RU2580362C1 - Seed separation machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in enterprises of canning industry. Machine comprises housing, water delivery unit, loading and unloading devices. Housing is made in the form of box closed on all sides containing located in tiers, one above the other, and rigidly connected into a single process chain screw hollow perforated rotors, vibration exciter and elastic elements. Each rotor is composed of, at least, one perforated strip bent along straight lines arranged at equal distance from each other at equal angles to perforated strip lengthwise edges to make identical perforated parallelograms located thereon behind the bend to alternate in opposite directions from each other. Perforated strip is coiled in helical turns interconnected along lengthwise edges to make unidirectional broken helical lines and identical broken helical perforated pockets of triangular shape at outer and inner perforated surface of the rotor. Direction of helices of each lower rotor is opposite to direction of helical lines of upper rotors mounted above. Water delivery unit includes three collectors mounted inside the housing above each rotor and six branches, two of which are lead through the wall of housing inside each of three rotors. Unloading device are made in the form of slide-ways.

EFFECT: higher quality of seeds separation.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the food industry and can be used in enterprises of the canning industry.

A device for separating seeds is known (USSR AS No. 1738235, class A23N 4/12, 1992), comprising a cylindrical body provided with a screw guide, rotatably mounted and mounted therein with a hollow perforated rotor, a water supply unit, loading and unloading fixtures.

The disadvantage of this installation is the limited technological capabilities and the lack of efficiency of the separation of seeds.

Closest to the proposed invention is a device for isolating seeds (RF patent No. 2467668, class A23N 4 / 12.1, publ. 11/27/2012, bull. 23), containing a cylindrical body provided with a screw guide, mounted for rotation and installed in a hollow perforated rotor, a water supply unit, loading and unloading devices.

The disadvantage of this installation is the limited technological capabilities and the lack of efficiency of separation of seeds and large dimensions in length.

The technical solution is the expansion of technological capabilities, increasing the efficiency of seed allocation, reducing the size of the length.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that in the seed separating machine, comprising a housing and a hollow perforated rotor installed in it, a water supply unit, loading and unloading devices, the housing is made in the form of a box closed on all sides with a belt located, under each other, and connected rigidly into a single technological chain of screw hollow perforated drums, vibration exciter and elastic elements, while each drum is mounted from at least one perforated strip, bent along straight lines placed at equal distances from each other at equal angles to the longitudinal edges of the perforated strip with the formation of the same perforated parallelograms, located after bending on the perforated strip alternately in opposite directions from each other, while the perforated strip is folded into cylindrical coils connected with each other along the longitudinal edges, with the formation along the perimeter of unidirectional broken helical lines and the same broken screw perforated pockets in a triangular shape along the outer and inner perforated surface of the drum, while the direction of the helical lines of each of the below-set hollow screw perforated rotors is opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the hollow perforated rotors mounted above, and the water supply unit includes three inside the case mounted above each helical hollow perforated rotor a collector and six nozzles, two of which are inserted through the walls of the housing into each of the three screw voids s perforated rotor and unloading devices constructed in the form of slide-ways mounted within the housing at an angle to the horizontal and with perforations on slide-ways portions disposed within the housing.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows us to judge the inventive step of the proposed machine for the selection of seeds.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that when the exciter is operated, particles of crushed fruits that circulate inside the rotors rigidly fixed in the vibrating housing in planes perpendicular to their horizontal axes receive additional movement from the internal perforated surfaces of a triangular shape, which intensifies the mixing of the loading mass and increases screening performance.

The novelty also lies in the fact that under the influence of the perturbing forces of the vibrator through the walls of the box, the particles of crushed fruits rotate in planes perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the screw drums, while the screw sifting surfaces of the triangular shape of the rotors change and impart additional movement to the particles of crushed fruits, providing an increase in productivity seeds, and also move them from loading to outlet openings.

The novelty lies in the fact that such a design of the rotor allows for axial movement of particles of crushed fruits from loading to unloading with the horizontal axis of the rotor.

The novelty lies in the fact that, due to broken internal helical lines, the paths of the crushed fruits during transportation from loading to unloading change, which helps to intensify the selection of seeds and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty of the proposal also lies in the fact that inside the rotor there are formed screw perforated surfaces in the form of broken perforated triangular pockets, which intensifies the process of seed selection and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty also lies in the fact that with the same rotor diameters in the proposed design, the path length of the particles of crushed fruits is much larger than the known rotor designs, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the machine rotor both in length and in diameter, as well as contributes to the intensification of the process of seed selection and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty is that the rotor is made of at least one perforated strip, which simplifies the manufacture.

The novelty is due to the fact that along the inner surface of the rotor broken lines are formed in one direction, which extends technological capabilities and increases the speed of longitudinal movement of crushed melons.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that, since the frequency of crushed melon particles in the proposed structure is determined not only by the rotor speed, but also by the number of flat elements around its perimeter, such a design of the rotor by increasing the number of flat elements around the perimeter of the rotor increases each revolution, the frequency of collisions of crushed melons among themselves and with perforated walls of the rotor, increases the productivity of seed extraction, expands technological capabilities of life.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that such a design of the rotor allows for sequential gradual compaction and rarefaction of crushed melon melon flows as they move from loading to unloading, as well as to increase the mixing efficiency of crushed melon melon, expanding technological capabilities.

The novelty is also seen in the fact that the area and shape of the transverse and longitudinal sections of the rotor change over the entire length many times from loading to unloading, which changes the speeds and trajectories of crushed melons and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty also lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the rotor there are formed broken helical perforated screw surfaces facing each other with a variable width along the length, which provides a violation of the stationary flow of crushed melons in the rotor and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty also lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the rotor there are formed broken helical lines of the rotor directed at an angle to the axis of the rotor, while the speed of the crushed melons inside the rotor randomly pulsates at each point of their flows, therefore the crushed melons and melons inside the rotor make unsteady random movements along complex trajectories, which expands technological capabilities, provides self-cleaning of perforated faces and increases the productivity of the separation of seeds.

The novelty lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the rotor broken lines are formed, which expands the technological capabilities.

The novelty is that the twisting of each perforated strip along the cuts with beveled walls in the transverse-longitudinal direction, arranged in pairs at an angle to one another on both sides of the perforated stripes, provides an additional curvature of the surface along the perimeter of the rotor, thereby increasing the difference between the angles of inclination of the vectors the movement of crushed melons in the neighboring sections of the rotor, therefore crushed melons and melons move along complex paths, increasing the number of collisions with each other and with perforated walls of the rotor, which intensifies the process of separation of seeds, provides self-cleaning of the perforated faces of the rotor.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a machine for isolating seeds: in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 - one of three screw perforated rotors, general view; in FIG. 5 is a section BB in FIG. four; in FIG. 6 - perforated strip with marked bend lines in the form of straight lines; FIG. 7 - perforated strip, bent in straight lines with the formation of pockets of a triangular shape; FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a perforated strip folded into a cylindrical coil.

The machine for separating seeds (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) consists of means for loading 1, means for unloading seeds 2, 3, 4 and taking them out of the device, means for unloading fibers and water 5 and removing them outside the device, means for unloading the destroyed fruits 6 and withdrawing them outside the device, the box 7, installed using elastic elements 8 on the base 9. In the lower part of the box 7 mounted vibration exciter 10. The device is equipped with containers 11, 12, 13 for receiving seeds after isolating them from the fruits of melons and pumpkins, as well as Tew 14 for receiving the fibers and a water tank 15 and for receiving fruit destroyed. In the box 7, made closed on all sides, the upper perforated rotor 16 with the centers of curvature of its perforated surfaces located inside the cross-section, the middle perforated rotor 17 with the centers of curvature of its perforated surfaces located outside the transverse, mounted on top of each other and connected in a single technological chain sections, the lower perforated rotor 18 with the centers of curvature of its perforated surfaces located inside the cross section. To ensure transportation from loading to unloading fruits of melons and pumpkins, each of the rotors 16, 17, 18 can be mounted in a box 7 with a slope of 2 ° -5 ° to the side of unloading. During the operation of the vibrating device for seed extraction, continuous movement of crushed melons and pumpkin fruits from loading to unloading is provided.

The nozzle of the loading device 1 is mounted in the inlet of the upper perforated rotor 16. The outlet 19 of the upper perforated rotor 16 is closed by a lid 20, which simultaneously covers the inlet 21 of the middle perforated rotor 17 and allows the particles of crushed melons and pumpkins to move from the upper perforated rotor 16 to underlying middle perforated rotor 17, namely from the outlet 19 of the upper perforated rotor 16 into the inlet 21 of the underlying middle p torus 17. The outlet 22 of the middle perforated rotor 17 is closed by a cover 23, which simultaneously covers the inlet 24 of the underlying third perforated rotor 18, allowing the crushed melons and pumpkins to be transferred from the second middle perforated rotor 17 to the lower third screw rotor 18. Under the outlet 25 of the third screw rotor 18, an unloading device 6 is mounted for withdrawing the destroyed fruits outside the device into the container 15. For receiving seeds and removing them outside the device under the first with a screw rotor 16, a means for unloading 2 is mounted, a means for unloading 3 is mounted under a second screw rotor 17, a means for unloading is mounted under a third screw rotor 18 4. The dimensions of the perforations of rotors 16, 17, 18 are larger than the maximum size of the fruit seeds, and the cell sizes the perforated part of the means for unloading 2, 3, 4, fixed at an angle to the horizontal to the walls of the box 7, is smaller than the minimum size of the fruit seeds. Therefore, when hit on the perforated sections of the means for unloading 2, 3, 4 under the influence of vibration and tilt, the seeds are removed outside the device in the tank 11, 12, 13, and the fibers and water flow down and through the means for unloading the fibers and water 5 are removed outside the unit into a container 14 for receiving fibers and water. Means for unloading 2, 3, 4 are made in the form of slides at an angle to the horizon, and the sections of these slides 2, 3, 4 inside the box 7 are perforated, and outside the housing 7 - solid.

The vibrating device for isolating seeds is equipped with a water supply unit, including three collectors 26, 27, 28 above each rotor 16, 17, 18 and six nozzles 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34.

Screw hollow perforated rotors 14, 15, 16 are made hollow, one of which, for example 16, is shown in FIG. four.

A screw perforated rotor, for example 16 (FIG. 4), is made of at least one perforated strip 35 connected along the longitudinal edges 36 (shown in FIG. 4 by a dash-dot line) by known methods, for example, by welding, with formation along the outer and inner the surfaces of helical lines (in Fig. 4, one of the helical lines is shown by a thickened line 37-38-39-40-41-42-43-44-45-46-47-48), and screw perforated surfaces of a triangular shape (Fig. 5 ) in the form of pockets 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55.

The perforated strip 35 (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) is bent along straight lines 56 located at an equal distance L from each other and at equal angles α to the longitudinal edges 36 of the perforated strip 35 with the formation of parallelograms 57, 58, which are alternately arranged after folding opposite sides of each other.

The perforated strip 35 after bending along straight lines (Fig. 7) is folded into cylindrical coils (Fig. 8), connected to each other along the longitudinal edges 36 by known methods, for example by welding, into a screw perforated rotor 16. Thus, inside screw perforated rotors 16, 17, 18 formed screw perforated surfaces in the form of broken perforated triangular pockets 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55.

The direction of the helical lines of each half below the installed helical hollow rotor is opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the helical hollow rotor mounted above. For example, the direction of the helical lines of the rotor 17 is opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the rotor 16, and the direction of the helical lines of the rotor 18 is opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the rotor 17 (Fig. 1). Therefore, when the machine is used for seed extraction, continuous movement of crushed melons from melons from loading to unloading is provided.

Machine for the selection of seeds works as follows.

By means of a loading device 1, crushed melons, for example pumpkin, are continuously loaded into the upper rotor 16, and water flows are continuously fed through three collectors 26, 27, 28 and six nozzles 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 into the rotors and the housing 7. Under the influence of disturbing forces, the perforated rotors 16, 17, 18 transmit disturbing forces to the particles of crushed melons and water flows. Particles of crushed melons and water flows under the influence of these disturbing forces under the influence of vibration rotate in planes perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the rotors 16, 17, 18. Helical perforated walls of a triangular shape of rotors 16, 17, 18 change and give additional movements to the particles of crushed melons and water flows and provide an increase in the productivity of the selection of seeds from them, and also move particles of crushed melons and water flows from the load to the outlet, for example to the outlet 19 th rotor 16. As the advancement of crushed particles melons and water flows along a horizontal axis of the rotor 16 is released and seeds they rotor through holes 16 in the output means for discharging 2 and further beyond the vibration isolation apparatus for seeds. Under the influence of vibration and with the help of a cover 20, crushed melon particles and water flows are loaded through the opening 21 into the underlying rotor 17, along the perimeter of which there are helical lines, the direction of which is opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the upper rotor 16. With their help and under the influence of vibration, the seeds through the holes the rotor 17 are displayed in the means for unloading 3 and then beyond the limits of the vibrating device for separating seeds, and the remaining particles of crushed melons are moved to the outlet 22 and by The arms 23 are moved through the inlet 24 into the inner cavity of the rotor 18. Under the influence of vibration of the screw perforated walls of a triangular shape and helical lines around the perimeter of the rotor 18, the seeds are discharged into the means for unloading 4 and then outside the device for separating seeds, and the destroyed fruits and water flows move along the horizontal axis and through the hole 25 and with the help of the unloading device 6 are displayed outside the vibrating device for the selection of seeds.

Since the shape and area of the bore of the rotors in the seed extraction machine 17 varies, compression and rarefaction zones of melon fruit flows arise, which intensifies the selection of seeds.

The technical and economic advantages of the invention arise due to the superposition of crushed fruits from vibration in planes perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the perforated rotors due to the additional movement of the screw perforated rotors imparted by the walls of the triangular shape, which facilitate the passage of seeds through the holes of the perforated walls of the rotors and expands the technological opportunities. In the process of moving the crushed fruits from loading to unloading, their particles make a complex spatial movement, since the direction of their movement under the influence of vibration changes under the influence of the walls of the triangular shape of the rotors, which increases productivity, intensifies the process of seed selection, expands technological capabilities.

Technical appraisal and economic advantages also arise due to the reduction of the machine's dimensions along the length due to three rotors tiered on top of each other.

Claims (1)

A seed extraction machine, comprising a housing and a hollow perforated rotor installed in it, a water supply unit, loading and unloading devices, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a box closed on all sides with belts located one below the other and rigidly connected into a single the technological chain of screw hollow perforated rotors, vibration exciter and elastic elements, with each rotor mounted at least one perforated strip bent in straight lines, size spaced at equal distances from each other at equal angles to the longitudinal edges of the perforated strip with the formation of the same perforated parallelograms, located after bending on the perforated strip alternately in opposite directions from each other, while the perforated strip is folded into cylindrical coils, connected to each other along longitudinal edges, with the formation around the perimeter of unidirectional broken helical lines and the same broken helical perforated screw pockets of a triangular shape on of the inner and perforated rotor surface, the direction of the helical lines of each of the below-set hollow screw perforated rotors opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the hollow perforated rotors mounted above, and the water supply unit includes three collectors and six nozzles mounted inside the housing above each screw hollow perforated rotor , two of which are inserted through the walls of the housing into each of the three screw hollow perforated rotors, and unloading devices are made in the form of slides mounted inside the case at an angle to the horizon and with perforations in the sections of the slides located inside the case.

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