RU2579182C1 - Drying system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction of irrigation and drainage network and can be used to automatically control groundwater level in closed drainage-humidification systems. Drainage system includes a local drainage system disposed in a closed loop. Beginning of radial drain 3 is connected to drainage system, second ends of device are removed in direction of well-gatherer 4 different levels with radial drains 3, 5 forming outputs in well-collector 4. Well-collector 4 is connected to water inlet, made in the form of an open channel 6 through receiving hole conducting relief pipe 7 and mouth 8. Blow conductive tube 7 includes regulating output structure, which includes an elongated bellows 10 attached to vertical pipe 9 in form of a welded hull. Bellows 10 consists of rigid ring 12 and bellows 13 of elastic material. Bellows 10 is fixed to lever 14 with a short drain pipe, having a diameter smaller than diameter of bellows 10, 15 provided with clamping rails. Drain pipe 11 with bellows 10 are attached at their upper ends to a hinge-link mechanism comprising a float-load 19 disposed in additional working chamber 20 with partition wall 21 of well-4 collector. Partition wall 21 is installed with a gap relative to bottom of well-collector. Bottom of vertical pipe is provided with pipe 22 with valve 23.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of operation and reduced material consumption.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to irrigation and drainage drainage network construction and can be used to automatically control the groundwater level in closed drainage and humidification systems.

A known drainage system, including drains and a corrector, at the mouth of which a storage tank with a siphon is located in the drainage well, the siphon knee is installed at a mark corresponding to the critical groundwater depth for the soil-climatic and hydrological conditions of the region in which the drainage system is located (RU Patent No. 2076918, ЕВВ 11/00 dated 04/10/1987).

The advantage of this method of constructing a drainage system is to reduce the flow of mineralized collector-drainage water to water sources.

The disadvantages of the drainage system include the installation of drainage wells at the junction of drains with a closed collector, which do not allow flexible regulation of the drainage network. In addition, it cannot control the downstream end of the drainage well, which means that it cannot be used in the cascade of a closed drainage circuit with low drainage areas. Moreover, during operation, it does not seem possible to accurately and flexibly control the level of groundwater, which negatively affects the drained areas from surface and groundwater.

A known drainage system, including drains, a collector, a sealed storage tank with an air valve, siphon, inlet and outlet pipes, a siphon crest is made no higher than the upper storage tank, and an inlet pipe is connected to the storage tank below the siphon crest by Δh, which is determined by the formula (Copyright certificate SU No. 1523632, ЕОВВ 11/00 dated 11/23/1989).

The disadvantage of this system is the installation of a storage tank in places of drains with a closed collector; it does not allow the flexible use of a drainage network in a cascade of a large closed loop of drains with low areas of drained lands. In addition, the low efficiency and reliability of the network due to the numerous points of connection of the drainage pipe along the length of the collector pipes with the storage tank. Moreover, the need for additional costs in the construction of collectors, a large amount of earthwork, the need for costs to restore the external soil fertility, requires hydraulic calculation to install the storage tank. In addition, it does not seem possible to accurately and flexibly regulate groundwater, which negatively affects the productivity of agricultural crops. cultures.

The closest analogue to be taken as a prototype is a method of draining soil by drainage, including the formation of mine wells, drilling from the lower parts of the last pairs of oncoming horizontal wells, bypassing the ground water between the pairs of wells and removing them, while drilling pairs of oncoming wells, their end sections are located at different levels, the equipment of the latter is also provided with water inlets, and during the water drainage, each downstream oncoming well is vacuumized, with the location of the end sites are within their effective range (Copyright certificate SU No. 1715985, E02D 19/10, E02F 5/18 of 02.29.1992).

However, the use of the device is not associated with irrigation and drainage network construction in the drainage zone, i.e. in the known device it is noted that in the analogue mine wells with horizontal horizontal wells are arranged, drilling is used, a pump is installed for pumping groundwater.

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty of performing beam drilling using special mechanized equipment for these works and, as a result, the large capital costs for the construction of such a system, and the high energy consumption of the device. In addition, it does not seem possible to accurately and flexibly regulate groundwater, which negatively affects crop yields.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to increase work efficiency and expand operational capabilities in the work by maintaining a given difference between the water levels in the collector well and the drains.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the drainage system, including the well with radiation drains and the water intake, while the well and the water intake are located at different levels, the water intake is made by an open channel connected by means of a conductive discharge pipe to the collector well with radiation drains, the regulatory structure, placed at the end of the conductive discharge pipe above the open channel, made by a vertical pipe with an adjustable bellows, a short spillway, providing free the outflow of drainage water into the open channel, while the bellows and the spillway are pivotally connected to the end of the lever in the form of a drive connected with the load-float, the lever is connected by the middle part to the side of the collector well, and its other end is equipped with a load-float with the possibility vertical movement relative to the movement of the bellows with the spillway to the opposite, the regulating structure with the collector well are arranged in sequential order, while the collector well is additionally nabzhen working chamber with load-float and the partition is installed with a gap relative to the bottom-of the collector well, wherein the vertical pipe in its lower part is provided with a relief valve pipe.

In addition, a short spillway is made with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the bellows.

Such a drainage system makes it possible to improve the drainage of surface and groundwater through the drainage system to waterlogged areas and closed depressions, for example, during the construction of residential complexes, industrial and industrial buildings on massifs, as well as waterlogged land reclamation areas that cannot be drained by traditional horizontal drainage systems using open channels . All this taken together will eliminate the use of large collector pipes for collecting from drains, inspection wells along the length of the collectors, as a result of which siltation of drains is reduced, which means savings in capital investments aimed at cleaning them, and also preserves soil fertility. In addition, it provides accurate and reliable maintenance of groundwater levels, as well as flexible and differentiated setting of levels in drained areas in closed lowering circuits depending on weather conditions.

In this regard, it is necessary to provide for the optimal ratios and mutual influences of the entire system as a whole.

The practical operability of the proposed system is obvious and it fits into the relief and climatic zones of different regions of the country, for example, the Moscow region, Ryazan region, etc., its reconstruction for the construction and reclamation of drainage lands.

So, the analysis of the revealed information about the current level of technology in this field and the essence of the proposed invention showed that the latter meets the patentability criterion of "novelty."

Thus, the claimed combination of essential features of the invention provides a new technical result in all cases to which the claimed legal protection applies.

In the course of the analysis, the applicant searches for information in the field of drainage systems found some distinctive features of the claimed invention among the well-known objects of the same purpose. However, the set of essential features of the present invention, contributing to the achievement of a new technical result, and its effect on the subsequent from the existing level of technology, is not found.

It is the combination of essential distinguishing features that allows to obtain a new technical result - improving work efficiency and expanding operational capabilities in work by maintaining a given difference between the water levels in the collector well and drainage, and ecological harmony with the natural environment.

Therefore, the present invention has such a patentability criterion as "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated using the drawing.

In FIG. 1 - shows a drainage system, plan; in FIG. 2 is a connection diagram of a collector well with a control bellows with a linkage mechanism, section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - presents an embodiment of a control valve connected to a lever-articulated mechanism; in FIG. 4 - shows an embodiment of a regulating locking element in the form of a pivotally mounted and fixed plate.

The drainage system includes a local drainage system 1, located in a closed circuit 2 with filter filling by known filling methods having a given filter coefficient for the project. The beginning of the radial drains 3 is connected to the drainage system 1, the second ends of which are diverted to the side of the collector well 4 at different levels, forming outlets 5 in the collector well 4. Moreover, each drain has its own outlet in the collector well 4, which are laid at the mark below the angle of rotation of the beam drain 3 closest to the open channel 6 in order to reduce the depth of the open channel 6. The rotation angle of the drain 3 is taken so that it is possible to flush it in case of siltation. The collector well 4 is connected to the open channel 6 through the receiving hole of the discharge conductive pipe 7 and the mouth 8.

The discharge conductive pipe 7 at the outlet includes a control structure, which includes a vertical pipe 9 in the form of a welded body. On the head of the vertical pipe 9 connecting the discharge conductive pipe 7, a bellows 10 with a short spillway 11 is installed. The bellows 10 consists of rigid rings 12 and a corrugated cover 13 of elastic material. The bellows 10 is attached to the lever 14 with a short spillway 11 having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the bellows 10 provided with pressure rails 15. The spillway 11 (spillway) with the bellows 10 is attached with its upper ends to the articulated link mechanism in the form of a lever 14 the swing arm 16 with the axis of rotation 17, the arm 18 with the cargo float 19 located in the additional working chamber 20 of the collector well 4 with a dividing wall 21 of the required height and with the possibility of its vertical movement in front of the exits 5 l urea drain 3 above the bottom of the collector well 4. The spill pipe 11 can be equipped with a top mount in the form of a strap (not shown in the drawing for simplification) connected to the lever 14. The vertical pipe 9 in its lower part is equipped with a drain pipe 22 with a valve 23. The lever 16 in the form of a rocker arm is pivotally mounted on a rack with an axis of rotation 17 between the mouth 8 and the collector well 4.

According to an embodiment (Fig. 3), the end of the pipe 24 of the discharge conductive pipe 7 is made with a beveled end with a locking member in the form of a valve 25 with an axis of rotation 26 by means of hinges 27, 28, 29 connected with levers 14, 16, 18 with a load 19, the latter is placed in an additional stilling chamber 20 of the collector well 4 with a wall 21. The cargo float 19 can be height-adjustable (not shown in the drawing) and is determined by the appropriate hydraulic calculation based on the conditions for creating the necessary water speeds in drains, echivayuschih wash and remove sediment of these and other compounds.

According to an embodiment (Fig. 4), the end of the branch pipe 24 of the discharge conductive pipe 7 comprises a shut-off element in the form of a valve 30 with a horizontal axis of rotation 31 and an adjustable limiter of the degree of opening 32. The control limiter 32 is connected to the sensing element in the form of a spring 33 fixed to the upper edge valve 30 (plate). Moreover, the control limiter 32 is fixed in the form of a screw-nut to the L-shaped plate 34, located above the drain pipe 24, attached to the outside of the discharge conductive pipe 7 from the mouth 8. The drain pipe 24 is connected to the valve 30 so that the oblique cut 35 the pipe 24 comes into contact with the latter with the possibility of closing the outlet of the drain pipe 24. An oblique section of the outlet pipe 24 can be made with an angle of 25 ... 30 ° to the horizontal, which allows the valve 30 to open to the upper position under the action of hydrostatic pressure from the side of the water level difference in the collector well 4. The flexible connection between the valve 30 and the L-shaped plate 34 is made in the form of a sleeve of flexible reclamation fabric, in the cavity of which a spring 33 (sensing element) is placed.

The drainage system operates as follows.

With excessive natural moisture, water into the radiation drain 3 enters through a locally drainage system 1 from closed depressions 2 through known filtering materials for filling or using light industry waste materials located under arable or other horizon of the drained area, in particular sand, gravel, slag or synthetic waste. Radial drains 3 divert water to the collector well 4 through outlets 5. The individual output of different level ray drains 3 to the collector well 4 is limited by a dividing wall 21 to eliminate disturbances on the water surface in an additional still chamber 20 with a float load 19. Moreover, the amount of water coming from the drain 1 to the collector well 4 and the flow of water into the additional working chamber 20 (soothing) with the cargo float 19, is regulated by the height of the well 4 by moving the dividing wall 21, i.e. depending on the fluctuations in the flow of water from the drain 1, which ensures reliable and stable operation of the cargo-float 19 in front of the inlet of the discharge conductive pipe 7 and then drain into the open channel 6. As a result, the inertia of the flow of water into the additional chamber 20 with the load decreases -float 19.

In (Fig. 1, 2), the vertical pipe 9 is made of a welded body, to which an elongated bellows 10 is fixed from rigid rings 12 with corrugation 13 and an extended state, as water is filled in the collector well 4, the corrugation 13 is compressed due to the emergence of the load- a float 19, the pressure of which is transmitted by means of a lever-hinge mechanism to the spill pipe 11 (spillway). This happens until the level in the collector well 4 decreases to the mark of the opening of the discharge conductive pipe 7 - the discharge of water ends. As the collector well 4 is filled, the water level rises again, the cargo float 19 rises, and the spillway 11 and the bellows 10 are lowered. For cases of emptying from water or washing sediment of the vertical pipe 9 with these elements open valve 23 on the tube 22 and discharge the water with sediment into the open channel 6.

In the absence of water in the collector well 4, the cargo float 19 occupies an extremely low position, about the end of the bellows 10 with the overflow pipe 11 being in the upper position above the vertical pipe 9. Then, drainage water accumulates in the collector well 4. As water accumulates in additional working chamber 20, the cargo float 19 rises, respectively, the water enters the discharge conductive pipe 7, compressing the bellows 10, and passes the excess flow through the spill pipe 11 (spillway).

The increase in costs coming from multilevel radial drains 3 causes further filling of the additional working chamber 20, associated with the collector well 4 with a dividing wall 21 (cantilever), respectively, a greater compression of the bellows 10 with a spillway 11 and the excess discharge into the open channel 6. Thus Thus, the bellows is compressed the more, the greater the excess flow rate, requiring passage through the waste conducting pipe 7. At the same time, the water level in the working chamber 20 of the storage tank 4 remains constant.

Thus, as a result of applying the principle of a self-balancing additional working chamber 20 with the load-float 19 of the water level in the collector well 4, the discharge flow rate is interconnected. Due to this, the design has the ability to control and self-adjust for drainage system 1, which is very important in operation, since the drainage system responds to changes in the outflow of water from drains during operation and performs adjustment automatically.

The volume of the float W, the lifting force of which P _{in is} balanced by the tensile weight of the bellows 11 with a spillway 11.

Based on the scheme of the main first embodiment (Fig. 2), we can write:

,

,

where R _p - the resultant of the pressure forces on the float (19);

P is the resultant of the pressure forces of the effluent jet from the spillway (11);

и

- соответствующие плечи сил Р_п и Р.G ₁ and G ₂ - respectively, the weight of the left and right parts of the mobile system;

and

- the corresponding shoulders of forces R _p and R.

The force P _p can be expressed by the dependence P _p = γW, where W is the volume of the float; γ volumetric weight of water.

The dimensions of the float 19 are calculated according to dependencies known from hydraulics.

The advantages of execution (Fig. 1) include simplicity, lightness, low material consumption of bellows elements (rings, spillway and cover can be made of modern polymer materials).

According to an embodiment (Fig. 3), the valve 25, both lowering and rising on the axis of rotation during operation of the drain pipe 24, occurs by means of a linkage mechanism, the float 19 rises above the water level mark above the inlet of the discharge conducting pipe 7, following the water level when filling the collector well 4. Valve 25 is in the open position. When lowering the water level in the collector well 4, the float 19 lowers again, the valve 25 closes and the cycle repeats.

According to an embodiment (Fig. 4), the valve 30 is closed. The flow of water from the collector well 4 through the waste conducting pipe 7 rushes into the drain pipe 24. As the collector well 4 is filled, the water level rises. Having reached a given pressure in the collector well 4, the water exerts hydrostatic pressure on the position of the valve 30, opening it, compressing the spring 33 (sensing element). Water is discharged into the open channel 6. When the water level in the collector well 4 decreases, the valve 30 is lowered by unloading the spring 34, reducing the discharge of water into the open channel 6.

The individual exit of each radial drain 3 to the collector well 4 provides control over the operation of the network as a whole.

The value of the cut angle at an angle of 25 ... 30 ° to the horizon of the end of the drain pipe 24 should be provided during the design and development work, as well as the development of valves 25 and 30, respectively, with rotation axes 26 and 31 to the end of the pipe 24. Valve 30, rotating around axis 31, rises, compressing the spring 33 to the stop with the L-shaped plate 34 with a fixed control limiter of the degree of opening 32.

According to the embodiment (Fig. 3), the parameter of the spring 33 (its rigidity) is selected so that the regulating body of position 32 only affects the adjustment along the length of the spring 33 at the moment of communication with the pulse valve 30 to open the outlet of the drain pipe 24, and connection with the water level in the collector well 4 above the mark above the hole of the discharge conductive pipe 7.

The same methods are used for calculating radiation drains as for calculating structures designed to receive ordinary groundwater.

The use of the present invention makes it possible to automatically discharge water from waterlogged sections of a closed circuit with decreases, and in many cases to exclude labor-intensive and ineffective operation in such relief and climatic zones from the technology of collector installation as using waste facilities and to exclude manual labor.

The effectiveness of the proposed system also lies in the fact that the design of waste devices with new elements includes: simplicity, lightness, low material consumption of the elements of the well and shut-off element, the progressiveness of structural elements and materials that can be made of polymeric materials, the reliability and accuracy of maintaining ground levels in drains with the provision of differentiated regulation of predetermined levels in the collector well.

Claims (2)

1. A drainage system, including a well with radiation drains and a water intake, wherein the well and water intake are located at different levels, characterized in that the water intake is made by an open channel connected by means of a conductive discharge pipe to a collector well with radiation drains, which regulates the structure, which is located at the end of the conductive discharge pipe above the open channel and is made up of a vertical pipe with an adjustable bellows, a short overflow pipe providing free flow of drainage water s into the open channel, while the bellows and the spillway are pivotally connected to the end of the lever in the form of an actuator connected with the load-float, the lever is connected by the middle part to the side of the collector well, and its other end is equipped with the load-float with the possibility of vertical movement relative to the movement of the bellows with the spillway to the opposite, the control structure with the collector well are arranged in sequential order, while the collector well is additionally equipped with a working chamber with the cargo-float and the separation wall is installed with a gap relative to the bottom of the collector well, and the vertical pipe in its lower part is equipped with a discharge pipe with a valve. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the short spillway is made with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the bellows.

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