RU2572275C2 - Blast-proof isolation chamber for multiple use at destruction of nonseparable ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: claimed chamber is composed of a blast-proof cylindrical vessel with two elliptical walls, one being a drop design. Said vessel houses an induction-resistance-type heater with isolator to accommodates the projectile to be destructed. Said isolator is fitted inside said solenoid-type heater with multiple-ply winding. It makes the heat removal element and doubles as the protection against fragmentation. This chamber is furnished with blast gases removal pipe with the shock wave killer. The chamber walls are provided with the shutter devices composed by the sealed box accommodating the moving flaps with wedge-like thrusts. The chamber control system comprises the destruction control unit and temperature control unit connected with the controller. Video camera is mounted at foresaid drop wall to evaluate the completeness of the projectile destruction.

EFFECT: reliable and efficient destruction, longer service life.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of disposal of ammunition, including chemical, which by their design are hard to disassemble or non-separable and contain at least explosives and pyrotechnic compositions. The invention can be used in the destruction of various types of ammunition in automatic production lines.

The main requirements for the disposal of ammunition are their complete and guaranteed destruction, as well as ensuring safety and environmental protection.

A huge amount of ammunition is stored in warehouses, including chemical, with an unexploded explosive charge, as well as those in emergency condition due to the long shelf life. The most effective and safe way to destroy such ammunition is to detonate in a confined space with the localization of the products of the explosion, which is most important when destroying chemical munitions that also contain toxic substances, the release of which into the atmosphere is unacceptable.

Known devices for destroying ammunition, such as a high-pressure tank (RF patent No. 2389972, F42D 5/04, publ. 05/20/2010), which is two coaxial cylindrical shells installed one into the other with some clearance. The outer shell is designed to hold the pressure caused by the explosion, and the inner shell is used to protect the outer from fragments of ammunition. The air gap between the shells prevents the transfer of dynamic loads to the outer shell during an explosion. Upon destruction of ammunition, the inner shell deteriorates, which can be replaced without dismantling the outer shell. Before undermining the ammunition, the tank is evacuated, which reduces the burden from the explosion and prevents possible leakage of gaseous products. The disadvantage of this device is that the design does not have a system for initiating ammunition, nor does it provide for monitoring the completeness of destruction of ammunition, which is why the operation of the device cannot be automated as much as possible. In addition, the inner protective shell of the tank has a large mass and dimensions, and when it fails, special lifting mechanisms are required to replace it.

Closest to the proposed invention, the technical solution is the installation for the disposal of warhead equipment (RF patent No. 2482437, F42B 33/06, publ. 05/20/2013) (prototype), in which the elements of ammunition (fuses, detonator capsules) are burned, previously packaged in cassettes by heating them with continuous removal of gaseous products formed in the cleaning system.

The known installation comprises a chamber with a localizer located inside, consisting of a set of plates, which is heated by an electromagnetic heater located under it. A movable lid with armored strikers overlapping the localizer's passage channel is installed above the localizer. The installation is equipped with a gas cleaning system and a transport system for loading cassettes, consisting of a step feeder and a pusher with a disk ruff.

The disadvantages of this installation is that the localizer, assembled from the plates, has a low operational life with multiple destruction of ammunition elements, and it cannot be quickly replaced after the resource is exhausted due to the presence of a large number of fasteners. Due to the installation of the localizer above the electromagnetic heater, the localizer is heated intensively only in the lower part, which is in direct contact with the heater. In this case, the ammunition is heated only on one side, which can lead to incomplete destruction and the spread of unexploded parts of the ammunition from the localizer. Also, due to the developed lateral surface of the localizer, which does not have thermal insulation, intense heat removal takes place in the chamber space, which requires the cost of maintaining the specified temperature of the localizer and additional cooling of the chamber. In addition, the installation does not provide for the protection of the cleaning system from impulse loads that may occur during intense burning of explosive materials, which translates into detonation. The installation lacks a control system for the completeness of destruction of ammunition, which reduces its level of safety. There is no seal between the camera body and the lid, which can lead to the release of gaseous products into the surrounding area.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is the creation of a reusable explosion-proof containment chamber, which ensures the safe and guaranteed destruction of non-separable ammunition, including chemical munitions, ensuring tightness, maintainability and a high operational life.

The technical result of the invention is to create a uniform temperature field inside the localizer, which provides comprehensive heating of the munition, which contributes to its complete destruction, as well as ensuring the tightness of the chamber, increasing the operational life and maintainability.

Explosion-proof localizing reusable chamber for the destruction of non-separable ammunition, containing a container, heater, localizer, chipper, equipped with sliders and a control system, characterized in that in the center of a cylindrical tank with a diameter to length ratio of 0.7-0.9, equipped with elliptical walls , one of which is hinged, an induction-resistive heater is installed, inside of which with a radial clearance of 10-15 mm a cylindrical localizer is placed, the inner channel of which is intended meaning for the installation of ammunition, offset from the outer surface of the locator so that the bottom wall has a large thickness, and the camera is equipped with a temperature control unit and a destruction control unit associated with the controller, the temperature control unit is equipped with a power controller, a two-channel temperature controller and localizer temperature sensors and heater windings, the destruction control unit is equipped with pressure and vibration sensors connected to the signal comparison unit.

The localizer is fixed from axial movement in two stationary racks, and its radial displacement is limited by the chipper in the lower position, which reduces the number of fasteners and simplifies the process of replacing a worn localizer.

The camera is equipped with a video surveillance unit, including a video camera and an infrared illumination unit, which are designed to visually assess the completeness of destruction of ammunition, as well as the technical condition of the localizer. The CCTV unit is located on the hinged wall inside the explosion-proof cooled casing and is separated from the internal volume of the tank with armored glass and a shutter of the slide gate device, which helps to prevent the release of gaseous explosion products into the surrounding space.

To reliably contain gaseous products of the explosion, the hinged wall of the tank is equipped with a double-circuit seal made of elastic material and a channel located between the seals to suck out possible leaks into the cleaning system. The seal is reusable and allows you to repeatedly open the lid.

The tightness of the closing of the loading and unloading openings is achieved by the fact that the gate devices are equipped with two movable dampers with wedge-shaped stops mounted in a sealed enclosure. The use of wedge locking of the shutters eliminates their movement and disclosure of the sealed joint, and also provides constant tightening of the shutter to the sealing surface. The gate device for unloading fragments from the chamber is equipped with a spring-loaded ring scraper to clean the damper surface from small fragments, which eliminates their contact with the sealing surface and its damage.

The chipper is box-shaped with reinforcing ribs and discharge openings. On the inner side of the chipper on the side walls are fixed removable gates forming labyrinth channels. With this form, the chipper has high mechanical strength and is able to withstand multiple explosive loads. Removable gate valves protect its walls from damage by high-speed fragments and can be easily replaced when it fails. Labyrinth channels in the walls of the chipper serve to exit gaseous products and do not allow small fragments to fly out of the localizer.

When a localizer is installed inside an induction-resistor heater of the solenoid type, thermal energy is released in it due to the conversion of electromagnetic energy generated by the heater winding. This allows you to create a uniform temperature field inside the localizer, in which the destroyed ammunition is heated. A radial clearance of 10-15 mm between the localizer and the heater ensures the unobstructed replacement of the worn localizer, and also eliminates the transmission of dynamic loads to the heater. The presence of a gap provides thermal insulation of the heater winding from a heated localizer.

By displacing the internal channel of the localizer, a greater thickness of the wall of the localizer at the place of installation of the ammunition is achieved, which is achieved by increasing its resource during the multiple destruction of ammunition and reducing operating costs associated with its replacement.

The dimensions of the container with a ratio of diameter to length of 0.7-0.9, at which the shape of the tank approaches spherical, provide a uniform distribution of loads arising from the explosion and, therefore, increase the operational life of the chamber.

The temperature control unit is designed for dual-circuit temperature control of the localizer and heater coil. Maintaining the operating temperature of the localizer is carried out by regulating the supply voltage of the heater winding depending on the temperature of the localizer, which is measured by the temperature sensor. To prevent damage to the heater, the control unit provides for limiting the supply voltage of the heater winding in case of overheating.

Ammunition destruction control is carried out using the destruction control unit, which includes pressure and vibration sensors associated with the signal comparison unit. If the signals from the sensors of the specified parameters are exceeded, information about the destruction of the ammunition is issued. In the absence of one of the signals, the destruction is considered incomplete and the ammunition is held to a predetermined time, ensuring its complete destruction.

When using the camera in automated production lines for the destruction of ammunition, it is additionally equipped with a transport system for delivering ammunition, a system for unloading fragments and a cleaning system, the designs of which are not considered in the present invention.

Distinctive features of the chamber ensure the complete and guaranteed destruction of non-separable ammunition, including chemical, with the fulfillment of the requirements for explosion safety, environmental friendliness and full automation of the destruction process.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the camera.

In FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the camera.

In FIG. 3 shows a loading slide gate device.

In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a control system.

Explosion-proof containment chamber consists of a cylindrical tank 1 (Fig. 1, 2) with two walls 2 and 3, and the wall 2 is hinged. An induction-resistive heater 4 is installed inside the tank. A localizer 5 is installed in the heater’s inner hole with a radial gap of 10-15 mm so that the largest wall thickness of the localizer is located in the lower part (at the location of the munition). The localizer is fixed from axial movement in two stationary racks 6, and its radial displacement is limited by the chipper 7 in the lower position. The induction-resistive heater has a sealed cylindrical housing 8, inside which a multilayer winding 9 is placed, between the turns of the winding there is a collector air cooling system 10 connected to an external compressed air supply line.

The conclusions of the heater winding 11, the temperature sensors of the heater and the localizer 12 and 13, respectively, as well as the compressed air supply pipe pass inside the flexible pipe 14, which simultaneously serves as a channel for air to exit the collector cooling system.

A chipper 7 connected to a reciprocating drive 15, which has a lower position lock 16 to prevent the chipper from moving when the munition is destroyed. Removable gates 17 are fixed on the side walls of the chipper, which form labyrinth channels for the exit of gaseous products.

The tank 1 is connected to the hinged wall 2 using hinged clamps 18 with stop bolts, which allows you to quickly open the wall if you need to replace worn parts and assemblies. The hinged lid 2 is mounted on the cantilever bracket 19, which is mounted on the tank.

On the sealing surface of the tank there is a double-circuit seal made of elastic material 20, which ensures the tightness of the connection of the lid and the tank. Between the contours of the seals there is a channel 21 connected to a cleaning system (not shown), which is designed to prevent the release of gaseous products.

The chamber is equipped with an outlet pipe for gaseous products 22, inside of which perforated plates are fixed, which act as a shock absorber and protect the equipment of the cleaning system (not shown) from damage. Also on the camera there is a pipe 23 for supplying and draining the reagent to clean the inner surface of the chamber from contamination.

Sliding devices 24, 25, 26 are mounted on the walls of the chamber for loading ammunition, unloading fragments and installing a video surveillance system, respectively.

The gate devices 24 and 25 (Fig. 3) have a similar design and contain a housing 27, inside which two movable shutters 28 and 29 with stops 30 are wedge-shaped. The dampers are connected to two pneumatic cylinders 31 and 32, ensuring their movement.

The gate device 25 is additionally equipped with a spring-loaded ring scraper 33 for cleaning the shutter from small fragments. The scraper prevents small fragments from entering the sealing surface and thereby ensures the tightness of the chamber.

A tubular channel 34 for supplying ammunition is adjacent to the localizer from the side of the loading gate device, and on the other hand there is a funnel 35 for collecting fragments.

The camera is additionally equipped with a shut-off valve 36 with a pneumatic actuator, which serves to block the outlet pipe 22 of the gaseous products and protects the cleaning system (not shown) from the effects of the shock wave during the destruction of ammunition.

The camera control system (Fig. 4) includes a temperature control unit 37, an actuator control unit 38, a destruction control unit 39, a video surveillance unit 40 connected to a programmable controller 41 and a PC-based operator station 42.

Maintaining the set temperature of the localizer 5 is carried out using a power controller 43 connected to a two-channel temperature controller 44, which is equipped with a temperature setting device. The temperature of the localizer and the winding of the heater is measured using temperature sensors 12 and 13 connected to a two-channel controller 44. The temperature value measured by the sensor 13 is transmitted to a two-channel controller 44, in which a comparison is made with the set temperature. As a result of the comparison, the corresponding signal is output to the power controller 43, which changes the electrical parameters in the power circuit of the heater. When the winding exceeds the temperature set in the device, the power regulator 43 limits the output power of the heater, which prevents its overheating.

The actuators are controlled according to a predetermined algorithm by signals from sensors installed on the actuators, which are supplied to the controller 41 connected to the mechanism control unit 38. The controller 41 contains an algorithm for the mechanisms to provide mutual displacement locks to prevent emergency situations.

The destruction control unit 39 includes pressure sensors 45 and vibrations 46 connected to the comparison unit 47. When the ammunition is destroyed, the signals registered by the sensors are sent to the comparison unit 47 connected to the task unit 48. Based on the results of the comparison of the signals, information about the destruction of the ammunition appears in the controller, which gives out commands to perform subsequent operations.

The video surveillance unit 40 includes a video camera 49 with adjustable focal length and an infrared illumination unit 50, which are connected to the control panel 51, the DVR 52 and the operator’s workstation 48. Using the control panel 51, the viewing angle of the camera is adjusted, which allows inspection as localizer, and the entire inner surface of the tank. A video camera with an infrared illumination unit is installed inside the explosion-proof housing 53 connected to an air cooling system. At the operator’s workstation, the position of the actuators, the temperature of the localizer and heater windings, information on the destruction of ammunition, and also the image from the video camera are displayed.

Explosion-proof localizing chamber operates as follows.

The sequential execution of operations by the camera mechanisms, the localizer temperature control, as well as the control of the destruction of ammunition is carried out automatically using the control system.

Before the destruction of ammunition from the operator’s workstation 42, a signal is sent to heat the localizer, while the power regulator 43 is turned on, connected to the winding of the heater 9, which is controlled by the control circuit from the two-channel controller 44. The localizer 5 is heated to a temperature of 400-450 ° C, set in the task device of the two-channel temperature controller 44. The temperature is recorded by signals from temperature sensors 13 and 12 installed on the localizer and the heater coil, respectively. After heating the localizer to operating temperature, the loading gate device 24 opens and the chipper 7 rises to the upper position. Using a transport system, the design of which is not described, the ammunition is loaded into the localizer through a tubular channel 34. After loading the ammunition, the shutter 28 of the gate device overlaps the loading opening and is pressed by the shutter 29 with the wedge-shaped stops 30. Using drive 15, the fender is lowered to the lower position, thereby blocking the channel in the localizer with the gate 17, thereby creating an isolated space in which the ammunition is heated and destroyed. The lower position lock 16 fixes the chipper from moving when the ammunition is destroyed. The internal space of the chamber is evacuated, after which the shut-off valve 36 is closed. When the explosive reaches the decomposition temperature inside the ammunition, a thermal explosion occurs, i.e. destruction of ammunition. In this case, the gaseous products of the explosion from the localizer are ejected into the internal volume of the chamber, and fragments of ammunition remain inside the localizer. The destruction of ammunition is recorded by the signals of pressure sensors 45 and vibration 46 after comparing the readings in the comparison unit 47. A visual assessment of the completeness of destruction of ammunition is carried out using a video camera 49 aimed at the localizer. To do this, the gate device 26 is opened, the chipper is lifted, and the image from the video camera enters the operator’s workstation 41. Based on the image from the video camera, the operator decides to continue operations or additional exposure of the ammunition in the localizer. After confirming the completeness of destruction of the ammunition, the shut-off valve 36 is opened, which is connected to the cleaning system (not shown), and gaseous products are removed from the chamber. At the same time, the gate devices 24 and 25 are opened, with the help of the transport system, the ammunition fragments are discharged into the funnel 35, and then through the open gate of the gate device 25 to the fragment collection container (not shown). The following ammunition is loaded into the localizer and the cycle of the camera is repeated.

The prototype chamber and its components withstood lengthy explosive tests, in which more than 2,000 ammunition with an explosive mass of 0.25 kg to 0.75 kg TNT were destroyed. Tests have confirmed the explosion-proof design and performance with multiple destruction of ammunition. The tightness of the chamber is confirmed by gas-hydraulic tests in the event of a charge detonation with an explosive mass increased by 1.5 times. It was established that ammunition is completely destroyed, in which there are no remains of undecomposed explosive. The test results showed the advantage of this camera over the well-known models of equipment for a similar purpose, which allows us to recommend it for serial production and equipping facilities for the destruction of ammunition, including chemical.

Claims (7)

1. Explosion-proof localizing chamber of reusable use for the destruction of non-separable ammunition, containing a container, a heater, a localizer, a chipper equipped with gate devices and a control system, characterized in that in the center of a cylindrical container with a diameter to length ratio of 0.7-0.9, equipped with elliptical walls, one of which is hinged, an induction-resistive heater is installed, inside of which with a radial clearance of 10-15 mm a cylindrical localizer is placed, the inner channel of which, before designated for the installation of ammunition, offset from the outer surface of the localizer so that the bottom wall has a large thickness, and the camera is equipped with a temperature control unit and a destruction control unit associated with the controller, the temperature control unit is equipped with a power controller, a two-channel temperature controller and temperature sensors of the localizer and heater windings, and the destruction control unit is equipped with pressure and vibration sensors connected to the signal comparison unit. 2. The camera according to claim 1, characterized in that the localizer is fixed from axial displacement in two stationary racks, and its radial displacement is limited by the chipper in the lower position. 3. The camera according to claim 1, characterized in that a video surveillance unit is placed on the hinged wall, including a video camera and an infrared illumination unit installed in an explosion-proof cooled enclosure and aimed at a localizer, the video camera being separated from the internal volume of the tank by an armored glass and a slide gate valve. 4. The chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the hinged wall is provided with a bypass seal of elastic material and a channel to prevent the release of gaseous explosion products into the surrounding space. 5. The camera according to claim 1, characterized in that the slide devices are made of two movable shutters with wedge-shaped stops placed inside a sealed enclosure. 6. The chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the slide gate device for unloading the fragments from the chamber is equipped with a spring-loaded ring scraper for cleaning the surface of the shutter from small fragments. 7. The chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the chipper is made in a box-shaped form with reinforcing ribs and discharge openings, removable gates are fixed on the inner side of the chipper on the side walls, forming labyrinth channels for the exit of gaseous explosion products.

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