different in comparison with the present invention, their ratios of SiO ₂ and CaO, CaO and MgO are much higher, than in the present invention, in the present invention, the ratio of CaO is 1.2-1.6 times greater than MgO, SiO ₂ is 1.9-4.1 times greater than CaO, and the ratio of the contents of SiO ₂ and CaO and CaO and MgO in These products are completely different. From table 2 it can be seen that from the point of view of technology, silicon is always considered as the basis of glass, moreover, as a refractory substance, therefore its viscosity, especially at a technological melting point of 10 ^0.5 (Pa · s), 10 ¹ (Pa · s), it is absolutely impossible to measure with a rotational viscometer (its viscosity is too high), and in the process of melting it is necessary to solve the problems of energy consumption, the formation of crumbs, stones, which seriously complicates the increase in productivity. Their usual temperature of bubble release and homogenization at 10 ² (Pa · s), compared to the samples of the present invention shown in Table 1, is also 150-300 ° C higher, it is obvious that in comparison with these problems of bubble release and homogenization, energy savings and ease of control in the present invention are comparative advantages with respect to process at the forming temperature March ¹⁰ (Pa · s), the present invention also has great advantages relative ease of process control f formation, flatness of the product, the difference in thickness, with respect to the strength for the products in the present invention, it is 2-3 times greater, with respect to the coefficient of linear expansion there are also very great advantages, in particular, when sintering a thin-film transistor on glass or in a linear relationship between the difference of values viscoelasticity in some important temperature zones for protection against fire and detonation.

At the same time, table 3 is completely different from examples of the ratios of the technical solution of the present invention, first of all, all products do not contain boron, iron, sodium components, in addition, in ratios 1 and 2, the magnesium content is also outside the range of the present invention 8.1-22 , 2%, the ratio of silicon: calcium or calcium: magnesium also exceed the range for samples of technical solutions of the present invention. And ratios 3, 4, 5, 6 are typical glass samples for liquid crystal displays US 2002/0011080 A1, they are the same as in all patent documentation and products of existing liquid crystal borosilicate glasses, their boron content is more than 5% (samples 1- 11 in table 1 of the present invention is 0.01-3.9%), they all do not contain iron (sample 1-11 with an iron content of 0.01-5% in table 1 of the present invention), do not contain titanium (samples 1-11 with a titanium content of 0.0001-4.9% in table 1 of the present invention), do not contain sodium (samples 1-11 s holding sodium 0.01-8.8% in table 1 of the present invention), and the relative silicon content is 12-60 times greater than calcium (in the present invention, 1.9-4.1 times), the relative calcium content is 0.25 times or 1.75 times or unlimited more magnesium (1.2-1.6 times in the present invention). With regard to technological efficiency, in these six examples of ratios, the temperature of the viscosity of melting, viscosity of the release of bubbles and clarification, technological viscosity of the molding is higher by 150-300 ° C; according to the technical results of bending strength, the difference is 2-3 times (mainly because the content of aluminum oxide is too small, or because when the amount of Al ₂ O _{3 is the} same, the boron content is too large) and in the range of 5-15% in the technological the process sublimation of boron in large quantities, which causes a non-uniform composition, loosening the mesh structure of the material, which greatly affects the bending strength, for example, when the content of Al ₂ O ₃ 16-20% in a ratio of 1, because the boron content is 8.5%, the strength is only 50-60 MPa, and for an example of the present invention, in Table 1, with an Al ₂ O ₃ content _of 20%, the strength is 130-150 MPa.

Thanks to the above description, it becomes known that the present invention can realize a decrease in temperature during the casting process at various viscosities, and will receive a good combination of glass characteristics and material and energy saving. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and based on the present invention, adjustments and changes can be made to suit specific needs.

Based on the aforementioned first embodiment of the present invention, calculated according to the total weight percentage, the content of Al ₂ O ₃ is 0.1-19 wt.%.

Third example

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a flat glass product and manufacturing technology in the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the marks of 1 figure mean products made of flat glass.

Figure 2 is a diagram of the flat glass molding of the present invention using float technology. It can be seen from the figure that this molding process involves the addition of prepared raw materials to the hopper, then the raw materials from the hopper are fed into the melting bath, the melting bath melts at a given temperature, and bubbles are released, and then the liquid melt enters the tin bath ( next to the tin bath there is a nitrogen and hydrogen protective gas station that supplies shielding gases to the tin bath), spreading occurs in the tin bath on the tin surface, and after stretching the edge, the hood In addition, polished tapes of semifinished products are formed, which are fed to the annealing furnace via a roller conveyor, then the temperature decreases and cooling, and thus glass can be obtained, after which the cutting and packaging table is cut according to the specified dimensions and packaging, getting ready products.

Figure 3 is a sectional view of a flat glass molding of the present invention according to a float technology. From the figure, mark 2 means the feed hole of the hopper, mark 3 - the hopper, mark 4 - raw materials mixed in certain proportions, mark 5 - the hole for feeding raw materials to the furnace of the melting bath (mark 4 means that prepared raw materials mixed in certain proportions materials from here are fed into the furnace of the melting bath), mark 12 means the body of the production line of the float process, mark 6 means the furnace of the melting bath, mark 7 means the discharge chute for feeding liquid melt into the tin bath, Label 8 means a tin bath of float technology, mark 9 means a roller conveyor, through which the semi-finished products are fed into the annealing furnace, mark 10 means an annealing furnace, mark 11 means a platform for cutting and packaging of finished products.

The following describes the process of manufacturing products according to the float technology for the manufacture of flat glass of the present invention, the production process includes the following steps:

Preparation of raw materials according to the calculated ratio of raw components of flat glass in the first implementation example and its modifications.

Preparation of a production line for the float technology, including a hopper, a bath melting furnace, a tin furnace with liquid tin, as well as an edge stretching machine, a drawing machine, a roller conveyor, an annealing furnace cooling system, a cutting platform, etc.

(3). In accordance with the production process of float technology shown in Figure 3 and Figure 2, prepared mixed raw materials in specified quantities with a mark of 4 in step (1) are fed from a hopper feed hole with a mark of 2 in the figure to a hopper with a mark of 3 in the figure , through the hole for supplying raw materials to the furnace of the melting bath with a mark of 5, the prepared mixed raw materials in step (1) are supplied to the furnace of the melting bath with a predetermined high temperature, gradually in the zones of melting temperature with the corresponding formulations of different degrees ol melting temperatures, liquid melt is produced with a good flowability in a high temperature area occurs deflation bubbles thus obtained molten raw mixture with good flowability and ready for feeding to the molding operation.

(4) In accordance with the production process of the float technology according to Figure 3 and Figure 2, a liquid melt with good fluidity in step (3) from the bath of the melting furnace with a mark of 6 through a discharge chute with a mark of 7 flows to the surface of the tin into the bath with molten tin with a mark of 8 on the production line diagram (the so-called tin bath), then casting, machine drawing and stretching of the edge, polishing on the tin surface occurs, semi-finished tapes are formed, which exit from the roller conveyor with a mark of 9 fishery furnace and enter the annealing furnace in a cooling system with a reduced temperature with a mark of 10, where cooling is carried out, and then fall on a cutting platform with a mark of 11, after cutting and packaging receive flat glass products shown in Figure 1, characterized by a high point annealing, environmental friendliness, low energy consumption and emissions, high strength, low viscosity and high flatness, according to the first implementation example and its various modifications.

Modification of the third example

Regarding the glass forming technology according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in addition to the above float technology, any of the horizontal stretching technologies, Glaverbel technology, rolling technology, overfilling technology, vertical re-drawing technology, direct pressing technology are also used for glass forming.

In the case of applying the horizontal stretching technology, the molten fluid formed in the melting step is subjected to stretching, molding, annealing, cooling, cutting inherent in the horizontal stretching technology, so that the aforementioned glass can be obtained.

In the case of applying the Glaverbel technology, the molten fluid formed in the melting step is subjected to rolling, molding, annealing, cooling, cutting using the Glaverbel technology, and thus the aforementioned glass can be obtained.

In the case of applying the rolling technology, the molten fluid formed in the melting step is subjected to rolling, molding, annealing, cooling, and cutting using the rolling technology, so that the aforementioned glass can be obtained.

In the case of applying the overflow technology, the molten fluid formed in the melting step is subjected to vertical drawing, molding, annealing, cooling, cutting using the overflow technology, so that the aforementioned glass can be obtained.

For the production of flat glass according to examples of implementation of the present invention, it is important that the new technical solution of the present invention provides components that provide a fluxing function, which significantly reduces the melting point and makes this glass suitable for use with float technology, overflow technology. In the usual float technology and overflow technology, this industry is limited by the formulation of silicate glass with a high silicon content, in the case when increased strength is required and it is necessary to add more aluminum oxide, various means have to be used and even the process of melting the raw materials in fairly extreme conditions is necessary. At least in the existing floating process technology, the overflow technology does not yet use the formulation according to the examples of the present invention. The following describes in sufficient detail the reasons for using the flat glass formulation according to the embodiments of the present invention for these three molding methods.

In the existing technology, especially in float technology and overflow technology used for the manufacture of glass with high plane requirements, especially for glass for displays with a thickness of 1.1 mm-0.7 mm or 0.5 mm, high demands are made first to raw materials, it cannot have stones and crumbs that cannot be melted, so the requirements for melting viscosity are higher, otherwise obvious flaws and defective products arise. Particularly high demands are made on the viscosity of the molding, because there is a bottling process during molding, if the viscosity is high, the melt becomes too thick and flows slowly, which affects productivity, also causes a large difference in thickness and inequality, which in turn affects at the stage of polishing and drawing during molding, waves and irregularities may form on the surface of the product. For example, all PDP glasses are re-polished using float technology, as the viscosity is too high at the bottling stage when forming the glass.

Therefore, the present invention overcomes the traditional technological prejudices regarding viscosity in the three most important technological stages of the molding process, such as melting, homogenizing and releasing bubbles and filling and alignment in float technology, overflow technology, rolling technology, Glaverbel technology, and especially polishing viscosity and drawing in float technology has significant significant results from technological progress.

Thus, the glass in the present invention, especially the flat glass manufacturing technology, reflects the advantages of the technological solution and overcomes technological prejudices in the industry.

Application

Because flat glass according to examples of implementation of the present invention can overcome the three aforementioned traditional prejudices, it can be used to make (1) glass for doors, windows, walls of buildings, (2) glass for cars and ships, (3) glass for high-speed railways, (4) glass for LCD displays, (5) glass for PDP displays, (6) glass for TFT displays, smartphones and high-strength glass panels for iPad, (7) technological glass and metal processing, (8) liquid crystal displays, ( 9) solar phot electrical devices.

Fourth implementation example

A fourth embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display, include: a matrix substrate, this matrix substrate consists of a glass plate made according to the first embodiment and its various modifications acting as a substrate, and a pixel structure on the substrate, this substrate is glass a plate made of flat glass in accordance with any one of paragraphs. 1-5 formulas of the present invention; color filter substrate, this color filter substrate consists of a substrate and a color filter layer on the substrate, the substrate is a glass plate of flat glass made according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5 formulas of the present invention; a liquid crystal layer located between the matrix substrate and the color filter substrate; as well as a backlight system.

Fifth Implementation Example

Because glass according to the present invention may have a lower viscosity, this allows the manufacture of thinner glass. If such a thinned glass is used to make a substrate or a cover plate of a solar photovoltaic device, this can increase the transmittance of visible light and increase the absorption efficiency of the solar battery. Thus, the present invention provides a solar photovoltaic device, the solar photovoltaic device includes a solar battery and a glass substrate or cover plate made using the present invention.

Sixth implementation example

A sixth embodiment of the present invention is a flat glass based on a first embodiment of the present invention, a layer of polycrystalline silicon is deposited on the surface of a flat glass by sintering amorphous silicon.

Seventh Implementation Example

A seventh embodiment of the present invention is a flat glass based on the first example of the present invention, a layer of resin containing quartz crystals, or Al ₂ O ₃ , or mullite, is applied to the flat glass.

The novelty of the technical solution of the present invention in the field of flat glasses is as follows: this glass contains elements of SiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, Al ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , Na ₂ O, the content of B ₂ O ₃ in this glass is 0-3 , 9 wt.%, The content of Na ₂ O is 0.01-14 wt.%, The content of Fe ₂ O ₃ is 0.01-5 wt.%, The content of F ₂ O is 0 wt.%, The content of MgO is 7- 22.2 wt.%, Al ₂ O ₃ content -0.01-39 wt.%, SiO ₂ content 1.9–1.1 times higher than CaO content, CaO content 1.2–1.6 times higher MgO content; the lower limit of the annealing temperature of this glass (that is, the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak) 550-710 ° C; the difference in glass thickness is less than 0.3 mm, and its water absorption coefficient lies in the range from 0 to 0.3%, its bending strength is 50-180 MPa.

The technological solution characteristics of the present invention have the following levels:

Firstly, for all flat glasses manufactured according to the existing technology, it is a selection achievement with respect to the range of contents of aluminum, silicon, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium components, as well as the relative content of silicon, calcium and magnesium elements, is the invention of a change in the ratios these technological components. In the invention, changes in the choice of ratios of the components of the present invention in the technical solution provide a silicon content of 2.0-4.1 times or 2.0-3.6 times more calcium, a calcium content of 1.2-1.6 times or 1.3 -1.49 times more magnesium. And for all flat glasses in the existing technology, at least two final values of the above ratio of the two components are required. In addition to the scope of the present invention, also the selection of the ratio of the above components of the present invention is in a narrow range of all existing technology, which is also an innovation. Also, in flat glass applications, new product properties have been discovered, unexpected technological effects occur, described below.

Secondly, the present invention allows to use the new product properties disclosed in this invention and adapt them to new applications, and also creates the invention of unexpected technological effects (that is, due to the processing method of various flat glasses, in new applications of flat glasses, a linear thermal coefficient can occur expansion and other new properties of flat glasses, [1] excellent new viscosity-temperature characteristics at various stages of the process and production, [2] thickness difference, [3] water absorption coefficient, [4] bending strength, [5] visible light transmittance, [6] waviness, [7] lower limit of the annealing temperature (that is, the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak), [8] linear coefficient of thermal expansion and other new features and new uses for flat glass).

Moreover, in new applications, the present invention exhibits viscosity-temperature characteristics at the technological stage of melting, homogenization, bubble release and clarification, and especially flatness or thickness difference for controlling the waviness, viscosity-temperature characteristics at the stage of drawing the molding technology (or polishing during float technologies) that were never previously detected with existing technologies.

(BUT). One of the discoveries of new product properties is the invention of reducing the use of Na ₂ O in flat glass manufacturing technology that overcomes traditional technological prejudices: flat glass made using existing technology contains about 13% sodium, used mainly for fluxing, especially for fluxing of silicon components , which allows to reduce the viscosity at various stages of the process. However, the technical solution and the new product characteristics discovered in the present invention allow us to put an end to such technological prejudices, the invention of changing the relations between the components of silicon, calcium, magnesium in the use of flat glass creates new product properties, with a sodium content in the range of 0-1%, it is possible reduction of viscosity-temperature characteristics by 150-250 ° С for several technological stages of the process of manufacturing flat glass with a high sodium content, this saves energy giu and control the difference in thickness, waviness, and also helps to reduce the formation of stones and crumbs at the technological stage of melting, and reduce the formation of bubbles at the technological stage of the release of bubbles and other defects, especially in relation to the quality of superthin flat glass for LCD displays with a thickness of 0.5 -1.1 mm due to the reduction in the formation of crumbs, stones, bubbles, which does not meet the requirements of the difference in thickness, waviness, a large area of possibilities for controlling the technology is formed.

In the process of applying the existing technology, if a defect occurs at any stage of the technical process, it is easy to solve the problem by increasing the temperature of the various stages of the technical process, but this can also easily lead to the destruction of the lid of the melting bath, which significantly reduces its service life. And the present invention provides a certain range for adjusting the viscosity in the process of technology control, fundamentally solves the technologically difficult problem of the “poor material properties” always existed in the industry for the manufacture of sodium (high sodium) flat stack products (this is called “ material properties ”).

(AT). The second discovery of new product properties: in the present invention, the sodium content of 13% in the soda-lime glass and 99% of the total mass in the existing flat glass is replaced by 0.01-1% or 0.01-0.1%, which it opens up new properties of a product that is almost free of sodium, the technical solution to changing the ratio of silicon, calcium and magnesium components overcomes the technological prejudices of the need to increase the temperature due to the addition of aluminum or boron components, a new product property arises with a lower limit of eratury annealing below 100 ° C at a low aluminum content or boron (only less than 1%), in addition, with low sodium content (less than 1%), the annealing temperature causes a further new product properties (see. the list of samples). It appears: the lower limit of the annealing temperature (that is, the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak) for this glass is 610-710, the optimal one is 610-650 °, and when more aluminum oxide is added, the product properties improve to 650-710 ° С, because the more the amount of sodium, the lower the lower limit of the glass annealing temperature (i.e. the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak), the lower limit of the annealing temperature of more than 99% flat glass for architectural applications with 13% sodium (i.e. the initial point of the endothermic peak) is only 490 ° C, and the lower limit of the annealing temperature (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak) of flat glass containing no boron and sodium (or with a sodium content of 0.01-1%) in the present invention is 610- 710 ° C, the fact that the flat glass of the technical solution of the present invention (with an aluminum content within 1%), due to the fact that the lowest magnesium content is 8.1% (usually above 12%), calcium is at least 1.2 times less, also within 9.6% (usually above 15%), this is I major cause a significant increase in the lower limit of the glass annealing temperature (i.e. the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak) compared with conventional soda lime glass at above 120-200 ° C, which is the discovery of another new product properties.

It should be noted here that although an increase in the content of calcium and magnesium, for example, by 19-50% (usually the sum of calcium + magnesium is only 10-12%) exceeds the soda-lime glass of the existing technology, which can reduce the consumption of boron components and significantly increase the lower limit of the annealing temperature (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak), with an increase in the Na ₂ O content to 2-13%, a significant increase also occurs, only in comparison with the lower limit of the annealing temperature (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the pre-thermal peak) of a sodium-free or low-sodium product this increase is less. However, it cannot be said that it is only by adding calcium and magnesium that the production goal can be achieved, because it is also necessary to achieve other technological conditions, such as a sufficiently low viscosity-temperature characteristic at the stage of bubble production, which is suitable for the manufacture of flat glass. For flat glass according to the existing technology, if you only increase the calcium and magnesium content, but do not use the ratio between the content of silicon, calcium and magnesium in accordance with the present invention, then for all existing technologies, with an increase in the content of calcium and magnesium, the viscosity-temperature characteristic will still be 150-300 ° C higher compared with the present invention, for example, for non-alkaline borosilicate glass, the addition of 8-15% of boron-containing fluxing additive, as well as the addition of only 8-1 0% Al ₂ O ₃ at a viscosity of 10 ² (Pa · C) the temperature at the technological stage of the release of bubbles will reach more than 1500 ° C, it is necessary to use high platinum channels to release bubbles of a shallow melting bath (the melt depth of the glass mass is 5-10 cm) for the process of releasing bubbles, while the daily output is only a few tons. Therefore, when using the technical solution of the present invention with a low viscosity and a higher lower limit of the annealing temperature (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak), the daily productivity will be hundreds of tons (the thickness of the melting bath at the bubble outlet is 70-100 cm), the productivity difference is one hundred times, and on investment - more than ten times. Also, by solving the problem of increasing the lower limit of the annealing temperature (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak), it is possible to achieve compliance with the requirements for flat glasses for various monitors and colored glazes, as well as for refractory and anti-knock flat glasses. In all flat glasses produced by the existing technology, it seems that only the technical solution is applied to increase the calcium + magnesium content up to 20-50%, and the inventive change in the proportional ratios of the components of the present invention is not applied, choosing the invented technical solution, it is impossible to simultaneously track the unexpected combined technical effect the cost price and the lower limit of the annealing temperature (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak).

As for the unexpected technological effects, they consist not only in the features of the lower limit of the annealing temperature (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak) of products with a low content of aluminum and not containing sodium or boron and values of the linear expansion coefficient at 150-300 ° С and 610 -650 ° C or 680 ° C, which can also have high quality, low cost, more than 10 times high production efficiency, etc., can be simultaneously monitored to achieve technological requirements for industrial The use of glass for LCD monitors for TFT and the achievement of improved economic efficiency, in addition, also in the application for the manufacture of a substrate for a PDP display, it is possible to reach the goal of the lower limit of the annealing temperature (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak) above 580 ° C, ensuring minimal deformation in the sintering process at a temperature of about 580 ° C, moreover, in the case of an increase in the amount of alumina, it will become even higher and can reach the standard lower limit of the annealing temperature for liquid crystals c (i.e., the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak) is higher than 650-710 ° C, which makes the deformation of the glass substrate during sintering of a thin film of the transistor at 600-650 ° C minimal, within 3 ppm, which is much better than existing glass substrates for PDP and non-alkaline borosilicate glass for TFT. in addition, when used in existing mid-level LCDs, it can raise its technical level, helping to improve the class of the LCD display and significantly increase the resolution. All existing glass substrates for LCD displays use the existing lower limit of the annealing temperature (that is, the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak), which is only 490 ° C for flat glass with 13% sodium; another technological effect is that due to the decrease in the viscosity-temperature characteristics of sodium-containing glass by 200 ° C, it will allow glass for LCD, PDP and TFT displays to develop in the industry's leading direction of high quality standards with respect to thickness differences of less than 0.1-0, 3 mm and undulations.

(FROM). The third discovery of new product properties: overcomes traditional technological prejudices, creates the invention of reducing the technological component “B ₂ O ₃ ” for non-alkaline borosilicate glass flat glasses: in the existing non-alkaline borosilicate flat glass, especially used for the production of liquid crystal displays, because the sodium content should not exceed 1% (Na ₂ O gradually corrodes a very thin chain on a thin-film transistor), boron components with a content of 8-15% are used as component of the fluxing additive, it is believed that one cannot do without such technological prejudice, especially with regard to the formation of flux for silicon, in order to provide control of the decrease in viscosity-temperature characteristics at various stages of the production of high-quality flat glasses. But the technical solution of the present invention and the discovered new properties break technological prejudices, thanks to the invention of changing the ratio of the components of silicon, calcium and magnesium in flat glass applications, new product properties arise when the boron component is absent or its content is 0-1%, the viscosity-temperature characteristic of the product Compared with the existing technology with a boron content of 8-15% at several stages of the technological process for the production of flat glass, it is lower by 250-350 ° C, this creates a new technological platform for large-scale technological control of product quality, for glasses for liquid crystal displays with a high level of requirements for the difference in thickness, waviness and almost complete absence of bubbles, crumbs, stones and the output rate of finished products and high-quality products with superthin products with a thickness of 0.5- 0.7 mm, and especially to the viscosity at the stages of the release of bubbles and clarification, homogenization and molding, stretching, it seems much better compared to existing technologies process control range and technological control platform.

(D) The fourth discovery of new product properties: overcomes the technological prejudices regarding traditional flat glass, which consists in the need to add Al ₂ O ₃ to significantly increase the viscosity-temperature characteristics. For example, for soda-lime glass, according to the existing technology, only about 1% Al ₂ O ₃ can be added, and as a rule, only about 8% Al ₂ O ₃ can be added to non-alkaline borosilicate glass to increase the deformation point, while adding more and the already high viscosity-temperature characteristics at different stages will still increase, which does not allow to achieve the required level of quality through technological control. Also, under low-cost controlled technological conditions, it is considered impossible to add 25-30% of aluminum oxides to increase product strength. But the technical solution and the discovery of new properties of flat glass in the present invention breaks down technological prejudices of this kind, in the present invention in the absence of boron, sodium, fluorine content (i.e., the content of 0-1%), when the content of Al ₂ O ₃ is about 3.1 % or 16% or 20% or 25%, in the existing technology it is believed that the viscosity will increase significantly, but the change in the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the present invention is only 20-40 ° C, that is, with a large change in the alumina content of about 1- 30%, the increase in viscosity-temperature characteristics will be only about 40-80 ° C (see 11 samples in the attached table 1 and the ratio of samples in table 2).

Moreover, the temperature of the viscosity of flat glass with the addition of 13% sodium oxide or 8-15% boron oxide is another 100 ° C-200 ° C. This proves that in the technical solution of the present invention, the range of changes in the ratio of the components of silicon, calcium, magnesium can create new product properties when the content of aluminum oxide is 25% or 30%, this is a new mixture of aluminum, silicon, magnesium, calcium with a high content of Al ₂ O _3, having a eutectic properties where there may be unexpected technological effects low viscosity-temperature characteristic with a high content of aluminum, and also may appear surprising tehnologich skie effects of high quality and high strength. In the present invention, especially due to the possibility of adding 19-28% alumina, the strength can reach 140-160 MPa or 180 MPa, which is 2-3 times higher than the strength of various flat glasses produced by existing technologies, in addition, because the viscosity-temperature characteristic is 150-250 ° C lower than the existing technology when the Al ₂ O ₃ content is 1-25%, then if the viscosity of non-alkaline borosilicate glass is formed in the technical solution of the present invention, therefore, the addition of 29-39% Al ₂ should be equivalent O ₃ is the viscosity space for melting and a large space for increasing strength (the bending strength of glass in this description and in the examples of implementation of the present invention is measured on cut out tapes of 50 mm × 50 mm × 5 mm in size using an bending properties according to GB / T3810.4-2006). In non-alkaline borosilicate glass products manufactured using existing technology, the sublimation process of B ₂ O ₃ causes unevenness of the ingredients, damage to the mesh structure of materials involving Al ₂ O ₃ , which significantly affects the strength. This is an important reason for the relatively low strength of non-alkaline borosilicate glass with a content of 7-15% alumina.

Therefore, the present invention, with a high aluminum content and the absence of boron-containing components, can have new eutectic properties with a high content of aluminum, silicon, magnesium, calcium, can have a bending strength of 90-145 MPa or 145-180 MPa, and at the same time have a greater level of energy conservation, low cost and large technological range of viscosity-temperature characteristics, can control the melting technology in the stage of viscosity-temperature characteristics of the melt, overcomes the problem of formation stones and prevents the formation of unmelted crumbs, the difference in the thickness of the flat glass and the waviness during clarification and regulation of molding (because the lower the viscosity, the flat glass is softer at this technological stage and the greater the control range, and vice versa, the higher the viscosity, the flat glass at this the harder the technological stage, the worse the control over the difference in thickness and waviness during stretching, horizontal stretching, or rolling, or when spreading on the surface, polishing and other stages of the float process sa).

(E) The addition of 0.01-4% Fe ₂ O ₃ is a complex invention, allows to obtain new functions, save resources, significantly reduce costs.

Thirdly, in connection with the publication and discovery of new properties of the above products, the aforementioned technological prejudices are overcome, in the use of flat glasses in the field of construction, production of TFT displays, industry, finishing materials, waterproofing, several of the following unexpected effects arise: (1) technological effect due to the resulting as a result of viscous-temperature properties, the ability to significantly improve and technologically control the quality of melting, bubble formation, plane NOSTA, the difference of thickness and waviness; (2) unexpected effects of resource saving due to a decrease in the viscosity-temperature characteristics by more than 200 ° C; (3) an unexpected technological effect of increasing strength by a factor of 2–3 due to the addition of a large amount of aluminum to the eutectic (from 1% to more than 25%); (4) an unexpected technological effect arising from an increase in the strength of a flat stack, which makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption of resources, transportation and storage costs by 2–3 times. (5) The new technological effects of the present invention is that an increase in the content of Fe ₂ O ₃ for opaque or low transparency flat glass for decorative materials allows to save day by day the decreasing resources of raw materials for making glasses, the cost of the main raw materials for making glass is reduced by 10 times. In traditional technology, it is believed that raw materials with a high iron content affect the appearance of a blue-green defect, but in the flat glass of the present invention it is possible to increase the strength by 2-3 times, therefore it can be made 2-3 times thinner, the light transmittance increases, the blue-green tint is less pronounced and does not affect the use of transparent glass. Therefore, this combination allows the production of unexpectedly light, thin and durable flat glass products with complex effects, saving raw materials for glass production and reducing costs. This is something that other existing technologies cannot achieve: the simultaneous presence of technological effects of strength, lightness, thinness, saving of raw materials and cost reduction by 10 times. (6) Due to the application of the invention, the reduction of technological components for the existing production technology, for example, non-alkaline borosilicate glass, and subject to the availability of better quality control compared to the existing technology with respect to the formation of stones, chips, bubbles, flatness, thickness difference, subject to savings energy, not raising, but lowering the temperature of the process, reducing the boron component, it is possible to improve the characteristics at the technological stages of melting, the release of the bubble s, molding, stretching and optionally adding more of Al ₂ O ₃ to improve the characteristics of bending strength, in addition, can not unexpectedly add 8-15% boron-containing components in non-alkaline borosilicate glass for flat panel displays, while ensuring guaranteed quality product in respect of the number of bubbles, flatness, difference in thickness, waviness, it is possible to solve technological prejudices of the possibility of using only the overflow method and channels from platinum in the installation for the production of ste for TFT displays, or even better, it is possible to use float technology, provided that quality is ensured with regard to the number of bubbles, flatness, thickness difference, it is possible to increase production efficiency by 20–40 times, reduce investment by 30–50 times, and reduce by 20 times production areas and other unexpected effects. The present invention, in comparison with the existing technology for the production of flat glass, has new properties that have not been previously discovered or published, and it is impossible to pre-guess, predict or make conclusions, it also overcomes the traditional technological prejudices regarding flat glass, and solves the above-mentioned important problems that have long been specialists in this industry sought to solve, technological effects give a change at two levels of “quality” and “quantity”, which testifies that the technical solution is not obvious, has significant significant features, is an obvious achievement of technological progress and a creative initiative.

The above specific examples give a description of the composition and properties, as well as the production technology, application and technological effects of glass in the present invention, and then, in accordance with the features of flat glass in the examples of implementation of the present invention, its fundamental differences are once again generalized with the existing technology:

One of the differences of the present invention compared to existing technology:

Compared to the existing high boron non-alkaline glass for TFT LCDs, there are hundreds of patents and other literature and thousands of examples of their implementation in the world, a representative example of which is US 2002/0011080 A1 called “Non-Alkaline Glass for LCD Monitors,” its biggest difference with the technical solution of the present invention primarily consists of: (1) in the technical solution, the SiO ₂ content is 40-70%, the CaO content is 0-15%, the MgO content is 0-10%, the B ₂ O ₃ content 5-20%, and also invented The ratio of the three main technological components of silicon, calcium and magnesium, in this invention the calcium content is 1.2-1.6 times higher than magnesium, and in the existing technology the upper limit of the ratio of calcium: magnesium is 0:10, i.e. the calcium content is 10 times lower than magnesium, and the lower limit is 15: 0, that is, the calcium content is 15 times higher than magnesium. Therefore, the present invention optimizes the values within its limits, has a new distinctive property, in addition, in the existing technology the content of B ₂ O ₃ 5-20%, does not contain Na ₂ O, does not contain Fe ₂ O ₃ and boron oxide is 0-3.9%, the content of Fe ₂ O ₃ is 0.01-5%, the content of Na ₂ O is 0.01-8.8%. Due to the difference in technical solutions, the invention of changing the ratios of the components of silicon, calcium and magnesium creates new product properties, if we compare the distinctive viscosity characteristics, then all non-alkaline borosilicate glasses, compared with the present invention without the addition of boron and with the addition of 10-30% alumina, are viscous temperature characteristics of the product at 10 ^0.5 (Pa · C), 10 ¹ (Pa · C), viscosity-temperature characteristic at 10 ² (Pa · С) at the stage of clarification, homogenization, release of bubbles, viscosity-temperature the characteristic at 10 ³ (Pa · C) at the stage of molding and drawing, polishing, etc. 200 ° C-400 ° C higher. Obviously, it is known in the industry that the lower viscosity-temperature characteristic of the present invention is very conducive to controlling the formation of crumbs and stones at the stage of melting flat glass, it is very easy to completely melt, at the stages of the release of bubbles, clarification is very conducive to controlling the coefficient of formation of bubbles (and all non-alkaline borosilicate glasses produced by the existing technology use the technology of releasing bubbles using an expensive channel device for removal of bubbles from platinum at high temperature and viscosity), the low viscosity of the present invention is undoubtedly favorable for forming flat glass, especially for controlling the quality of flatness, thickness difference, waviness when forming super-thin glass for TFT. (2) The production of all non-alkaline borosilicate glasses for TFT liquid crystal displays is limited to using only the overflow method, due to severe corrosion of the melting baths, all one hundred production lines existing in the world need to be cold-repaired every year (about three months), the costs reach each time one hundred million yuan, and in the present invention, due to the absence of the need to add boron-containing components, this serious problem can be overcome. (3) In the present invention, it can be continuously produced without cold repair for 8-10 years, each year productivity is increased by three months due to the lack of cold repair. (4) Since with the existing technology, the content of boron components is 5-20%, in the production according to the existing technology, a large amount of boron is sublimated, which leads to uneven composition, which negatively affects the flatness quality during molding, and in the absence of a boron component in the present invention, flatness is very good. (5) Since currently overflow technology allows the use of equipment with a capacity of only 6-10 tons / day, and the cost reaches a billion yuan or more, and also because of its high percentage of B ₂ O ₃ ingredients that cause corrosion of the melting bath, in theory and in reality, it is impossible to use a melting bath with a large capacity in the float technology, and in the technical solution of the present invention it is possible not to use boron, therefore it is possible to carry out production by the float technology in the melting a bath with a capacity of 150 tons / day or 200 tons / day, its productivity increases 20-30 times, and the cost is only 1/40 or 1/60 of the cost of the same products, which can significantly save investment and depreciation (300 -500 million yuan on only one line), and also save up to 10 times the production area. (6) Due to the ability to produce glass for liquid crystal displays without the use of boron components, it is possible to completely solve the problem of emissions of boron-containing toxic gases in the production of borosilicate glass (for example, if the product contains 10% boron, about 30% of boron must be added to the raw material, during melting there is an emission about 20% of toxic boron gas, when using the existing technology overflow method with a capacity of 10 tons / day, 2 tons of toxic boron gas are thrown out every day , at a capacity of 200 tons / day, 20 tons of toxic gaseous boron are emitted, and in the technical solution of the present invention, a 200 ton float production line does not produce any emissions. (7) Because the boron content is at the level of 5-20% ( 8-15% in a large number of examples of glasses for LCD displays) sublimates a large amount of boron, which leads to uneven composition, with the same Al ₂ O ₃ content, the strength of all borosilicate glasses for liquid crystal displays decreases by more than 80%, and in the present and With a boron free or extremely low boron content, it is possible to achieve such high strength. And for the existing technology, although the claims state that "....... CaO content is 0-15%, MgO content is 0-10%, SiO ₂ content is 40-70%," but in dozens of examples the content of silicon oxides is about 60%, in the vast majority of cases, the CaO content is below 1-4%, in only two cases 5.4%, and in one 6.2%, and all ratios of the content of SiO ₂ to CaO are outside the range of the present invention, where SiO ₂ in 1,9-4,1 times the CaO content in them SiO ₂ 10-60 CaO times greater, in most cases the MgO content below 5.4%, which also lies Roedel 8,1-22,2% content of MgO in the present invention. According to the established practice of the “principle of separate comparison”, the inventor has compared hundreds of patents for displays or patent formulas and real examples in the literature in China and abroad, they are all the same. Therefore, the present invention not only has novelty, but also in all similar formulas of the invention, descriptions and examples of implementation of the existing technology, the content of the technical solution of the present invention has not been published anywhere regarding the change in the ratios of the components of silicon, calcium, magnesium, structural properties of the fluxing eutectic and the resulting good viscosity properties , the lower limit of the annealing temperature (that is, the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak), strength, energy savings, cost reduction STI, quality control, ease of production and other technological effects. Especially in relation to viscosity, in comparison with the entire glass for liquid crystal displays produced by the existing technology, the effect of reducing the viscosity-temperature characteristics by 300 ° C is observed; In terms of strength, an improvement effect of 1-2 times is observed, which creates technological effects that are unexpected for the industry. This indicates that the technological effects of the present invention are not obvious, have creative initiative.

None of the above technological effects were disclosed or published in the production of all existing borosilicate glasses for liquid crystal displays, all of them are not obvious, any of the technological effects reflects the creative initiative of the technical solution of the present invention.

The second of the differences of the present invention from the existing technology: the existing technology SU 581097 A1, opens the frosted glass, it contains the content of SiO ₂ 50-63%, CaO - 22-33%, MgO - 13-21%, Al ₂ O ₃ - 1- 3%, Na ₂ O - 0.5-2%, the calcium content is 1.4-1.5 times the magnesium content. Its technical scope and field of application is completely different from flat glass, it is only frosted glass production technology, the main difference from the present invention is that in this invention flat glass produced using different technologies has completely different characteristics, for example, thickness difference ± 0.3 mm, waviness in the range of 20 mm, corrugation in the range of 0-0.03 mm, bending strength of 50-180 MPa, the optimal choice in the range of 0-180 MPa or 145-180 MPa, the present invention contains Fe ₂ O _3, and with holding Na ₂ O - 2,1-14%, and is controlled and determined by the viscosity-temperature characteristic, durability, annealing temperature and other process parameters at different stages of production of flat glass at a content of Al ₂ O _3, 0.01-30%, or 3.8-30%, or 19-30%, or 26-39%, the present invention is also completely different from other flat glass inventions, in addition, the technology used is completely different from the technology of these glasses, for example, float technology, horizontal technology stretching, glaverbel technology, proc technology heel, overflow technology and other technologies, and applies the new opening viscosity-temperature characteristics and other properties of the products at different stages of the production process and forms flat glass products with high flatness, high-thickness difference, waviness and high flexural strength. And the purpose of the invention of the aforementioned technology is the production of colored opaque opaque glassware, it does not at all declare a new viscosity, flatness, thickness difference, waviness and does not state any unexpected technological effects of the present invention. The present invention, in comparison with other patents of this type, discovers new product properties in new completely different applications of flat glasses with high flatness for construction, industry, displays, etc., it is also an invention with unexpected technical effects, it is also due to a combination of previously unopened new properties products and the available flat glass technology, the invention resulted in a combination of unexpected technological effects. For example, the invention of the reduction of components due to the discovery of new product properties overcomes various traditional technological prejudices in the production of sodium-sodium-lime-glass for glass: sodium-glass in the existing technology contains about 13% sodium, mainly used for fluxing, especially for flux of silicon components , forms a controlled decrease in viscosity at different stages of the process. But the technical solution of the present invention and the discovery of new product properties breaks down these traditional technological prejudices; due to the invention of changing the ratio of silicon, calcium and magnesium components in flat glass applications, it can create new product properties, with a sodium content in the range of 0-1%, it allows to reduce the viscosity the characteristic of sodium glass at several stages of the technological process at 150 ° C-250 ° C, this can significantly save energy and contributes to high-quality control the difference in thickness, waviness, and the formation of stones, chips, bubbles and other defects during the melting and release of bubbles, and which is especially important for the quality of superthin flat glass with a thickness of 0.5-1.1 mm for LCD displays, reduces the number of crumbs, stones, bubbles, an unacceptable difference in thickness and waviness.

In addition, since the announcement and discovery of new product properties overcomes the aforementioned existing technological prejudices, in the fields of application of glass for buildings, for TFT displays, for industry, for decoration, for waterproofing, several of the following effects occur: (1) Due to the viscosity-temperature characteristics, good technological effects of increasing and controlling the quality of the melting technology, the number of bubbles, flatness, difference in thickness and waviness; (2) the effect of energy savings due to a decrease in the viscosity-temperature characteristics by more than 200 ° C; (3) due to the addition of a large amount of aluminum to the eutectic (from 1% to 25% or more), the technological effect of increasing the strength by 2–3 times occurs; (4) due to the increase in strength, it becomes possible to reduce thickness and weight by a factor of 2–3, which provides unexpected technological effects of energy saving, resource saving, and reducing transportation and storage costs by 2 times.

The seventh difference of the present invention from the existing technology: the present invention is a solar photovoltaic device, this solar photovoltaic device includes a solar battery and a glass substrate or cover plate made of flat glass in accordance with any of the implementation examples, its difference from solar photovoltaic devices of the existing technologies: firstly, due to the possibility of low-cost increase in the content of Al ₂ O ₃ (for example, up to 25-30%) in large-scale Ohm production, and also due to the characteristics of the eutectic of aluminum, calcium and magnesium, it is possible, using the flat glass of the present invention, to increase the strength by 1-2 times in large-scale production without changing equipment and without increasing costs, thus significantly reducing the likelihood of damage to the solar photovoltaic device in the process production, assembly, installation and use in adverse, difficult conditions, orderliness and integrity are significantly increased; secondly, because the strength of the glass substrate increases by 1-2 times, then the glass products are designed 1-2 times thinner, which is very suitable for facilitating the solar photovoltaic device, provides ease of installation and transportation, reducing costs. It is especially suitable for use in the roofs of wooden houses and the outer walls of buildings in Europe, America, Australia, Southeast Asia, Latin America and other regions, significantly reduces the weight load on buildings, and also increases the safety, reliability and practicality of their use in wooden buildings, which is very beneficial for stimulating the use of new energy sources; thirdly, due to the possibility of thinning the glass 1-2 times, it is possible to increase the transmittance of solar energy and improve the efficiency of the invention of solar cells.

The principle of “separate comparison” of the claims of the patent claims or examples of real products of the aforementioned patent documentation is used to determine the novelty of the technical solution of the present invention.

The present invention differs from the aforementioned types of flat glass by the novelty of the technical solution and the arising effects of energy saving, environmental friendliness, investment-productivity ratio, production efficiency, cost reduction and viscosity-temperature characteristics, high strength and other features, all of which represent industry unexpected non-obvious technological effects ; allows to save 30-40% of energy due to lowering the melting point and reducing by 30-40% of carbon dioxide emissions; also allows to increase the strength of products by 2-3 times, and also discovers the invention of a combination of a display and a solar photovoltaic device with new properties, etc.

The present invention was made by the inventor after summarizing many years of practical experience and through innovative developments, such as the above-described present invention and technical solutions of any of the existing technologies, all of them are the invention of changing the mutual ratio of technological composite elements, and due to the development of new applications, they reveal differences in new product properties and new product characteristics arising from the application of an innovative production method (therefore that the patent claims and examples of any existing technologies have 3-5 or 4-5 differences with the features of the technological components in the technical solution of the present invention), therefore, the products and the method of its production extracted from this description and formulated in the above claims, according to the principle of “separate comparisons ”must be novel.

As the above distinguishing characteristics of the present invention show, in comparison with the existing technology, the technical solution of the present invention creates unexpected technological effects and allows you to solve several important technological problems in relation to the production of flat glass and its production technology, which experts all the time want to solve, but to no avail, and namely: (1) especially in the production of non-alkaline borosilicate glass for TFT liquid crystal displays, a solution to the problem is possible the increase in production efficiency by 20-30 times and profitability of investments by tens of times due to the possibility of applying the present invention in float technology; (2) to obtain the effect of energy saving and reduction of emissions in the production process; (3) it makes it possible to make glass half-plates with the same strength one-third thinner and lighter and reduce raw material consumption by 60% -70%, reduce energy consumption by 60% -70% and reduce harmful emissions by 60% -70%; (4) solves environmental problems due to the absence of emissions of toxic gaseous boron and the costs of cold repair; (5) solves the problem of increasing product strength; (6) solves the problem of flatness; (7) reduces the cost of land and sea transportation by 60-70%, which can reduce CO emissions by 60-70%; (8) facilitating building structures in the use of building glasses in architecture; (9) improving product quality control due to the ability to control the viscosity-temperature characteristics, all this is of great importance and contributes to the development potential of this technology.

Thus, the technical solution of the present invention is not obtained by a simple logical conclusion or simple experiment, and unexpected progressive effects created by the technical solution of the present invention are not particularly obvious to those skilled in the art. Due to these technological difficulties, over the past ten to twenty years, thousands of enterprises and hundreds of thousands of specialists in the field of materials for displays and flat glasses around the world are conducting research and cannot solve these problems. The present invention solves the important technological problems of the trends in the technical development of flat glass, displays and solar energy industries that have not been able to find a solution all the time, as well as the above-described more than a dozen technical problems that specialists also strive for, but still cannot solve.

The above unexpected technological effects are possible due to the application of the invention, changing the choice of component ratios in the technical solution and changing the use of flat glass in the technical solution, which allows to obtain new product properties that have never been discovered or published in the existing technology, such as viscosity-temperature characteristics at different stages the process of production of flat glass, the characteristics of the eutectic of silicon, calcium, magnesium with a high aluminum content in The solution of the present invention, the strength of flat glass, as well as the property of low viscosity and high strength in the absence of boron content, overcome technological prejudices of the impossibility of increasing the annealing temperature at a low content of aluminum or boron (less than 1%), as well as the property of a high lower limit of annealing temperature ( that is, the temperature of the starting point of the endothermic peak). The technical solution of the present invention breaks down existing technological prejudices regarding the content of sodium, boron and fluorine, allows to reduce flux components, a new technical solution creates unexpected technological effects. These technological properties of products cannot be predicted or predicted in advance, this invention overcomes many technological prejudices, provides solutions to many of the aforementioned technological problems in the flat glass, display, alternative energy industries that specialists have long wanted but cannot solve, creating a change at the level of " quality "and" quantity ", which suggests that the technical solution of the present invention is not completely obvious, has noticeable practical Highlights, significant technical advances and novelty.

All of the above is given only to demonstrate the most preferred examples of the implementation of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention in any way, any worker familiar with this technique will certainly use the above content and change or correct equivalent examples, according to different requirements and functions, implements a method for producing flat glass for display, solar photovoltaic device. Obviously, everything that does not go beyond the content of the technical solution of the present invention, especially the content of the claims, any simple amendments, equivalent changes and modifications of the aforementioned embodiments according to the technological essence of the present invention, still belongs to the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. Flat glass, characterized in that it has the following composition:
the content of B ₂ O ₃ is 0-3.9 wt.%, the content of Na ₂ O is 0.01-14 wt.%, the content of Fe ₂ O ₃ is 0.01-5 wt.%, the content of F ₂ O is 0 wt.%, the content of MgO is 7-22.2 wt.%, the content of Al ₂ O ₃ is 0.01-39 wt.%, in addition, the content of SiO ₂ is 1.9-4.1 times the content of CaO, the CaO content is 1.0-1.8 times the MgO content;
and the fact that:
the lower limit of the annealing temperature of this glass is 550 ° C-710 ° C;
the difference in glass thickness is less than 0.3 mm;
the coefficient of water absorption of this glass lies in the range from 0 to 0.3%;
the bending strength of this glass reaches 50-180 MPa. 2. Flat glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of this flat glass is 0.1-1.8 mm, the Na ₂ O content is 0.01-2 wt.%, The Al ₂ O ₃ content is 0, 1-28 wt.%. 3. Flat glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of this flat glass is 0.1-1.8 mm, the Na ₂ O content is 2-14 wt.%, The Al ₂ O ₃ content is 0.1-28 wt. % or 29-39 wt.%. 4. Flat glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of this flat glass is 1.8-20 mm, the Na ₂ O content is 0.01-2 wt.%, The Al ₂ O ₃ content is 0.1-28 wt.%. 5. Flat glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of this flat glass is 1.8-20 mm, the Na ₂ O content is 2-14 wt.%, The Al ₂ O ₃ content is 0.1-28 wt. % or 29-39 wt.%. 6. A liquid crystal display, characterized in that it includes:
a matrix substrate, wherein the matrix substrate includes a substrate and a pixel structure deposited thereon, and this substrate is a glass plate of flat glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
a color filter substrate, wherein the color filter substrate includes a substrate and a color filter layer deposited on the substrate, and the substrate is a flat glass glass plate according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
a liquid crystal layer located between the matrix substrate and the color filter substrate, as well as a backlight system. 7. Solar photovoltaic device, characterized in that it includes a solar battery and a glass substrate or a cover plate made of flat glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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