RU2580363C1 - Small-sized machine for seed separation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in enterprises of canning industry. Machine comprises housing, water delivery unit, loading and unloading devices. Housing is made in the form of box closed on all sides containing located in tiers, one above the other, and rigidly connected into a single process chain screw hollow perforated rotors, vibration exciter and elastic elements. Rotors are installed in turn one above the other and are composed of screw perforated surface with helical lines along the perimeter and helical grooves inside the rotor made at an angle of 5°-45° to the rotor rotation axis in the form of curved pockets with centers of curvature of curved pockets of helical perforated surface, located inside cross-section of rotor. Rotors are mounted from one coiled in helical turns interconnected along lengthwise edges, equal-width perforated strip bent along creases arranged at an angle to flexure lines to make outer and inner perforated surfaces directed in one direction at an angle of 5°-45° to the rotor rotation axis screw lines and helical perforated surfaces in the form of pockets which can differ along rotor perimeter both in shape and size. Note here that distance between crease lines equal the sum of inner perforated surface recess perimeter lengths. Water supply unit includes three collectors and six branches mounted inside the housing above each rotor. Unloading device is made in the form of slide-ways.

EFFECT: higher quality of seeds separation.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the food industry and can be used in enterprises of the canning industry.

The disadvantage of this installation is the limited technological capabilities.

A device for separating seeds is known (AS USSR No. 1738235, class A23N 4/12, 1992), comprising a cylindrical body provided with a helical guide, mounted for rotation, and a hollow perforated rotor installed therein, a water supply unit, a loading and unloading devices.

The disadvantage of this installation is the limited technological capabilities and the lack of efficiency of the separation of seeds.

Closest to the proposed invention is a device for isolating seeds (RF patent No. 2467668, class A23N 4 / 12.1, publ. 11/27/2012, bull. 23), containing a cylindrical body provided with a screw guide, mounted for rotation and installed in a hollow perforated rotor, a water supply unit, loading and unloading devices.

The disadvantage of this installation is the limited technological capabilities and the lack of efficiency of separation of seeds and large dimensions in length.

The technical solution is the expansion of technological capabilities, increasing the efficiency of seed allocation, reducing the size of the length.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that in a small-sized seed separating machine containing a housing and a hollow perforated rotor installed in it, a water supply unit, loading and unloading devices, the housing is made in the form of a box closed on all sides, with belts located one below the other, and rigidly connected into a single technological chain of screw hollow perforated rotors, vibration exciter and elastic elements, while screw hollow perforated rotors are installed alternately for corner under the other and made in the form of a multi-helical perforated surface with helical lines around the perimeter and helical grooves inside the rotor at an angle of 5 ° -45 ° to the axis of rotation of the rotor in the form of curved pockets with centers of curvature of the pockets of a curved shape of a screw perforated surface located inside the transverse rotor sections mounted from one rolled into cylindrical coils, connected to each other along the longitudinal edges, of a perforated strip of the same width, bent over placed along d angle to its longitudinal edges of the fold lines, with the formation on the outer and inner perforated surfaces directed to one side at an angle of 5 ° -45 ° to the axis of rotation of the rotor of the screw lines and screw perforated surfaces in the form of pockets of a curved shape, which around the perimeter of the rotor can be different not only in shape but also in size, while the distance between the fold lines is equal to the sum of the lengths of the perimeters of the geometric figures of the pockets of the inner perforated surface, and the water supply unit includes there are three collectors and six nozzles above each rotor, two of which are introduced through the walls of the body into each of the three rotors, and the unloading devices are made in the form of skids mounted inside the body at an angle to the horizon and with perforations in the skew sections located inside the body .

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows to judge about the inventive step of the proposed small-sized machine for seed separation.

The novelty is due to the fact that thanks to the internal screw perforated surfaces of a curved shape around the perimeter of the rotor, not only is the movement of crushed melons from loading to unloading with the horizontal arrangement of the rotor ensured, but also technological capabilities are expanded.

The novelty also lies in the fact that the perforated surface of the rotor is made of one or more perforated strips, which expands technological capabilities and simplifies manufacturing.

The novelty of the proposal is also due to the fact that the perforated rotor surface is made around the perimeter in the form of a multi-helical perforated screw surface with helical grooves inside and outside at an angle of 5 ° -45 °, which reduces energy costs for moving crushed melons from loading to unloading, expanding technological capabilities .

The novelty is that due to the fact that the perforated surface of the rotor is made around the perimeter in the form of a multi-helical surface with screw grooves inside and outside at an angle of 5 ° -45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the rotor in the form of pockets of a curved shape with centers of curvature of the pockets of a curved shape of a screw perforated surface located inside its cross section, the energy intensity of collisions of crushed melons and melons increases, expanding technological capabilities.

The novelty is due to the fact that the rotor is equipped with helical grooves inside at an angle to its axis in the form of pockets of curvilinear shape with centers of curvature located inside the cross section of the rotor, which ensures that the particles of crushed fruits of melons have complex spatial movement, violates the stationary nature of their movement, and ensures self-cleaning of the screening surface rotor, reduces the size of a small-sized machine for the selection of seeds along the length, expands the technological capabilities.

The novelty lies in the fact that with the same rotor diameters of the known design and the proposed rotor design, due to the presence of curved pockets in the form of semicircles, the particles of crushed melons rise significantly above the angle of repose, which expands technological capabilities and increases the yield of seeds.

The novelty lies in the fact that due to the curved internal screw perforated surfaces of the rotor, the vectors of the particle velocity of crushed melons of melons are changed during transportation from loading to unloading, which contributes to the intensification of the process of seed selection and extends technological capabilities.

The novelty is seen in the fact that the rotor is made of one perforated strip, which simplifies manufacturing and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty of the proposal also lies in the fact that inside the screw rotor with a complex internal perforated surface in the form of a combination of two curved surfaces at each point there are multidirectional components of the movement, which intensifies not only the processes of seed selection, but also expands the technological capabilities.

The novelty also lies in the fact that for the same rotor diameters of the known design and the proposed machine design in the proposed design, the scan length of the rotor diameter around the perimeter due to the perimeter of the rotor along the perimeter is much larger, therefore the path of the passage of particles of the destroyed melons in comparison with the known rotor designs are much larger, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the rotor of a small-sized machine for separating seeds, both in length and in diameter.

The novelty of the proposal also lies in the fact that around the entire perimeter of the perforated screening surface of the rotor, the passage section varies not only in shape but also in area, which provides alternate compression and expansion of the flow of crushed melon particles in each section of the perforated surface, its self-cleaning, and, therefore, increasing productivity, efficiency, reducing size and expanding technological capabilities.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that during the operation of the vibration exciter, crushed melon particles that circulate inside the belt, one below the other, rigidly fixed in the vibrating housing of the perforated rotors in planes perpendicular to their horizontal axes, receive additional movement from the internal perforated surfaces of a curved shape, which intensifies the selection of seeds from crushed melons, increases productivity, expands technical capabilities and reduces dimensions in length.

The novelty also lies in the fact that under the influence of the perturbing forces of the vibrator through the box walls, crushed melon particles rotate in planes perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the rotors, while their perforated screw surfaces change and impart additional movement to the crushed melon fruit particles, providing an increase in the performance of seed allocation as well as move them from loading to outlet openings.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that, since the frequency of movement of crushed melon particles in the proposed design is determined not only by the frequency of vibrations created by the vibrator, but also by the number of flat elements around the perimeter of the rotors, this is their design design by increasing the number of flat perforated elements in each perimeter of the rotor section increases the frequency of collisions of crushed melon particles among themselves and with the perforated walls of the rotors, increases productivity Highlighted increases the technological possibilities.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that such a design of the rotors allows for sequential gradual compaction and discharge of the particles of crushed melons and pumpkins as they move from loading to unloading, as well as to increase the efficiency of seed extraction, expanding technological capabilities.

The novelty is also seen in the fact that the area and shape of the transverse and longitudinal sections of the rotors change over the entire length many times from loading to unloading, which changes the speed and trajectory of the movement of crushed melon and pumpkin particles, and expands technological capabilities.

The novelty lies in the fact that due to the curved internal screw perforated surfaces of the rotors, the vectors of the speed of the particles of crushed melons and gourds change during transportation from load to unload, which contributes to the intensification of the process of seed selection and extends technological capabilities.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where: in FIG. 1 shows a small-sized machine for seed extraction, General view; in FIG. 2 - section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 - rotor design, general view; in FIG. 5 is a section BB in FIG. four; in FIG. 6 - perforated strip with marked straight lines of fold; in FIG. 7 - perforated strip, bent along the straight lines of the fold; in FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a perforated strip folded into a cylindrical coil.

A small-sized machine for separating seeds (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) consists of means for loading 1, means for unloading seeds 2, 3, 4 and taking them outside the unit, means for unloading fibers and water 5 and output them outside the unit, means for unloading the destroyed fruits 6 and withdrawing them outside the unit, box 7, installed using elastic elements 8 on the base 9. At the bottom of the box 7 mounted vibration exciter 10. The unit is equipped with containers 11, 12, 13 for receiving seeds after isolating them from the fruits of melons and pumpkins, and is also provided with mikost 14 for receiving fibers and water and a capacity of 15 for receiving destroyed fruits. In the box 7, made closed on all sides, the upper perforated rotor 16, the middle perforated rotor 17, the lower perforated rotor 18 are mounted under each other and connected in a single technological chain. To ensure transportation from loading to unloading the fruits of melons and pumpkins, each of the rotors 16 , 17, 18 can be mounted in the box 7 with a slope of 2 ° -5 ° in the direction of unloading. When operating a small-sized machine for seed extraction, continuous movement of crushed melons and pumpkin fruits from loading to unloading is provided.

The nozzle of the loading device 1 is mounted in the inlet of the upper perforated rotor 16. The outlet 19 of the upper perforated rotor 16 is closed by a lid 20, which simultaneously covers the inlet 21 of the middle perforated rotor 17 and allows the particles of crushed melons and pumpkins to move from the upper perforated rotor 16 to underlying middle perforated rotor 17, namely from the outlet 19 of the upper perforated rotor 16 into the inlet 21 of the underlying middle p perforated rotor 17. The outlet 22 of the middle perforated rotor 17 is closed by a cover 23, which simultaneously covers the inlet 24 of the underlying third screw rotor 18, providing the transfer of crushed melons and pumpkins from the second middle rotor 17 to the lower perforated rotor 18. Under the outlet 25 of the third perforated rotor 18, an unloading device 6 is mounted for withdrawing outside the small-sized machine to separate the seeds of the destroyed fruits into the container 15. For receiving seeds and output x outside the small-sized machine, under the first perforated rotor 16, a means for unloading 2 is mounted, under the second perforated rotor 17, a means for unloading 3 is mounted, under the third perforated rotor 18, a means for unloading is mounted 4. The dimensions of the cells of the perforations of the rotors 16, 17, 18 are larger than the maximum size seeds of fruits, and the cell sizes of the perforated part of the means for unloading 2, 3, 4, fixed at an angle to the horizontal to the walls of the box 7, are smaller than the minimum size of the seeds of the fruits. Therefore, when hit on the perforated sections of the means for unloading 2, 3, 4 under the influence of vibration and tilt, the seeds are removed outside the machine in the tank 11, 12, 13, and the fibers and water flow down and through the means for unloading the fibers and water 5 are removed outside machine into a container 14 for receiving fibers and water. Means for unloading 2, 3, 4 are made in the form of slides at an angle to the horizon, and the sections of these slides 2, 3, 4 inside the box 7 are perforated, and solid outside the case 7. To output the destroyed fruits outside the small-sized machine, an unloading device 6 is mounted, which transports them to a container 15.

The small-sized seed extraction machine is equipped with a water supply unit, including three collectors 26, 27, 28 above each rotor 16, 17, 18 and six nozzles 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34.

The perforated rotor 16 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) is made around the perimeter in the form of a multi-screw perforated surface with helical lines along the perimeter and helical grooves inside the perforated rotor 16 in the form of pockets of a curved shape at an angle of 5 ° -45 ° to the axis of rotation of the rotor 16 with the centers of curvature of the pockets of the curved shape of the screw perforated surface located inside the cross section of the perforated rotor 16. The perforated rotor 16 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) is made of at least one perforated strip 35, with united along the longitudinal edges 36 (shown in Fig. 4 by a dash-dot line) by known methods, for example, by welding, with the formation of helical lines along the outer and inner surfaces (part of one of the helical lines in Fig. 4 is shown by a thickened line 37-38-39-40- 41-42-43-44-45-46) and screw surfaces (Fig. 5) of a curved shape in the form of pockets of the inner surface of a semicircular shape 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52.

The perforated strip 35 (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) is bent along straight lines 53 at equal angles β to the edges 36 of the perforated strip 35, spaced from each other at distances equal to the scan length of the perimeter of curved pockets, for example for pockets 47, 48, 49 , 50, 51, 52 at distances L ₂ .

The perforated strip 35 after bending (Fig. 7) is rolled into cylindrical coils (Fig. 8), connected to each other along the longitudinal edges 36 by known methods, for example by welding, into a perforated rotor 16.

Perforated rotors 17 and 18 are made in a similar way, i.e. as well as perforated rotor 16.

The direction of the helical lines of each half below the installed helical hollow rotor is opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the helical hollow rotor mounted above. For example, the direction of the helical lines of the rotor 17 is opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the rotor 16, and the direction of the helical lines of the rotor 18 is opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the rotor 17 (Fig. 1). Therefore, during the operation of a small-sized machine for seed extraction, continuous movement of crushed melons from melons is ensured from loading to unloading.

A small-sized machine for separating seeds works as follows.

By means of a loading device 1, inside the upper rotor 16, crushed melons, such as pumpkins, are continuously loaded, and water flows continuously through three collectors and six nozzles into the rotors and the housing 7. Under the influence of the disturbing forces of the perforated rotors 16, 17, 18, disturbing forces are transmitted to the crushed melon and water particles. Particles of crushed melons and water flows under the influence of these disturbing forces under the influence of vibration rotate in planes perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the rotors 16, 17, 18. The screw perforated walls of the curved shape of rotors 16, 17, 18 change and give additional movements to the particles of crushed melons and water flows and provide an increase in the productivity of the allocation of seeds from them, and also move particles of crushed melons and water flows from the load to the outlet, for example to the outlet 19 of the rotor 16. As the particles of crushed melon and water flows move along the horizontal axis of the rotor 16, seeds are released, and they are discharged through the holes of the rotor 16 into the means for unloading 2 and then beyond the unit for separating seeds. Under the influence of vibration and with the help of a cover 20, crushed melon particles and water flows are loaded through the opening 21 into the underlying rotor 17, along the perimeter of which there are helical lines, the direction of which is opposite to the direction of the helical lines of the upper rotor 16. With their help and under the influence of vibration, the seeds through the holes the rotor 17 are displayed in the means for unloading 3 and then beyond the limits of a small-sized machine for seed extraction, and the remaining particles of crushed melons are moved to the outlet 22 and by means of a ki 23 are moved through the inlet 24 into the inner cavity of the rotor 18. Under the influence of vibration of the screw perforated walls of a curved shape and helical lines around the perimeter of the rotor 18, the seeds are discharged into the means for unloading 4 and then outside the small-sized machine for separating seeds, and the destroyed fruits and streams water moves along the horizontal axis and through the hole 25 and with the help of the unloading device 6 are discharged outside the small-sized machine for separating seeds.

The technical and economic advantages of the invention arise due to the superposition of crushed fruits from vibration in planes perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the perforated rotors due to the additional movement imparted by the walls of the curved shape of the perforated rotors, which facilitates the passage of seeds through the holes of the perforated walls of the rotors and expands the technological opportunities. In the process of moving the crushed fruits from loading to unloading, their particles make a complex spatial movement, since the direction of their movement under the influence of vibration changes under the influence of the walls of a curved shape of perforated rotors, productivity increases, the process of seed extraction is intensified, technological capabilities are expanded.

Claims (1)

A small-sized seed separator, comprising a housing and a hollow perforated rotor installed in it, a water supply unit, loading and unloading devices, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a box closed on all sides, with a belt located under each other, and rigidly connected into a unified technological chain of screw hollow perforated rotors, vibration exciter and elastic elements, while screw hollow perforated rotors are installed alternately under each other and They are mounted in the form of a multiple screw perforated surface with helical lines along the perimeter and helical grooves inside the rotor at an angle of 5 ° -45 ° to the axis of rotation of the rotor in the form of curved pockets with centers of curvature of the pockets of the curved shape of the screw perforated surface located inside the cross section of the rotor, mounted from one rolled into cylindrical coils connected to each other along the longitudinal edges, a perforated strip of the same width, bent over placed at an angle to its longitudinal m the edges of the fold lines, with the formation on the outer and inner perforated surfaces directed to one side at an angle of 5 ° -45 ° to the axis of rotation of the rotor of the helix and helical perforated surfaces in the form of pockets of a curved shape, which around the perimeter of the rotor can be different not only in shape, but also size, with the distance between the fold lines equal to the sum of the lengths of the perimeters of the geometric shapes of the pockets of the inner perforated surface, and the water supply unit includes mounted inside the housing above each m rotor collector three and six nozzles, two of which are inserted through the housing wall into each of the three rotors, a discharge device constructed as a slide-ways mounted within the housing at an angle to the horizontal and with perforations on slide-ways portions disposed within the housing.

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