RU2572445C1 - Method of input data preparation during firing from tank gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armaments and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: switches unit in the ballistic computer selects and set the round type for firing the target, the automatic system reads from the bar-code the information of actual round weight, data are entered in the ballistic computer, distance to the target is measured by the laser distance meter, distance changes are automatically read according to tank and target movements, angular vertical and horizontal speeds of target, heeling angle and axis inclination angle of the gun trunnions, wind speed, individual angle of round jump from the gun channel during firing, air temperature and pressure, average weight of the round, charge temperature, wear of the barrel channel, angle of sight and lateral lead are calculated for target shot considering information of the actual weight of each fragmentation demolition and hollow charge projectile.

EFFECT: invention increases accuracy of firing from the tank guns.

3 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of tank weapons, and in particular to methods for preparing an aimed shot from tank guns that increase the efficiency of their firing at various targets.

Widely known are the methods for preparing the initial data when firing cannons of domestic tanks of the T-72, T-80, T-90 type, etc., in which the initial data (aiming and lead angles) necessary to determine the projectile meeting point with the target are calculated by tank ballistic calculators according to certain mathematical dependencies (regression equations) for each type of projectile, taking into account a number of influencing factors, including, for example, the range measured to the target, the path traveled by the tank, the angular velocity of the target, the angle of heel and the slope of gun axles, wind speed, projectile mass, individual projectile exit angle from the barrel of the gun barrel, air temperature and pressure, charge temperature [1].

In addition to these factors, one of the significant factors that are not taken into account by ballistic computers of these tanks and affecting the effectiveness of shooting is the dispersion of the individual mass of shells, which affects the accuracy of fire.

As you know, serial fragmentation and cumulative shells for the 125-mm tank gun D-81 have a fairly large mass dispersion, which is indicated on the shell in the form of a certain number of corresponding weight signs “minus” or “plus”. At a nominal value of the mass of the projectile, the letter "H" is applied to it.

So, for example, for a 3OF19 fragmentation projectile, deviations from the nominal value reach 4 weight signs with both a “plus” and a “minus”. Moreover, the maximum deviation of the mass from the nominal value reaches 2.7%.

For the cumulative projectile BK18 (BK18M), the mass spread from the nominal value also reaches 2.7%.

For armor-piercing subcaliber shells (BPS), the dispersion of the mass of the flight is much less. For example, for BM22 BPS this spread reaches 1.4%. In addition, BPSs have twice the initial velocity, which reduces the effect of changes in the mass of the flight of the projectile on its external ballistic trajectory.

The influence of the mass deflection of fragmentation and cumulative shells for the tank 125-mm gun D-81 on the accuracy of fire with other unchanged factors is also confirmed by the practice of real shooting.

Closest to the proposed method is a method of preparing the source data for an aimed shot in a known automated fire control system (LMS) of a domestic T-90S tank [2]. The FCS of this tank provides automatic calculation of the aiming angle and lead for the selected type of projectile, set by the operator in the switch block in the ballistic computer, taking into account the influencing factors. The switch block provides a choice of ballistics for several types of BPS, cumulative and high-explosive fragmentation shells. The calculation of the aiming and lead angles is made taking into account the nominal (average) mass of a certain type of projectile.

A disadvantage of the known method of preparing the initial data for an aimed shot from the cannon of the T-90C tank is the inability to take into account the specific mass of a particular projectile to calculate a specific aiming angle and lateral lead, which leads to a decrease in the accuracy of shooting from the tank and an increase in the consumption of shells to hit the target.

The influence of the magnitude of the dispersion of the mass of shells on the accuracy of shooting from a tank can be estimated based on solving a system of equations for the main task of the theory of external ballistics, as well as determining the probability of a projectile hitting a target [3, 4].

The results of a comprehensive solution to this problem with an assessment of the impact of the projectile mass spread on the firing accuracy for a 125-mm cumulative projectile BK18 for a “tank, frontal projection” target at a range of 2000 m show that the probability of hitting is reduced by 1.1 times, and on the target type “tank in the trench” - 1.3 times with the weight sign “four minuses”.

For a 3OF19 high-explosive fragmentation projectile, the calculation results show that a deviation of the projectile mass even by one weighting mark from the tabular value leads to the fact that the reduced zone of destruction of the high-explosive fragmentation projectile may not cover the fired ground target.

Similar calculations for BM42 type BPSs showed that there is practically no effect of projectile mass deviation on the firing accuracy.

The calculations show a significant effect of the dispersion of the mass of shells on the effectiveness of firing from a tank for cumulative and high-explosive fragmentation shells.

The objective of the invention is to increase the accuracy of the preparation of the source data for an aimed shot when firing high-explosive and cumulative shells when shooting from a tank gun by taking into account the deviations of their mass from the nominal value in the algorithm of operation of the ballistic computer of the FCS of the tank.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the known method of preparing the initial data when firing from a tank gun, which includes the operator selecting the type of ammunition for hitting a target and setting it with a switch block in a ballistic computer, measuring the distance to the target with a laser rangefinder, automatically taking into account range changes due to the movement of the tank and the target, the angular velocity of the target vertically and horizontally, the angle of heel and the tilt axis of the gun pins, the wind speed, the individual angle of departure of the ammunition from the channel with gun barrel during the firing of a shot, temperature and air pressure, averaged projectile mass, charge temperature, barrel bore wear, additionally include operations for measuring the mass of each high-explosive fragmentation and cumulative projectile during its production, applying the mass value to the projectile, and in the process of loading the projectile in the gun - reading the mass of the projectile by the automatic system and transferring its value to the ballistic computer of the FCS with the subsequent automatic calculation of the aiming angles and lateral control. Information about the mass can be applied to the projectile, for example, using barcodes widely used in industry.

The advantage of the claimed invention over the known technical solutions is to increase the accuracy of firing of tank guns with high-explosive and cumulative shells by taking into account the exact value of the mass of each shell individually.

The proposed technical solution can be used in other types of weapons that have ballistic computers for calculating aiming angles and lateral lead.

Information sources

1. Theory and design of the tank. Ed. P.P. Isakova. - T.2. Basics of designing weapons for a tank. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1982. - 252 p.

2. Tank T-90S. User's manual. 188. IE-E1. - 460 s.

3. A.G. Shipunov, A.V. Ignatov. Structural and parametric synthesis of gun-missile weapon systems. - Tula: State Unitary Enterprise KBP, 2000 .-- 168 s.

4. E.S. Wentzel. Probability theory. - M .: Nauka, 1964 .-- 576 p.

Claims (3)

1. The method of preparing the source data when firing from a tank gun, including the operator selecting the type of ammunition for hitting a target and setting it with a switch block in a ballistic computer, measuring the distance to the target with a laser range finder, automatically taking into account range changes due to tank and target movement, angular speed vertical and horizontal targets, the angle of heel and the axis of the axle of the gun, wind speed, the individual angle of departure of the ammunition from the barrel of the gun when firing, temperature, and yes air phenomena, averaged projectile mass, charge temperature, barrel bore wear, characterized in that the calculation of the aiming angles and lateral lead for an aimed shot is made taking into account the actual mass of each high-explosive fragmentation and cumulative projectile. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that information about the actual mass of the projectile is applied to the projectile using barcodes in the process of producing shells. 3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that information about the mass of the projectile is read out by the automatic system and automatically entered into the ballistic computer of the tank fire control system in the process of loading the gun.