RU2412302C2 - Construction method of midget hydroelectric power plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: construction method of midget hydroelectric power plants involves erection of hydraulic units converting the river flow energy to electric one. Hydraulic units are erected in the form of solid units representing hydraulic rams in which there created are pressure oscillations induced with hydraulic impacts, and linear electric generators the movable magnetic cores of which are connected by means of rigid stocks to valve pistons of hydraulic rams for conversion of water pressure oscillations in them to oscillations of magnetic cores of electric generators. Hydraulic units, namely hydraulic rams, are placed according to river water level, thus creating artificial threshold-water drain providing additional water pressure before hydraulic units. ^ EFFECT: reducing capital investments at construction of electric power station without causing ecological damage. ^ 4 cl

Description

The invention relates to hydropower, and in particular to methods of using the water resources of lowland rivers to generate electrical energy.

A known method of using water resources of lowland rivers, including the construction of cascade dams on rivers with water consumers, which is characterized by the fact that in order to reduce environmental disruptions in the river basin by reducing the area of the alienated territories, the river flow is narrowed in terms of by erecting on the banks on both sides of the channel rivers of longitudinal dams adjoining the lower ends to dams from the side of their top faces, and in parallel to the dams on their other side from the river, channels are made, the mouths of which are mated the river between the downstream face of dams and levees riding longitudinal ends, wherein the mouth is connected to the tributary channels and the surrounding areas to produce channels cultivation lands cm. AS USSR 1645359, E02B 9/00.

This method requires large capital investments and a long construction period, as it involves the construction of a cascade of dams.

A known method for the construction of hydroelectric power plants on lowland rivers, including the placement on the banks along the river course of a combination of hydroelectric power plants interconnected by water conduits and gates, which is characterized by the fact that in order to reduce environmental damage, hydroelectric power plants are made damless and provide downstream pools located on the shore, while hydroelectric turbines are installed below the bottom of the river at the location of hydroelectric power plants at a depth of 8 m, and water conduits are laid along the bottom rivers and perform siphon (see RF patent 2002888, E02B 9/00).

By the greatest number of similar features and achieved by using the result, this technical solution is selected as the prototype of the present invention.

The disadvantages of the prototype, which does not allow us to achieve our goal, are the complexity of the design of the hydraulic unit, due to the need to use massive hydraulic turbines to convert the mechanical energy of the water flow into electrical energy, the need to deepen the turbines on average 8 m below the bottom of the river, and the need to use long siphon pipelines laying them along the bottom of a reservoir and onshore basins of the lower pool, which makes this method capital-intensive and expensive.

The basis of the present invention is the goal and solution of the problem of creating a simple and non-capital-intensive construction method, providing hydroelectric power generation with minimal environmental damage to the territories adjacent to the river.

According to the invention, the above goal is achieved due to the fact that the method of construction of small hydroelectric power plants, including the construction of hydraulic units that convert the energy of the river flow into electricity, is characterized in that the hydraulic units are constructed in the form of single solid blocks, which are hydraulic rams in which pressure fluctuations caused by hydraulic shocks, and linear electric generators, the moving magnetic cores of which are connected by rigid rods with pistons and valves of hydraulic rams for conversion mations water pressure fluctuations in them to oscillate the magnetic cores of electric generators, hydraulic power units are placed, in particular gidrotarany at the water level in the river, thereby creating an artificial threshold-weir providing additional water pressure before the hydraulic units.

In addition, the claimed technical solution has optional features characterizing its particular cases, namely:

- hydraulic units are made in the form of separate cylindrical modules, the number of modules is selected depending on the power of the river flow, hydraulic units, in particular hydraulic rams, are placed under the water level in the transverse section of the river parallel to each other and its flow;

- hydraulic units, in particular hydraulic rams, are placed at a river water level below the freezing depth of the water surface to ensure year-round operation of hydraulic units;

- linear electric generators of modular hydraulic units of power plants when they are completely immersed under the water level in the river are waterproof.

The proposed technical solution achieves the possibility of generating electricity without blocking river channels with dams, without deepening hydraulic units under the river bottom, and without building long siphon pipelines, bypass channels and coastal lower basins.

A method for converting the mechanical energy of a water flow from kinetic to potential and vice versa in devices called hydraulic rams is known (see. "Hydraulics". NN Kremenetsky, DV Shterenlikht, V. M. Alyshev, L. Yakovleva M.: Energy, 1973, p. 215-217).

Linear electric generators are also known that convert the mechanical energy of the reciprocating oscillatory motion of a magnetic core into electrical energy of the same frequency (see RF Patents No. 2209324, No. 2304341, H02K 35/02).

The method of construction of small hydropower plants is implemented as follows. Hydraulic units of power plants are constructed in the form of single solid blocks, which are hydraulic rams, in which they create pressure fluctuations caused by hydraulic shocks, and linear electric generators, the moving magnetic cores of which are connected by rigid rods to the ram valves of hydraulic rams to convert the water pressure fluctuations in them into magnetic core oscillations electric generators, place hydraulic units, in particular hydraulic rams, according to the water level in the river, thereby creating an artificial overflow threshold, echivayuschy additional water pressure before the hydraulic units. Hydraulic units are made in the form of separate cylindrical modules, the number of modules is selected depending on the power of the river flow, hydraulic units, in particular hydraulic rams, are placed under the water level in the transverse section of the river parallel to each other and its flow. Hydraulic units, in particular hydraulic rams, are placed at a river level below the freezing depth of the water surface to ensure year-round operation of hydraulic units. Linear generators of modular hydraulic units of power plants, when completely submerged under the water level in the river, are waterproof.

The use of the claimed technical solution in comparison with all known means of a similar purpose ensures the generation of hydroelectric power on lowland rivers without special construction of a cascade of dams, bypass channels, coastal basins of the lower pool, deepening of hydraulic units under the bottom of the reservoir and the construction of long siphon pipelines with minimal environmental damage to the adjacent rivers territories.

Claims (4)

1. A method of constructing small hydropower plants, including the construction of hydropower units that convert the energy of the river flow into electricity, characterized in that the hydropower units are constructed as single solid blocks, which are hydraulic rams in which pressure fluctuations caused by hydraulic shocks are created, and linear electric generators are movable magnetic the cores of which are connected by rigid rods to the ram pistons-valves for converting the fluctuations in the pressure of water in them into the oscillations of the magnetic cores electric generators, place hydraulic units, in particular hydraulic rams, according to the water level in the river, thereby creating an artificial overflow threshold, providing an additional pressure of water in front of the hydraulic units. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic units are made in the form of separate cylindrical modules, the number of modules is selected depending on the power of the river flow, hydraulic units, in particular hydraulic rams, are placed in the transverse section of the river parallel to each other and its flow. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic units, in particular hydraulic rams, are placed by the water level in the river below the freezing depth of the water surface to ensure year-round operation of the hydraulic units. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear generators of modular hydraulic units of power plants when fully immersed in the river are waterproof.