RU2575195C2 - Method to construct small hydraulic power plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic power engineering, namely to methods of using water resources of plain rivers, and may be used in construction of small hydraulic power plants. The method includes construction of a drainage channel 3 on a sloping coast 2 along a dam 11, and this channel is coupled in a lower reach with a river 1. On a steep coast 7 in areas of undesirable floods of territories they build protective dams 10 and systems of drains and sewages 8, which are connected to the drainage channel 3 of the sloping coast 2 by means of pipelines 6, laid along the bottom of the river 1, thus completing preparation for construction of the solid dam 11 for narrowing of the river bed 1. They build a dam 14 and complete construction of the dam 11, coupling in the lower reach with the dam 14. After that they complete construction of the dam 14 and the building of the hydraulic power plant.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce areas of alienated territories, which reduces environmental disturbances in a river basin, and also provides for generation of hydraulic energy at large rivers with usage of their channels or specially erected channels at minimum damage for territories adjacent to the river and accelerated time of erection of plain hydraulic power plants.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydropower, and in particular to methods of using water resources of lowland rivers, and can be used in the construction of small hydropower plants.

A known method of erecting small hydropower plants according to patent SU 1645359, including the construction of a cascade of platinum with all the necessary structures for passage of ships, water discharge, and hydroelectric power plants, the construction of longitudinal dams on both sides of the river channel, adjacent bottom ends to dams from the side of their upper faces and protect adjacent territory from flooding. Parallel to the dams on the other side of the river, canals are run, the mouths of which mate with the river between the lower faces of the dams and the upper ends of the longitudinal dams, while the mouths of the river tributaries are connected to the canals, and the lands adjacent to the canals are cultivated. A reservoir forms between the dams. This method is taken as a prototype. River tributaries of the right and left banks are discharged into the drainage channels of the right and left banks. The method was originally intended to create a reserve of water used for irrigation of territories. The liberated territory after narrowing of the river bed is cultivated.

This method requires high capital costs and a long construction period, because provides for the construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power plants. Each hydroelectric power station consists of two dams, two dams, two drainage channels and will require a large number of service personnel, which will significantly increase operating costs for maintaining hydroelectric power stations and generating hydroelectric power.

The presence of a low pressure of water created by dams, the creation of several successively located hydroelectric power stations will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of working turbines, as a result, will reduce the amount of generated electricity.

The objective of the invention is to accelerate the construction of flat hydroelectric power plants, reduce capital costs for their construction and operation, as well as increase the efficiency of the power plant.

The essence of the claimed technical solution.

The prototype involves narrowing the riverbed by building two dams to narrow the channel. In our case, one longitudinal continuous dam is built on the left bank. There is no need to build a second continuous dam on the right bank due to the steepness of the right bank. On the right bank, the dams are not solid, but only in places of possible flooding, for example, to protect settlements.

In the prototype, long drainage canals are built behind dams, in the proposed technical solution, an extended drainage canal is built only on the left bank, and on the right bank, the long drainage channel is replaced by storm sewers with slopes, drains from settlements that protect protective dams from flooding, which perform the function of protection against flooding of only this territory from the river. As a rule, settlements are located along the banks of river tributaries; drains and storm sewers are brought into these tributaries.

The tributaries of the left bank are discharged into an extended canal, the tributaries of the right bank are discharged by drainage pipelines laid across the river along the bottom to the drainage channel of the left bank as well.

A new technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of building small hydropower plants, including the construction of a dam and narrowing the river flow by building a longitudinal dam on the left bank of the river, mating a dam with a dam in the lower pool and a drainage channel along it with the river. On the right bank of the river, dams are built only in places of possible flooding, before which storm sewers and drains are laid from the side of the villages and sent to tributaries of the right bank of the river, which are piped along the bottom of the river to the drainage channel of the left bank. The proposed method allows you to:

1. To accelerate the construction and reduce capital costs by eliminating the construction of a second continuous dam and a second drainage channel, which was previously built along the right bank of the river. Construction costs are almost 1/3 lower, because one dam, one drainage channel, one building of a hydroelectric power station, one dam are being built;

2. To reduce the cost of operating a hydropower plant by reducing the number of staff;

3. To increase the efficiency of the hydroelectric power station by increasing the efficiency of working turbines.

On the released territory from the narrowing of the river bed, you can build highways, a water channel. In cases where it is not possible to narrow the riverbed due to the high speed of the river flow, a high degree of population of the banks, you can combine the water supply canal, road and dam in one design. At the same time, the newly constructed road will pass by cities and towns, to which only branches can be completed, which will have a beneficial effect on the ecology of cities and towns.

In addition, the land area allocated to the reservoir is significantly reduced.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a section of the river basin (top view), which schematically shows the river - 1, left bank - 2, drainage channel - 3, crossings-bridges through the drainage channel - 4, tributaries of the left bank - 5, drainage pipelines - 6, right bank - 7, storm sewers and drains - 8, inflow of the right bank - 9, dam of the right bank - 10, dam of the left bank - 11, island - 12, bridge - 13, dam - 14, river branches - 15, 16, temporary dams - 17, the drainage section is 18, the dam of overlap is 19, the channel for transporting water is 20, the highway is 21.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the location of the dam, in the context, in flat areas, where the shore is 2, the storm drainage channel is 3, the road is 21, the water channel is 20, the dam is 11, and the river is 1.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the location of the dam in the context of populated areas, where the high flow rate and the height of the right bank of the river are more than 50 m: shore - 2, storm drainage channel - 3, roads - 21, water supply channel - 20, dam - 11, river - one.

A detailed description of the method from start to finish.

The method is as follows (Fig. 1). It is known that under the influence of the Coriolis force caused by the rotation of the earth, the right banks of the rivers in the northern hemisphere are steeper, because Coriolis force is directed to the right of the movement and the right bank of the river is washed by the flow of water more intensively. In the southern hemisphere, everything happens the other way around.

In the northern or southern hemisphere, a plain river - 1 with a cost-effective water flow, with a drop in the lower and upper pools of at least 5 m is chosen.

In the northern hemisphere, along the left bank - 2, a drainage channel - 3 is being built, which is mated in the downstream with the riverbed - 1, while providing transport to the riverbed - 1, by organizing bridge crossings - 4 through the drainage channel - 3. Redirect the drain tributaries - 5 left banks to the drainage channel - 3. Lay drainage pipes - 6 from the right bank - 7 to the left - 2 before connecting to the drainage channel - 3. Mount storm sewers with drains - 8 from territories not intended for flooding on the right bank - 7, and output into the tributaries of the right bank - 9, which are connected to the drainage pipelines - 6 to the drainage channel - 3 left banks. To protect the territories on the right bank - 7, not intended for flooding, build a dam - 10.

They narrow the river flow through the construction of the dam - 11, which is built to the island - 12, and after the construction of the bridge - 13 on the island - 12.

For the construction of dam - 14, a section of the river - 1 is chosen, where the riverbed goes around an obstacle and forms an island - 12, being divided into two branches - 15 and 16.

They deepen, strengthen the river bed, sleeve 16, which will switch the entire stream of the river, 1, bring it up to the size of the main river channel, 1. Cover it with temporary dams, 17 the river bed, sleeve 15, drain the site 18 sleeves 15, build dam - 14 and complete the construction of dam - 11, mating with dam - 14. After completion of the dam - 14 and the hydroelectric power station building, temporary dams - 17 are destroyed by pyrotechnic charges. They block the riverbed of the sleeves - 16, the dam with overlap - 19, in the future it can be used for shipping or the construction of the second block of the hydroelectric power station.

1. To reduce the cost of the project, increase the rate of return on the project, the freed territory from narrowing of the river bed is 1, during the construction of the dam - 3, to narrow the river bed - 1, it is proposed to use it for:

- transportation of water through the channel - 20;

- movement of vehicles, highway construction - 21.

2. The construction of the drainage channel, dam, water channel, highway to carry out in an industrial way:

- maximize the use of elements of factory readiness;

- dump the dam in a modern way, i.e. in the absence of nearby deposits of pebble, rock, clay, etc. take soil from the opposite shore, transporting it with conveyor lines mounted on pontoons, which serve as a temporary bridge;

- lay the pipeline along the bottom of the river using pontoons, cranes, winches.

The figure 2 shows a horizontal section of the layout of the nodes of the hydroelectric power station, free space for construction: 2 - left bank, 3 - drainage channel, 21 - road, 20 - channel for transporting water, 11 - dam.

Figure 3 shows a horizontal section when it will not be possible to narrow the river bed, due to the high speed of the water flow, and on the opposite bank of the cliff more than 50 meters high, the population of the river banks is high, in this case: 2 are built on the river bank a drainage channel - 3, a highway - 21 is built on a dam, a water transport channel - 20 is built in a dam - 11.

An example implementation of the method.

A striking example of the method is the construction of the Irkutsk and Bratsk hydroelectric power stations. This refers to the construction of the Irkutsk and Bratsk reservoirs. The construction of the new Usolskaya hydroelectric power station is a natural continuation of the Angarsk hydroelectric power station chain, with the only difference being that these hydroelectric power plants were built in canyons, and we artificially build such a canyon. It is proposed to begin the construction of a branch canal to start leading along the left bank of the Angara River from the village of Malaya Topka, under the city of Irkutsk 2, and to complete at the Bolshoi island, which is outside the city of Usolye, then the length of the left bank dam will be approximately 100 kilometers . On the right bank of the dam, in the areas of the settlements “Ust-Kuda”, “Ust-Boley”, “Usolye-Zhilkino”, on the stretch of the river from the village of “Malaya Topka” to the village of “Ust-Kuda”, the banks are strengthened by dams on both sides of the river if it is not possible to free the floodplain territories and coasts from the population. Estimated estimated capacity of hydroelectric power plants is 3 × 10 ⁹ kW / h.

On the released territory, you can build a canal for supplying clean water from Lake Baikal to the city of Angarsk and the city of Usolye.

The method of using the water resources of lowland rivers is implemented as follows: a cascade of dams is built on the river, to reduce the alienated territories, the water flow is narrowed, for which longitudinal dams are built along the banks, adjacent to the dams at the bottom points. Along the dams, canals are built adjacent to the river in the lower reaches.

The purpose of the invention: the reduction of environmental disturbances in the river basin by reducing the area of alienated territories. Using the claimed solution in comparison with all known means of a similar purpose ensures the generation of hydroelectric power on large rivers with the use of their channels or specially constructed channels with minimal economic damage to territories adjacent to the river and minimal economic costs for construction.

Claims (1)

A method of constructing small hydropower plants, including the construction of a drainage channel along a dam on a gentle bank, mated in a downstream with a river, characterized in that on a steep bank in places of undesirable flooding of territories, protective dams and systems of drains and sewers that are connected to the drainage channel of the hollow shore are built by means of pipelines laid along the bottom of the river, thereby completing preparations for the construction of a continuous dam to narrow the river bed, connected to the dam in the downstream, and then completing the construction of the dam and the hydroelectric power station.

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