RU2580352C2 - Press unit of continuous action for briquetting ground tailings of solid household and loose process wastes "hypocycloid" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: recycling.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to press equipment for briquetting crushed solid household or loose process wastes. Installation consists of a bed, on which there are inner and outer rotors with shifted relative to each other vertical rotation axes. Working surfaces of rotors at closure form a closed briquetting volume. Outer rotor has a disk shape and is equipped with pushers of formed briquettes, which are controlled by track former. With external rotor is attached a circular platform with pushers. Rotary drive is connected with external rotor. Inner rotor is installed with possibility of free rotation. External rotor working surface is formed by continuous row of briquetting moulds, separated by teeth. Track guide plate is arranged in form of curved line fitted on stationary cover.

EFFECT: providing higher reliability of installation and higher density of obtained briquettes.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing and disposal of solid household (MSW) and bulk technological waste.

The most common continuous briquetting presses are roller [1]. The undoubted advantages of this equipment include high productivity, and the paramount disadvantage is the very limited ability to achieve a high briquette density by increasing the specific pressing pressure, in particular for briquetting brown coal, dispersed iron-containing industrial and a number of metallurgical wastes, i.e. not less than 90 MPa, against the limit of 70 MPa on existing roller presses. In theoretical terms, this drawback was initially predetermined by the epicycloid configuration of the kinematics of the interaction of the working surfaces of the rollers with its inherent low gripping ability of the briquetted mass, limiting the speed of its compression. Such a press is not suitable as a prototype.

From the same source [1, pp. 103-104] the dependence of the briquette strength on two parameters of the pressing process is known: the straight line - on the compression speed of the briquetted mass; the inverse - from the rate of elastic expansion of the formed briquette, which has limitations in order to avoid destruction or cracking.

Most of all, these conditions are met by a hypocycloid pressing scheme with high exciting ability due to a narrower pharynx compared to rollers (the term is borrowed from the rolling area) and the length of the compression zone.

It is also important that, in the case of hypocycloid kinematics of pressing, the geometry of the zone of elastic expansion, mirroring the space (pharynx) of the compression zone, contributes not so fast as in the rollers to open the formed briquette from the point of maximum pressure, respectively, and more smooth elastic expansion. This factor will allow to a lesser extent to limit the speed of compression.

In addition, in the press of a hypocycloid configuration, the compression zone can be sufficiently sealed, which allows the loading device to be equipped with a vacuum chamber to remove structural air from the loose mass before compression (it is practiced in the extrusion production of ceramics and bricks, and more recently in the extrusion pressing of broks in metallurgy [2, 3]). This removes the time for removal of structural air from the compression zone, i.e., the actual compression of the already evacuated mass (up to 90%) will begin practically from the position of its capture by the pressing surfaces at the outlet of the loading device.

Known continuous press machine for molding products from bulk materials with a hypocycloid configuration of the kinematics of the interaction of the working surfaces of the rotors in the molding process, containing a frame, external support and internal, pressing, eccentric located one in the other in the horizontal plane with offset vertical axis of rotation from a single drive, the working surfaces of the rotors are made in the form of gear rims, forming half-press forms, closing in the process of synchronous movement Nia in a closed volume in the forming location of closest approach of the rotors. In this case, the external rotor has a dish-shaped shape and is equipped with ejectors of the formed dense products controlled by a traveling copier in the form of a guide track in the bed. The installation contains a stationary cover in the form of a plate forming the upper surface of the product (briquette) with a hatch for loading the initial mass from the feed hopper.

The patent for the described installation No. 1822359 (BI No. 22, 06/15/93) is taken as a prototype. The disadvantage of this prototype is, firstly, the complexity and cumbersomeness of multi-stage gears of a single rotor drive, having working briquette-forming surfaces in the form of semi-molds, which in the course of operation would inevitably lead to a frequent mismatch of rotor speeds with a corresponding distortion of the briquetting - even with slight wear of the gears and wrinkling of the keys on the drive shaft of the internal rotor. Another significant drawback is the issue of finished briquettes up to a level with a stationary unit cover. Manipulating the removal of briquettes moving on the ejectors with a very low initial building strength and transferring them to the site of reinforcing aging and storage is a difficult technical task with the construction of manipulators of a special design.

Another disadvantage of the prototype is the non-use of such an important resource for increasing the density of briquettes as the removal of structural air from a still loose briquetted mixture by vacuum before compression.

The technical task of the claimed invention is to simplify the design of the press unit with an increase in the operational reliability of its operation and an increase in the density of briquettes manufactured on it.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the inclusion of the following structural elements of novelty in the press installation of a hypocycloid configuration:

- the inner rotor is mounted on a vertical axis with the possibility of free rotation without a mechanical drive, its working surface is cylindrical, and the working surface of the disk-shaped external rotor is formed by a continuous annular row of full-volume briquetting molds in the body of its bead with teeth separating them;

- during the formation of the lower part of the briquette in the bottom of the outer rotor, through holes with perimeters extending the walls of each mold with the possibility of subsequent exit of the briquette down are provided;

- the installation is equipped with ejectors of finished briquettes down, spring-loaded to return to their original position, mounted on an annular platform fastened with an external rotor in the upper plane of its bead, and the ejection guide for the traveling copier is made in the form of a curved tire fixed to the stationary cover of the press;

- the bed has in the zone following the greatest convergence of the rotors in the direction of their rotation, a radial groove for the exit of the briquettes pushed down;

- the installation is equipped with a vertical screw feeder with perforated small holes in the upper part of its housing, enclosed in a vacuum chamber in the form of a cylindrical shirt, communicating through a shut-off valve with a vacuum pump.

The design of the press is illustrated in FIG. 1 is a main view, FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. 1, where: 1 - briquetting press; 1-1 - bed; 1-2 - external rotor; 1-3 - internal rotor; 1-4 - ring platform; 1-5 - stationary cover; 1-6 - spring-loaded ejectors formed briquettes; 1-7 - trip copier; 1-8 - drive rotation of the external rotor; 1-9 - supporting metal construction; 1-10 - traverse for fixing the cover 1-5; 1-11 - loading funnel; 1-12 - radial groove in the sector of pushing briquettes through the bed; 2 - screw feeder; 2-1 - a vacuum chamber; 2-2 - valve for connecting to a vacuum pump; 2-3 - fitting with a valve for introducing binder additives or moisturizing the initial mass; 3 - conveyor; 4 - ejected briquette in the fall.

In FIG. 1 plan view is conventionally marked with the cover 1-5 removed and the annular platform 1-4 with the ejectors 1-6.

The operation of the press unit.

1. Introductory explanations.

1.1. The composition of the proposed installation includes a number of devices within the boundaries between the feed hopper of the initial briquetted mass in the upper part (not shown in Fig. 1, 2) above the screw feeder 2 and receiving briquettes 4 expelled from the press 1 by conveyor 3, inclusive. Including four mechanical drives: an external rotor of a 1-2 briquetting press, a screw feeder 2, a conveyor 3, and also a shutter mouth shutter not indicated in FIG. 2 above the screw feeder. In addition, two units of shutoff valves are included in the automatic control system of the press unit: valve 2-2 for connecting the vacuum chamber 2-1 with a vacuum pump and valve 2-3 for introducing binder additives or water to moisten the briquetted mass.

1.2 The rotation of the internal pressing rotor 1-3, which is not connected to the drive device, occurs due to the arising and increasing moment of sliding friction forces between its cylindrical working surface and the briquetted mass being compressed during compression, carried away by the movement of the external rotor 1-2.

1.3 In the device of the screw feeder 2, it is possible to overcome the structural factor inherent in the proposed press installation, fraught with a significant decrease in the efficiency of its operation.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, with the optimal location of the mouth of the feed funnel 1-11, the access of the briquetted mass vertically pouring from it directly into the cavity of the molds moving through the loading position is blocked by an annular platform 1-4 carrying ejectors. It follows that with free flow of 1-11 material from the funnel, which is no longer loose, but with a binder or moistened (i.e., with a fairly steep angle of repose), the molds in rotor 1-2 would leave boot funnel empty. Further, as the working surfaces of the rotors converge, a significant part of the time instead of crimping the material would first be spent on filling the molds by moving it from the flat bottom of the outer rotor.

The closed device of the screw feeder 2 in a tight joint with the loading funnel 1-11 opens up the possibility of extruding a viscoplastic briquetted mass through the mouth of the funnel with sufficient pressure and appropriate speed. With a sufficiently dynamic collision of the flow of this mass with the bottom of the outer rotor 1-2, it is possible to achieve the effect known from the theory of absolutely inelastic shock, according to which the force momentum vector (FΔt) and, accordingly, the momentum (mV) in the direction, in our case, of the viscoplastic mass flow decomposes according to the law of conservation of momentum by a fan, mainly in the direction of the cavities of the nearest molds. The result is the desired filling of these cavities directly at the loading position.

2. The initial position of the press installation before starting work:

- a sub-hopper shutter (for example, a slide gate) above the entrance to the screw feeder in the “closed” position, and the feed hopper itself is filled with the initial briquetted mass;

- all electric drive mechanisms (screw feeder, briquetting press, vacuum pump and conveyor 3 from pressed briquettes) are disconnected from the supply wiring;

- valve 2-2 on the vacuum chamber and valve 2-3 on the housing of the screw feeder in the "closed" position.

3. End of work:

By pressing the “start” button, the drive of the conveyor 3 is turned on, then, according to the signal from the sensor of the conveyor 3, the drives of the briquetting press and the screw feeder are simultaneously turned on, then, according to the signal from the sensor of rotation of the screw in the feeder 2, the vacuum pump drive is turned on and at the same time the sub-hopper valve opens a vacuum chamber and a valve for introducing a binder or water.

4. End of work:

- by pressing the “stop” operation, the briquetted mass from the feed hopper is stopped entering the screw feeder by closing the sub-hopper shutter;

- further, according to the signal of the measuring ammeter about a decrease in the current in the electric drive of the screw feeder to the level of lack of loading in it, the drives of the vacuum pump and screw feeder are simultaneously turned off, and valve 2-2 and valve 2-3 are closed;

- by the signal of the measuring ammeter about a decrease in current in the press electric drive to the idle level, it is turned off.

The conveyor drive is turned off by the operator visually, depending on its length and purpose (only transportation or combination with the initial hardening of briquettes).

The technical result of the claimed combination of essential features of the invention is to simplify the design of the press unit with an increase in the operational reliability of its operation and an increase in the density of briquettes made on it.

Used literature

1. Elishevich A.T. Briquetting of minerals. Textbook for high schools. - M .: Nedra, 1989 .-- 300 p.

2. Kurunov I.F. Bizhanov A.M. (NLMK OJSC, J.C. Steele and Sons, Inc, USA). Rigid vacuum extrusion STEELE - a promising method of sintering metallurgical raw materials and waste // Bulletin of OJSC "Chermetinformatsiya", 2012. Issue 4. P.46-49.

3. Yogesh K. Dalmia, I.F. Kurunov, R.B. Steele, A.M. Bizhanov. Production and use in blast furnace smelting of new generation briquettes // Metallurg. 2012. No3. C 39-41.

Claims (2)

1. A continuous press for briquetting crushed solid household or bulk technological waste, containing a bed on which in the horizontal plane there are external and internal rotors with vertical axes of rotation offset relative to each other, a rotation drive, a feed hopper for briquetted mass, and a stationary cover in the form of a plate with a hatch for loading the briquetted mass from the feed hopper, while the working surfaces of the external and internal rotors are made with the possibility of formation when closing in the zone of their closest convergence of the closed briquetting volume, and the external rotor is made in a plate shape with a bottom and side and is equipped with ejectors of formed briquettes made with the possibility of control by means of a traveling copier, characterized in that it is equipped with an annular platform bonded to the external a rotor in the upper plane of its side, on which with the possibility of pushing the formed briquettes downward mounted ejectors, spring-loaded to return them the initial position, while the rotation drive is connected to the external rotor, and the internal rotor is installed with the possibility of free rotation and is made with a cylindrical working surface, the working surface of the external rotor is formed by a continuous series of briquetting molds located on its board, separated by teeth, the bottom of the external rotor is made with through holes for forming the lower part of the briquette, configured to provide the output of the formed briquette down, the track copier is made in the form and a curved tire mounted on a stationary cover, and the bed is made with a radial groove for the exit of the formed briquette pushed down, located in the zone located behind the zone of the greatest convergence of the rotors in the direction of their rotation. 2. A press installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a loading funnel and a vertical screw feeder connected to it with a housing, the upper part of which is made with holes and placed in a cylindrical vacuum chamber communicated through a shut-off valve with a vacuum pump, In this case, the screw feeder housing is equipped with a fitting with a valve located below the vacuum chamber for introducing binders or moisturizing waste.

Images